Battle of Stalingrad 07/17/1942-02/02/1943 The balance of forces at the initial stage was as follows: The balance of forces at the initial stage was as follows: Order No. 227 “Not a step back”
“Our Motherland is going through difficult days. We must push back and defeat the enemy at all costs; the Germans are not as strong as the alarmists think. They are straining their last strength. To withstand their blow now and in the next few months will ensure our victory.”
Battle for Stalingrad
In September 1942, at a meeting between Stalin I.V., Zhukov G.K. and Vasilevsky A.M. a plan for a historical counteroffensive at Stalingrad called “Uranus” was discussed.
Pavlov's house after the end of the Battle of Stalingrad. In the background is Gerhart's Mill
Pavlov's House (House of Soldier's Glory) is a 4-story residential building located on Lenin Square in Volgograd, in which a group of Soviet soldiers held the defense during the Battle of Stalingrad. The defense was led by senior sergeant Ya. F. Pavlov, who took command of the squad from senior lieutenant I. F. Afanasyev, who was wounded at the beginning of the battle, hence the name of the house. Pavlov's house became a symbol of courage, perseverance and heroism.
Pavlov's House
Yakov Fedorovich Pavlov
Beginning of the Soviet counteroffensive at Stalingrad
On November 19, 1942, the Red Army launched a counteroffensive near Stalingrad. As a result of attacks on the enemy’s flanks, the troops of the Stalingrad and southwestern fronts encircled the 22nd division of more than 300 thousand people on November 23.
Operation Little Saturn
To save Paulus’s 6th Army, a new Army Group “Don” was created under the leadership of one of the most experienced Nazi commanders, Field Marshal E. Manstein.
The Don group went on the offensive on December 12, 1942. The Soviet command abandoned Operation Saturn. All forces were deployed to eliminate Manstein's breakthrough. The operation was called "Little Saturn". The Germans suffered heavy losses, but moved forward. On December 20-22, 1942, everything was decided by a tank battle, which ended in victory for the Soviet troops.
On December 31, 1942, Operation Little Saturn ended. Army Group Don was thrown back into the ring, leaving 300 thousand Nazis encircled.
Elimination of the Stalingrad enemy group
On January 4, 1943, a plan called “The Ring” was approved. The liquidation of the 6th Army of Paulus and other enemy units that were surrounded began.
Stalingrad is a hero city!
In 1965, Stalingrad was awarded the honorary title “Hero City”.
Since 1961 Stalingrad - Volgograd.
Sculpture “The Motherland Calls!” - the compositional center of the monument-ensemble “To the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad” on Mamayev Kurgan in Volgograd. 1959-1967
One of the tallest statues in the world.
More than 700 thousand participants in the battle were awarded a medal for the defense of Stalingrad.
The medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad" was established by Decree
Moskalev
The medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad” was awarded to all participants in the defense of Stalingrad - military personnel of the Red Army, Navy and NKVD troops, as well as civilians who took a direct part in the defense. The period of defense of Stalingrad is considered to be July 12 - November 19, 1942.
The medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad” is worn on the left side of the chest and, if there are other medals of the USSR, is located after the medal “For the Defense of Sevastopol”.
As of January 1, 1995, approximately 759,560 people had been awarded the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad.”
Medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad"
“Lesson of the Battle of Stalingrad” - How long did Hitler want to take control of the city? Colonel General Paulus; January 31, 1943 – mass surrender. Mamaev Kurgan, Panorama Museum of the Battle of Stalingrad. Prepared by: GPD teacher Shakhgeldieva A.V. What is the date of the beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad? Square of Sorrow. On August 23, 1942, Nazi bombers made more than 2 thousand sorties.
"Stalingrad" - Field Marshal Paulus. Patriotism of Russian soldiers Skillful leadership of Zhukov, Rokossovsky, Vatutin... Reasons for the victory of the Soviet Army in the Battle of Stalingrad. Pavlov Yakov. Main dates:
“The History of the Battle of Stalingrad” - Eyewitnesses testified: “Stalingrad flared up, the Volga flared up from burning spilled oil. In military history before Stalingrad, such stubborn urban battles were not known. The flames of the fires rose several hundred meters. They killed everyone. The greatest battle in the history of wars unfolded between the Volga and Don rivers.
“The Battle of Stalingrad” - Department of Military-Patriotic and Civil Education of the CDT “Shield”. S t a l i n g r a d s k a i b i t v a. Artistic panorama “The defeat of the Nazi troops at Stalingrad.” "Hero City" The ammunition situation is critical. After liberation, the city was in complete ruins. July 17, 1942 - February 2, 1943.
“Battle of Stalingrad” - One of the monumental monuments to the heroes of Stalingrad is the memorial ensemble - the “Battle of Stalingrad” museum. The war brought grief to almost every family. Sword: length – 29 meters, weight – 400 tons 300 kg. Sculpture “The Motherland – Mother Calls!” - one of the largest on the planet. The entire memorial took 8 years to build, from 1959 to 1967.
"Stalingrad" - 200 days at the gates of hell. J.V. Stalin wrote: “Stalingrad was the decline of the Nazi army. Battle of Stalingrad. The battle included the Wehrmacht's attempt to capture the left bank of the Volga in the area of Stalingrad and the city itself, a standoff in the city, and a Red Army counteroffensive (Operation Uranus), which resulted in the Wehrmacht VI Army and other German Allied forces in and around the city being surrounded and partially destroyed, some captured.
Class hour "2February - Battle of Stalingrad"
Target: acquaintance with an important historical date of the hero city of Volgograd
Tasks: 1. Clarify and expand students’ knowledge about the Battle of Stalingrad and its significance during the Great Patriotic War.
2. Develop interest in the history of the Fatherland, the history of your native land; observation, curiosity.
3. Foster a sense of patriotism, cohesion, and responsibility.
Equipment: multimedia presentation “February 2 – Battle of Stalingrad”, poems about the war, recording “Minute of Silence”.
During the classes.
1. Organizational moment.
2. Conversation.
Guys, today, February 2, we have an unusual class hour. ( Slide 1) On this day in 1943, the last salvos of one of the most important battles of the Great Patriotic War - Stalingrad - were fired. ( Slide 2)
Motherland, harsh and sweet,
Remembers all the fierce battles,
Groves grow over the graves,
Nightingales glorify life through the groves.
Slowly the story turns,
The chronicle syllable becomes heavier.
Everything is getting old
The homeland does not grow old,
Old age doesn't let you in.
This battle began on July 17, 1942. ( Slide 3) Heavy bloody battles began near the city. All the men went to the front, and children, women and old people helped in the rear - they worked in factories and joined the partisans. The Stalingrad direction was poorly covered. Time was everything. A rapid advance of the fascist armies and the city will become their prey. But the Soviet command urgently allocated two reserve armies. A defensive line was created between the Don and Volga - the Stalingrad Front arose.
And the city itself immediately turned into a military camp. Everything was done to get as many women, children, and old people out of it as possible.
Wait for me and I will come back,
Just wait a lot
Wait when they make you sad
Gray rains.
Wait for the snow to blow
Wait for it to be hot
Wait when others are not waiting,
Forgetting yesterday.
The battle for Stalingrad was very difficult. It was a matter of honor to defend the city. After all, with the capture of such a large industrial center as Stalingrad was, the Nazis would not only be able to weaken the country, but also approach the capital of our homeland - Moscow, and also surround Leningrad. Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Army I.V. Stalin issued the order: “Not a step back.” ( Slide 4)
From birth I have not seen the earth
No siege, no such battle,
The earth shook
And the fields turned red,
Everything was burning over the Volga River.
In the heat, factories, houses, train stations,
Don't hand over the city to the enemy.
Russian soldier faithful to the oath,
He defended Stalingrad.
The time will come - the smoke will clear,
The thunder of war will fall silent,
Taking off my hat when meeting him,
The people will say about him:
This is an iron Russian soldier,
He defended Stalingrad.
Soviet soldiers fought for every street, for every house, every floor, for every pebble of their native land. The Battle of Stalingrad lasted 200 days and nights. One of the terrible days for city residents was August 23, 1942. ( Slide 5) Then, back in 1942, German combat aircraft intended to wipe Stalingrad off the face of the Earth. Several thousand bombs were dropped on the houses of the townspeople, destroying more than half of Stalingrad, killing more than 40 thousand people and more than 50 thousand were injured, thereby turning the city into a huge territory covered with burning ruins. A stunning photograph by the legendary war photojournalist Emmanuel Evzerikhin has survived to this day - the “Children” fountain, preserved during the bombing, against the backdrop of incinerated Stalingrad. Officially, the photograph is called: “August 23, 1942. After a massive raid by Nazi aircraft.”
From the memories of children of Stalingrad: “Explosive forces shake the air. Residential areas and cultural institutions are burning. Moans and wheezes of the wounded can be heard from everywhere. Death strikes people in neighborhoods, in basements, shops, on the street. Those who managed to do so seek salvation in the cracks of the ruins. And bombs continue to fall from the smoke-blackened sky. »
» To scoop up water, it was necessary to move apart the corpses that covered the river near the shore... "
“The whole street was on fire. And our house also caught fire. We jumped out of the flames, my hair was burned. Mom stews them for me with her hands. And her brother was about five years old, he was in her arms. The bomb shelter was overcrowded. They saved themselves as best they could …»
What’s his name, I forgot to ask him.
About ten or twelve years old. Bedovy,
Of those who are the leaders of children,
From those in the front-line towns
They greet us like dear guests.
The car is surrounded in parking lots,
Carrying water to them in buckets is not difficult,
Bring soap and towel to the tank
And unripe plums are put in...
There was a battle going on outside. The enemy fire was terrible,
We made our way forward to the square.
And he nails - you can’t look out of the towers, -
And the devil will understand where he’s hitting from.
Here, guess which house is behind
He settled down - there were so many holes,
And suddenly a boy ran up to the car:
Comrade commander, comrade commander!
I know where their gun is. I scouted...
I crawled up, they were over there in the garden...
But where, where?.. - Let me go
On the tank with you. I'll give it straight away.
Well, no fight awaits. - Get in here, buddy! -
And so the four of us roll to the place.
The boy is standing - mines, bullets are whistling,
And only the shirt has a bubble.
We've arrived. - Here. - And from a turn
We go to the rear and give full throttle.
And this gun, along with the crew,
We sank into loose, greasy black soil.
I wiped off the sweat. Smothered by fumes and soot:
There was a big fire going from house to house.
And I remember I said: “Thank you, lad!” -
And he shook hands like a comrade...
It was a difficult fight. Everything now is as if from sleep,
And I just can’t forgive myself:
From thousands of faces I would recognize the boy,
But what’s his name, I forgot to ask him.
At the cost of incredible efforts, our troops were able to not only repel the advance of Hitler’s troops on November 19, 1942 ( Slide 6), but also to encircle the advanced units of the German army led by Field Marshal Paulus - February 2, 1943. ( Slide 7)
Don't forget those terrible years
When the Volga water boiled,
But that iron soldier withstood
But the immortal Stalingrad survived.
In the Battle of Stalingrad, the Soviet Army defeated 5 enemy armies and captured 91 thousand people. But there were also many losses among Soviet soldiers. ( Slide 8)
The lines fall evenly into the notebook...
Let hundreds of times
The snow will melt from the slopes,
The heart will still skip a beat
With this figure – 20 million.
Yes, many Soviet soldiers died in the Battle of Stalingrad. Let's honor their memory with a minute of silence. (Minute of silence.)
For outstanding services to the Motherland, the city was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal. (Displays images of awards.) ( Slide 9)
There are many monuments in the city in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad. What monuments of the Battle of Stalingrad do you know? (Children's answers.)
One of the most famous monuments of the Battle of Stalingrad all over the world is the Mamayev Kurgan complex of monuments. ( Slide 10)
Student message: Mamayev Kurgan, a hill in the central part of Volgograd (north of the Central Station), dominating the city, in the area of which stubborn fighting took place during the Battle of Stalingrad 1942-43. In 1963-67, a monument-ensemble was created on Mamayev Kurgan to commemorate the victory at Stalingrad (a team of authors led by sculptor E. V. Vuchetich and architect Ya. B. Belopolsky; Lenin Prize, 1970). In the center of the ensemble is the monument to the Mother Motherland (Its height is 52 meters, the length of the arm is 20 and the length of the sword is 33 meters. The total height of the sculpture is 85 meters. The weight of the sculpture is 8 thousand tons, and the sword is 14 tons). At the foot of the mound is the monument “Stand to the death”, below it are the ruins of two walls with relief compositions revealing the theme of heroic struggle.
Another memorable place of the Battle of Stalingrad is the Square of Fallen Fighters. ( Slide 14)
Student message: In the summer of 1942, the Square of Fallen Fighters became the place from which militia units and regular units of the Red Army left to defend the city. When the enemy entered the city, the Square of the Fallen Fighters became the scene of fierce fighting. The 13th Guards Division of General Rodimtsev fought here, there was a cemetery for German officers, here, in the basement of a department store, Field Marshal Paulus was captured on January 31, 1943. More than 100 Soviet soldiers were buried in a mass grave, next to the defenders of Red Tsaritsyn. To commemorate the end of the Battle of Stalingrad, on February 4, 1943, a crowded meeting of victorious soldiers and city residents took place on the Square of Fallen Fighters. The army commanders V.I. Chuikov, M.S. Shumilov, and the commander of the 13th Guards Rifle Division A.I. Rodimtsev spoke at the rally. Secretary of the regional party committee A.S. Chuyanov, pointing to the ruins of the city, said: “In battles with the hated enemy - the Nazi invaders - our city was turned into piles of ruins. Today we swear to our Motherland, Party and Government that we will revive our beloved city.” And the city was revived.
People did not spare themselves in this war. They fought to the last, performed feats, sacrificing their lives. Such a feat was accomplished by Red Army soldier Mikhail Panikakha, whose monument is located in the Krasnooktyabrsky district of Volgograd. ( Slide 15)
Student message: On October 2, 1942, Red Army soldier Panikakha went to the lead tank with a grenade and Molotov cocktails. When one of the bottles was broken by a fragment of an enemy shell and the clothes ignited, Panikakha rushed at the enemy tank and, breaking another bottle on its armor, set it on fire, and he himself died. The remaining tanks turned back. The site of Panikakha’s feat was marked for a long time with a memorial sign with a memorial plaque. On May 8, 1975, a modern monument was unveiled at the site of the feat. He depicts a warrior-sailor at the moment of a rush to a fascist tank. The authors of the project are sculptor R. P. Kharitonov and architect Yu. I. Belousov. The sculpture is made of forged copper and installed on a reinforced concrete pedestal measuring 8x13 meters and 0.8 meters high. The sculpture itself is 6.3 meters high.
3. Bottom line.
Guys, many years have passed since the Battle of Stalingrad, but we honor the memory of the fallen and bow to the living. ( Slide 16)
Let us bow to those great years,
To all our commanders and soldiers,
To all the country's marshals and privates,
Let us bow to both the dead and the living.
To all those whom we must not forget,
Let's bow, bow, friends.
The whole world, all the people, the whole earth
Let us bow down for that Great Battle.
This concludes our class hour.
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Slide captions:
Battle of Stalingrad July 17, 1942 - February 2, 1943 The Battle of Stalingrad was the beginning of a radical turning point in the Great Patriotic War and the Second World War. Here, near the walls of Stalingrad, the greatest battle in the history of war took place for 200 days and nights, which ended in a major defeat of the enemy troops.
On July 14, 1942, the Stalingrad region was declared in a state of siege. July 17, 1942 - September 12, 1942 German offensive. November 19, 1942 - February 2, 1943 Soviet counteroffensive. September 13 – November 18, 1942 defensive battles on the streets of Stalingrad
July 17, 1942 - the Battle of Stalingrad began, which radically changed the course of the Great Patriotic War. After the defeat of German troops at Stalingrad, Hitler declared three days of mourning in the Third Reich. Historians call the battle of Moscow and Stalingrad the first harbingers of Victory.
In its scale and ferocity, it surpassed all past battles: more than two million people fought on an area of almost one hundred thousand square kilometers.
On August 23, 1942, at 16:18, the German 4th Air Fleet began a massive bombardment of Stalingrad. During the day, 2 thousand aircraft sorties were carried out. The city was destroyed by 90%, turning it into a huge area covered in burning ruins. More than 40 thousand civilians died that day.
The goal of the fascist invaders: to take possession of an industrial city whose enterprises produced military products; reach the Volga, along which in the shortest possible time it was possible to get to the Caspian Sea, to the Caucasus, where the oil necessary for the front was extracted.
German troops were stopped on the northwestern outskirts of the city and only on September 12 they came close to Stalingrad from the west and southwest, and fierce street fighting broke out in the city. On November 18, 1942, the defensive period of the Battle of Stalingrad ended. During 4 months of fighting between the Don and Volga, the enemy lost about 700 thousand people killed and wounded and a large amount of military equipment. Our troops lost over 640 thousand people.
On January 10, 1943, Soviet troops began Operation Ring. The Battle of Stalingrad has entered its final phase. Pressed against the Volga and cut into two parts, the enemy group was forced to surrender.
The battle on Mamayev Kurgan, a blood-soaked height overlooking the city, was unusually merciless. The battles for Mamayev Kurgan lasted 135 days. In the area of Mamayev Kurgan, on February 2, 1943, the Battle of Stalingrad ended.
The victory at Stalingrad had a decisive influence on the further course of the Second World War.
Victory in the Battle of Stalingrad over one of the strongest armies in the world - the Nazi German - came at a high price for the Red Army. The total losses of the Red Army in the Battle of Stalingrad amounted to 1 million 130 thousand soldiers and officers, including irretrievable losses - about 480 thousand people, 4341 tanks, 15,728 guns and mortars, 2769 aircraft. It was an outstanding victory for Soviet weapons. At Stalingrad, 24 generals, led by Field Marshal F. Paulus, were captured.
On October 15, 1967, in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad, a monument-ensemble “To the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad” was opened on Mamayev Kurgan. The idea of building a majestic monument in the hero city, in memory of the great battle, arose almost immediately after the end of the battle.
This is the largest monument dedicated to the events of World War II built anywhere in the world. The length of the memorial complex from the foot to the top of the hill is 1.5 km, all structures are made of reinforced concrete.
The central figure of the composition is the sculpture “The Motherland is Calling!” It is one of the seven wonders of Russia, as it is one of the largest on the planet. Its weight is 8000 tons, height is 85 meters: 4 meters – pedestal, 52 meters – sculpture. Sword: length – 29 meters, weight – 400 tons 300 kg. The entire memorial took 8 years to build, from 1959 to 1967.
Currently, the historical and memorial complex "Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad" is the most visited in Russia. It operates all year round, seven days a week, free of charge. Mamayev Kurgan became a symbol of the invincibility of Russian weapons, the Russian people. No wonder Mamaev Kurgan is called the Main Height of Russia.
The heroic and tragic years of the Great Patriotic War are moving further and further away from us. February 2, 2013 will mark the 70th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad, which has become a symbol of the courage and resilience of our people unprecedented in world history. To the glory of the feat of our people, monuments were erected in granite and marble, in music and literature... But no less a monument was erected in the people’s hearts. Human memory is the greatest, most indestructible monument of Victory.
The war has passed, the suffering has passed, But the pain calls out to people: Let us, people, never forget about this. Let the faithful memory of her be preserved, of this torment, by the children of today's children, and by our grandchildren's grandchildren.
The presentation contains material about the Battle of Stalingrad, which became a turning point during the entire Great Patriotic War. Based on the material selected on the slides, a teacher can talk in a history lesson or during a class hour in middle grades (grades 7, 8, 9) about how Soviet troops at Stalingrad repulsed the enemy and did not allow enemy forces to cross Mamayev Kurgan.
An interactive manual has been prepared on 12 slides. Their summary:
- June 21, 1941 - the beginning of hostilities;
- the beginning of the battle of Stalingrad;
- order No. 227 “Not a step back!”;
- defense and assault of Stalingrad;
- battle for Mamayev Kurgan;
- defense of Pavlov's house;
- the long-awaited counteroffensive;
- surrender of fascist troops.
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The presentation tells about Stalingrad, a hero city known to every person who lived in the territory of the post-Soviet space. Today this city has been returned to its ancient name of Volgograd, but its glory is not forgotten, like the Battle of Stalingrad, which helped win the war, forcing the enemy to stop and turn back. You can download the development material both for history lessons and for class hours, which will certainly take place in all Russian schools on the eve of the memorable date.
An electronic resource about the city of Stalingrad has been created on 31 slides. Every page of this story is filled with real events. Everywhere there are bitter memories, terrible stories and pride for those soldiers who courageously defended the city, fighting the enemy. It is not for nothing that this city received the title of hero city. Every alley, every building, every corner knows what war is. Take a closer look with the children at those monuments that tell about the glory of the great Stalingrad.
The presentation on the topic “Defense of Stalingrad” chronicles the military events that unfolded around this city. Their starting point is considered to be the day of July 15, 1942, when enemy units were spotted in the city, and therefore martial law was declared in the region. The end of the Battle of Stalingrad is considered to be the joyful day of February 2, 1943, when fascist troops had to capitulate from the city. Between these two dates there were military operations and numerous operations, retreats and long battles on the streets of the city. The defense of the city of Stalingrad was not easy. It lasted 163 days. The feat of every soldier is remembered by today's generation, and it is necessary to talk about this during courage lessons or class hours, for which it is proposed to download the development.
The presentation on the topic “Children of Stalingrad” is filled with bitter facts that tell us what fate befell those children who were born before the war in the city of Stalingrad. Little did they know that they would have to hear shelling of their home and see their relatives die. The children of Stalingrad, like the adults, went through a difficult journey. Only the child’s consciousness perceived this pain and fear in its own, childish way.
You can download the development for display during class in primary school. Let little schoolchildren of grades 1, 2, 3, 4, who had a happy childhood, remember those who at their age held a rifle in their hands, who saw bombs falling from the sky like lead rain, or who were killed before they lived to win. The work contains many childhood memories of those little Stalingrad residents who could never forget the horror that befell their wartime childhood.
The presentation tells about the battle for Stalingrad, one of the most significant events of the Second World War. They talk a lot about her not only on the eve of the holiday. Every day thousands of people come to this city to honor the feat of those soldiers who failed to survive, and to remember those who survived and moved on, clearing the earth of fascist evil spirits. Every student will also feel the tragedy of those events by viewing the slides of the presentation about the battle for the city of Stalingrad, which we recommend downloading to all middle school class teachers.
The manual was prepared on 18 slides. The work contains many photographs, most of them black and white photographs that capture real scenes of military operations. There are sparse captions a little lower or to the side, because next to such places you just want to be silent, look closely and think.
The presentation is a short slide show about the Mamayev Kurgan, a holy place, a historical point, a world-famous landmark associated with the Battle of Stalingrad. You can download the finished manual for class hours or lessons on courage, for viewing in a history or social studies lesson. This small colorful manual will allow you to create an atmosphere of celebration in the classroom when studying the topic, to feel the spirit of that time when the life of every Stalingrader was in danger.
I saw a lot of Mamaev Kurgan from its height. Even the enemy managed to set foot on its peak in order to fire at the city from it, but his thoughts were not destined to come true. Many monuments remind of the days of the war. The Path and Mamayev Kurgan will be mentioned in the teacher’s stories both on the memorable day of the end of the Battle of Stalingrad, and on the eve of Victory, on any other day when there is an opportunity to talk with schoolchildren on the topic of war.
The material contains a script and presentation for the class hour “The Battle of Stalingrad in Military Photographs”. The event is held in middle school. The class hour is held with the aim of introducing students to the main stages of the Battle of Stalingrad; lead students to understand the significance of the heroic defense of Stalingrad.
The material contains a script and presentation for the class hour "February 2 - Battle of Stalingrad". The event is held in primary schools. The class hour is held with the aim of introducing students to an important historical date in their hometown; clarify and expand students’ knowledge about the Battle of Stalingrad, its significance during the Great Patriotic War; develop interest in the history of the Fatherland, the history of one’s native land, observation, curiosity; cultivate a sense of patriotism, cohesion, and responsibility.
