Yakov Slashchev. 1913
White Guard - Red Teacher
Slashchev (Slashchov) is the same White Guard hangman general who became for Mikhail Bulgakov prototype of Khludov. When Denikin After the defeat by the Red Army, he retreated to the Caucasus, Slashchev occupied the Crimea and organized an effective defense of the isthmuses. He was the undivided ruler of Crimea until the Military Council elected a new commander Wrangel (Slashchev pointedly ignored this meeting). He had his own views on the conduct of further military operations against the Reds, wrote reports to Wrangel, which the latter perceived as nothing other than the ravings of a madman ( see below a fragment from Wrangel’s memoirs). The main peculiarity of Slashchev’s biography was his return to Soviet Russia a year after the evacuation from Crimea. He was given the opportunity to write and publish a book of memoirs "Crimea " , an appeal to the White Guards who remained in exile, but were not accepted into leadership positions in the Red Army. They gave him a teaching position at the Shot tactics school for command personnel. They say that during a discussion in class about the Soviet-Polish war, in the presence of Soviet military leaders, he spoke about the stupidity of our command during the military conflict with Poland. Budyonny, who was present in the audience, jumped up, pulled out a pistol and fired several times in the direction of the teacher, but missed. Slashchev approached the red commander and edifyingly said: “The way you shoot is the way you fought.” Or maybe this episode is hyperbole. Slashchev died at the hands of Kolenberg, whose brother was executed on his orders during the civil war. Liberal historiography has no doubt that these were the machinations of Stalin’s agents. However, there is every reason to believe that there was no politics in this murder, only personal revenge.
Ya.A. Slashchov - brigade commander of General Shkuro's division. 1918
Slashchev-Krymsky
Slashchev Yakov Alexandrovich (12/29/1885-01/10/1929). Colonel (11.1916). Major General (04.1919). Lieutenant General (04.1920). He graduated from the St. Petersburg Real School (1903), the Pavlovsk Military School (1905) and the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff (1911). Participant First World War : commander of a company and battalion of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment, 01.1915-07.1917. Commander of the Life Guards of the Moscow Regiment, 07/14-12/1917. During the war he was wounded 5 times. In the White movement: formed units of the Volunteer Army on the instructions of the general Alekseeva in the Mineralnye Vody area, 01-05.1918. An officer in a detachment (about 5,000) of a colonel Skin ; 05-07.1918. Commander of the 1st Kuban Plastun Infantry Brigade and Chief of Staff of the 2nd Kuban Cossack Division of General Laying down , 07.1918-04.1919. Commander of the 5th Infantry Division, 04-08.1919. Commander of the 4th Infantry Division (13th and 34th Combined Brigades); 08-11.1919. Commander of the 3rd Army Corps, (13th and 34th brigades deployed in the division); 12.1919-02.1920. Took up defensive positions on the Perekop Isthmus of Crimea on 12/27/1918, forestalling the Red Army's invasion of Crimea. Commander of the Crimean (former 3rd) Corps, 02-04.1920. Commander of the 2nd Army Corps (formerly Crimean, renamed by General Wrangel); 04-18.08.1920. Removed by General Wrangel and removed from command of the corps, transferred to reserve; 08/18/1920. Evacuated from Crimea (11.1920). In exile, 11.1920-11.1921. Returned to Russia on November 21, 1921. Teacher of the Shot courses, 06.1922-01.1929. Killed by Kolenberg on 02/11/1929 in his room at the Shot course in Lefortovo. As a hero of the defense of Crimea, on August 18, 1920, by order of General Wrangel, he received the right to be called “Slashchev-Krymsky.”
Materials used from the book: Valery Klaving, Civil War in Russia: White Armies. Military-historical library. M., 2003.
Ya. Slashchev feeds turkey poults.
Constantinople, 1921.
I demand public justice and transparency!
SLASCHOV Yakov Alexandrovich (1885-1929) - Lieutenant General. He graduated from the Pavlovsk Military School and the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff in the 2nd category (without the right to be assigned to the General Staff due to a low average score) (1911). He left the school for the Finnish Life Guards Regiment in 1905, in which he continued to serve as a company commander, battalion commander and assistant regiment commander (in 1917). He took part in almost all the battles of his regiment on the front of the First World War. He was wounded five times and shell-shocked twice. In 1915 he was awarded the Arms of St. George, and in 1916 - the Order of St. Victorious George, 4th degree. In 1916 - colonel. Since July 1917 - commander of the Moscow Guards Regiment.
In the Volunteer Army from December 1917. At the beginning of January 1918, he was sent by General M.V. Alekseev to the North Caucasus as an emissary of the Volunteer Army to create officer organizations in the Caucasian Mineral Waters region. In May 1918 - chief of staff of the partisan detachment of Colonel A. G. Shkuro, and then chief of staff of the 2nd Kuban Cossack Division. From September 6, 1918 - commander of the Kuban Plastun brigade as part of the 2nd division of the Volunteer Army. November 15, 1918 - head of the 1st separate Kuban Plastun brigade. On February 18, 1919, he was appointed brigade commander in the 5th division, and on June 8 of the same year - brigade commander of the 4th division. On May 14, 1919, he was promoted to major general - for military distinction and on August 2, he was appointed head of the 4th division. On December 6, 1919, he was appointed commander of the 3rd Army Corps and in the winter of 1919-1920. successfully led the defense of Crimea. After General Wrangel took over the Main Command of the AFSR, General Slashchov was promoted to lieutenant general on March 25, 1920 - for military distinction and was appointed commander of the 2nd Army Corps. After unsuccessful battles, the corps in July 1920 near Kakhovka, General Slashchov submitted his resignation, which was accepted by General Wrangel. Since August 1920 - at the disposal of the Commander-in-Chief. In November 1920, as part of the Russian army, he was evacuated from Crimea to Constantinople. In Constantinople, in a number of letters and speeches, both oral and in print, he sharply condemned the Commander-in-Chief and his staff. By the verdict of the court of honor, General Slashchov was dismissed from service without the right to wear a uniform. In response to the court’s decision, General Slashchov published a book in January 1921: “I demand a court of society and openness. Defense and surrender of Crimea. (Memoirs and Documents)" (Constantinople, 1921). At the same time, he entered into secret negotiations with the Soviet authorities and on November 21, 1921 returned to Sevastopol. Here I went to Moscow in Dzerzhinsky's carriage. He appealed to the soldiers and officers of the Russian army to return. In 1924 he published the book: “Crimea in 1920. Excerpts from memories” (M.; Lg., 1924) *). Since June 1922, he was listed as a teacher of tactics at the Shot command school. On January 2, 1929, he was killed on the premises of a school, allegedly out of personal revenge, although the timing of this murder coincides with the wave of repressions that befell former officers of the White Army in 1929-1930.
Notes:
*) In 1990 it was republished: Slashchov Y. A. White Crimea. 1920 M., 1990.
Materials used from the book: Nikolai Rutych Biographical reference book of the highest ranks of the Volunteer Army and the Armed Forces of the South of Russia. Materials on the history of the White movement M., 2002
General Wrangel testifies:
General Slashchev, the former sovereign ruler of Crimea, with the transfer of headquarters to Feodosia, remained at the head of his corps. General Schilling was placed at the disposal of the Commander-in-Chief. A good combat officer, General Slashchev, having assembled random troops, coped with his task perfectly. With a handful of people, amid general collapse, he defended Crimea. However, complete independence, beyond any control, the consciousness of impunity completely turned his head. Unbalanced by nature, weak-willed, easily susceptible to the basest flattery, poor understanding of people, and also prone to a morbid addiction to drugs and wine, he was completely confused in the atmosphere of general collapse. No longer content with the role of a combat commander, he sought to influence the general political work, bombarded the headquarters with all sorts of projects and assumptions, each more chaotic than the other, insisted on replacing a whole series of other commanders, and demanded the involvement of what seemed to him outstanding individuals in the work.
Wrangel P.N. Notes. November 1916 - November 1920 Memoirs. Memoirs. - Minsk, 2003. t. 11. p. 22-23
General Slashchev arrived. After our last date, he became even more haggard and flabby. His fantastic suit, loud nervous laughter and random, abrupt conversation made a painful impression. I expressed my admiration for the difficult task he had accomplished in holding the Crimea and expressed confidence that, under the protection of his troops, I would be able to put the army in order and improve the rear. I then briefed him on the latest decisions of the military council. General Slashchev replied that he completely agreed with the council’s decision and asked to believe that his units would fulfill their duty. He had reason to expect an enemy offensive in the coming days. I briefly introduced him to the planned operation to seize the exits from Crimea. Then General Slashchev raised questions of a general nature. He considered it necessary in the coming days to widely notify the troops and population about the views of the new Commander-in-Chief on issues of domestic and foreign policy.
Wrangel P.N. Notes. November 1916 - November 1920 Memoirs. Memoirs. - Minsk, 2003. t. 11. p. 29
At the end of our conversation, I conveyed an order to General Slashchev, in which, in reward for his services in saving the Crimea, he was given the name “Crimean”; I knew that this was his long-time dream (order No. 3505, August 6 (19), 1920).
Slashchev was completely moved; in a choking voice, interrupted by tears, he thanked me. It was impossible to look at him without pity.
On the same day, General Slashchev and his wife visited my wife. The next day we went to pay a visit. Slashchev lived in his carriage at the station. There was incredible chaos in the carriage. A table laden with bottles and snacks, scattered clothes, cards, weapons on the sofas. Among this chaos, Slashchev is wearing a fantastic white mentic, embroidered with yellow cords and trimmed with fur, surrounded by all kinds of birds. There were a crane, a raven, a swallow, and a starling. They jumped on the table and sofa, flew up onto the shoulders and head of their owner.
I insisted that General Slashchev allow himself to be examined by doctors. The latter identified the strongest form of neurasthenia, requiring the most serious treatment. According to the doctors, the latter was possible only in a sanatorium and recommended that General Slashchev go abroad for treatment, but all my attempts to convince him of this were in vain, he decided to settle in Yalta.
Wrangel P.N. Notes. November 1916 - November 1920 Memoirs. Memoirs. - Minsk, 2003. t. 11. p. 236-137
Death of Slashchev
On January 11, A. was killed in his apartment. (typo - d.b. "I") Slashchev *). An unknown person entered the apartment, shot at Slashchev and disappeared. Slashchev, a former commander of one of Wrangel’s armies, has recently been a teacher at rifle and tactical courses for improving command personnel.
Murder of Ya.A.Slashchev
On January 11, as we reported, former Wrangel general and military school teacher Ya. A. Slashchev was killed in his apartment in Moscow. The killer, named Kolenberg, 24 years old, stated that he committed the murder out of revenge for his brother, who was executed by order of Slashchev during the Civil War. Since 1922, from the moment of his voluntary transfer to serve in the Red Army, Y.A. Slashchev worked as a tactics teacher at the Shot courses. Ya.A. Slashchev came from the nobility. He began his service in the tsarist army in 1902. In 1911, he graduated from the General Staff Academy and, refusing to enroll in the General Staff, went to serve in the Corps of Pages, where he taught military science until the outbreak of World War II. He began the war as a company commander, and in 1916 he was appointed regiment commander. During the civil war, Ya.A. Slashchev was on the side of the whites. In Denikin's army, he served as commander-in-chief of the troops of Crimea and Northern Tavria, and later under Wrangel he was appointed commander of a separate corps. During his stay in Crimea, Slashchev brutally dealt with the peasant workers. Not getting along with Wrangel for official and personal reasons, he was recalled and left for Constantinople. In Constantinople, Wrangel demoted Slashchev to the rank and file. In 1922, Slashchev voluntarily returned from emigration to Russia, repented of his crimes against the working class and was amnestied by the Soviet government. Since 1922, he has been conscientiously working as a teacher at Vystrel and collaborating in the military press. Recently he published the work “General Tactics”. An investigation is underway into the murder. Yesterday at 16:30, the cremation of the body of the late Ya.A. Slashchev took place in the Moscow crematorium.
Murder of Slashchev
In Moscow, General Ya. A. Slashchev, one of the active participants in the white movement, who earned a very sad memory for his exceptional cruelty and recklessness, was killed in his apartment. Already in Crimea, Slashchev tried to replace General Wrangel at the head of the army, and then in Constantinople he published a well-known brochure in which he demanded a trial of the commander-in-chief (Wrangel). From Constantinople, Slashchev moved to Moscow, the Soviet government willingly forgave him for his sins against her and appointed him a professor at the Military Academy. However, he was unable to stay there due to the extremely hostile attitude of his listeners towards him. Slashchev was transferred to rifle-tactical courses for improving command personnel (the so-called “Vystrel”), where he remained until his last days as a lecturer, who managed to publish several works on military issues during his stay in the USSR. Slashchev’s residence in Moscow was carefully hidden.<...>Recent reports from Berlin newspapers talk about the arrest of the killer, 24-year-old Kohlenberg, who said that he killed Slashchev for the shooting of his brother, committed by Slashchev in Crimea. Moscow claims that the murder was committed several days ago, but they did not immediately decide to report it. Slashchev's body was burned in a Moscow crematorium. Unschlicht and other representatives of the Revolutionary Military Council were present at the burning.
General Ya.A.Slashchev
<...>Subsequently, it will become clear whether he was killed by a hand that was truly guided by a sense of vengeance, or that was guided by the requirement of expediency and safety. After all, it is strange that for more than four years the “avenger” could not put an end to a man who did not hide behind the thickness of the Kremlin walls and in the labyrinth of the Kremlin palaces, but lived peacefully, without security, in his private apartment. And at the same time, it is understandable that during hours of noticeable shaking of the ground under one’s feet, it is necessary to eliminate a person known for his determination and mercilessness. Here it was necessary to really hurry up and quickly use both some kind of murder weapon and the oven of the Moscow crematorium, which could quickly destroy traces of the crime.
*) Yakov Aleksandrovich Slashchev served Mikhail Bulgakov as the prototype of General Khludov in the play “Running”.
Read further:
Slashchov-Krymsky Yakov Alexandrovich. Crimea, 1920.
World War I(chronological table).
Civil war 1918-1920 in Russia(chronological table).
WSUR(reference article).
All-Great Don Army(chapters from the book).
White movement in faces(biographical index).
Many people remember the scene from Mikhail Bulgakov’s “Run”, where General Khludov commands his orderly: “Present a working deputation to Mr. Minister!” He takes the minister out into the courtyard, where corpses swing on gallows...
The prototype of General Khludov was General Yakov Aleksandrovich Slashchev. He actually hanged and shot in batches those who violated military order and discipline, not to mention the enemies. But, besides this, he was a brave combat commander.
Slashchev was extremely popular among his soldiers, who lovingly called him “General Yasha.” And he was hated by those who, under the cover of the White Guard uniform, sat in the rear, speculated, and profited.
Battle path
During the First World War, Slashchev rose to the rank of colonel, was wounded five times, and was awarded the Order of St. George and the St. George's weapon for personally leading the troops into the attack. The pain from many wounds (several more were added during the Civil War) contributed to the formation of his addiction to drugs, which his personal enemies used against him.
Shortly before the October Revolution, Slashchev retired, seeing how the army was falling apart. But he was going to fight the Bolsheviks and went to the Don, where he took part in the creation of the Volunteer Army. In 1918 he helped the Kuban partisan Colonel Shkuro. Their dashing Cossack detachment smashed the rear of the Reds, liberated the city of Stavropol and united with the army of General Denikin.
In the Armed Forces of Southern Russia, Slashchev received the rank of general for a successful landing operation in the spring of 1919 in the Koktebel area, after which the Whites liberated Crimea from the Reds. His finest hour came in January 1920, when his prefabricated, poorly armed units repelled the attacks of the Reds on the Perekop Isthmus.
One day, Slashchev’s troops wavered and retreated. The general ordered the banners to be unfurled, the orchestra to start playing a march, and personally led the troops in a “psychic attack” on the Reds. At this point the enemy could no longer stand it and ran.
Crimea became the last refuge of the White Army for almost a year. And Slashchev gained the glory of the savior of Crimea.
Enmity with Wrangel
General Wrangel in his memoirs paints a portrait of General Slashchev as a rapidly degraded personality. “His addiction to wine and drugs was well known...,” he wrote. - I saw him last time near Stavropol, he struck me then with his youth and freshness. Now it was difficult to recognize him... His fantastic suit, loud nervous laughter and random, abrupt conversation made a painful impression.”
Wrangel wrote his “Notes” after Slashchev betrayed the White Cause and returned to Soviet Russia. Those who saw Slashchev later, in “red” Moscow, speak of him as an adequate and interesting person. Wrangel clearly went too far in trying to paint a repulsive image of his popular rival. Everyone knew that back in White Crimea, irreconcilable differences arose between the two military leaders.
And no wonder. Slashchev, in his own way, cruelly but effectively, fought against the disintegration of the troops and the rear. Moreover, he constantly interfered in politics, annoying the commander-in-chief with reports about the need for repression, and gained a reputation as an ardent monarchist. Wrangel believed that Slashchev would discredit the White movement in relations with the Entente.
Slashchev-Krymsky
Slashchev was a master of landing troops. In June 1920, thanks to his successful operations, the White Army emerged from the Crimea into operational space. But for political reasons, Wrangel in August 1920 entrusted the execution of the landing in the Kuban to the Cossack general Ulagai. The landing failed.
Slashchev at this time was thrown into an unprepared assault on the fortified Red bridgehead at Kakhovka. The assault also failed. Wrangel accused Slashchev of disintegrating the troops and removed him from command. The dismissal was given the appearance of an honorable resignation, and Wrangel allowed Slashchev to add the name Krymsky to his surname.
In November 1920, when leaving Crimea, Wrangel tried to detain Slashchev at the front under the pretext of organizing partisan detachments. But Slashchev-Krymsky made his way to evacuation together with his fighting friend and common-law wife, Nina Nechvolodova, who wore two St. George Crosses (however, the circumstances of their receipt are unknown).
To Moscow in Dzerzhinsky's carriage
In Constantinople, Slashchev sharply opposed Wrangel, blaming him for the Crimean failure. In response, Wrangel initiated a “court of honor” that expelled Slashchev from the Russian army.
At this time, it was important for the Bolsheviks to find a popular White Guard military leader who could split the emigration from within. Cheka agents made contact with Slashchev in advance, using his hatred of Wrangel. It is unknown when exactly this happened, but there is information that the issue of Slashchev’s return to Soviet Russia was personally raised by Dzerzhinsky himself at a Politburo meeting. A slight majority supported Dzerzhinsky, although Lenin himself abstained.
In November 1921, after a year-long exile, Slashchev and his wife and with them several military and civilian emigrants returned to Sevastopol. The White General arrived in Moscow in the personal carriage of the Chairman of the Cheka.
In January 1922, the Soviet press distributed Slashchev's appeal to all white emigrants calling on them to return to Soviet Russia. “Otherwise, you will find yourself mercenaries of foreign capital...,” the Crimean hero inspired them. “Don’t you dare sell yourself out to go to war with Russia.”
Slashchev's appeal influenced a significant part of the white officers and soldiers interned in Turkey and Poland. Many thousands repatriated in the first months of 1922.
"The way you shoot is the way you fight"
Slashchev repeatedly wrote reports asking to be sent to a combat unit, but he was left to teach at the “Vystrel” course for Red Army commanders. The future Soviet army general Batov recalled that Slashchev’s lectures on tactics invariably aroused great interest among listeners.
Before the revolution, Slashchev was not very successful in the sciences - he graduated from the General Staff Academy one of the last in academic performance. But the former general’s lack of theoretical knowledge was made up for by rich combat practice. He had something to tell his former enemies.
Conflicts often arose on this basis. It was said that once, in the presence of Budyonny, Slashchev sharply criticized the actions of the Red Command in the Polish campaign. Budyonny pulled out a revolver and began to shoot, but due to his drunkenness he missed. Slashchev calmly told the commander of the First Cavalry: “The way you shoot is the way you fight.”
The bloody trail that the general left behind him in the Civil War boomeranged back for him. In January 1929, Slashchev-Krymsky was shot dead in his room by a certain Lazar Kolenberg. The killer motivated his act with revenge for his brother, who was allegedly hanged on the orders of Slashchev in 1919 in Nikolaev. The killer was declared insane and released from punishment.
Yaroslav Butakov
Slashchev Yakov Aleksandrovich (1885-1929) - Lieutenant General of the Russian Army. Born on December 29 (according to another version - December 12), 1885 in St. Petersburg. Father - Colonel Alexander Yakovlevich Slashchev, a hereditary military man. Mother - Vera Aleksandrovna Slashcheva. He graduated from the Pavlovsk Military School and the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff in the 2nd category (the latter was assigned to the General Staff in 1911 due to a low average score). He left the school for the Finnish Life Guards Regiment in 1905, in which he continued to serve as a company commander, then as a battalion commander and as an assistant regiment commander by 1917. He took part in almost all the battles of his regiment on the front of the First World War. He was wounded five times and shell-shocked twice. In 1915 he was awarded the Arms of St. George, and in 1916 - the Order of St. Victorious George, 4th class. In 1916 he received the rank of colonel. Since July 1917 - commander of the Moscow Guards Regiment.
At the very beginning of the civil war, Yakov Slashchev ended up in the Volunteer Army (December 1917). At the beginning of January 1918, he was sent by General M.V. Alekseev to the North Caucasus as an emissary of the Volunteer Army to create officer organizations in the Caucasian Mineral Waters region. In May 1918 - chief of staff of the partisan detachment of Colonel A. G. Shkuro, and then chief of staff of the 2nd Kuban Cossack Division. From September 6, 1918 - commander of the Kuban Plastun brigade as part of the 2nd division of the Volunteer Army. November 15, 1918 - head of the 1st separate Kuban Plastun brigade. On February 18, 1919, he was appointed brigade commander in the 5th division, and on June 8 of the same year - brigade commander of the 4th division. On May 14, 1919, he was promoted to major general - for military distinction and on August 2, he was appointed head of the 4th division. On December 6, 1919, he was appointed commander of the 3rd Army Corps. It was under the leadership of Slashchev in the winter of 1919-1920 that the 3rd Army Corps successfully defended the Crimean isthmus from the Red Army. After General Wrangel took over the Main Command of the AFSR, General Slashchev was promoted to lieutenant general on March 25, 1920 - for military distinction and was appointed commander of the 2nd Army Corps. After the unsuccessful battles of the corps in July 1920 near Kakhovka and the loss of the latter, General Slashchev submitted his resignation, which was accepted by General Wrangel. From August 1920 it was at the disposal of the Commander-in-Chief.
He was fearless, constantly leading his troops to attack by personal example. He had nine wounds, the last of which, a concussion to the head, was received at the Kakhovsky bridgehead in early August 1920. He suffered many wounds practically on his feet. To relieve the unbearable pain from a wound in the stomach in 1919, which did not heal for more than six months, he began injecting himself with the painkiller morphine, then became addicted to cocaine.
General Wrangel wrote about him: “General Slashchev, the former sovereign ruler of the Crimea, with the transfer of headquarters to Feodosia, remained at the head of his corps. General Schilling was placed at the disposal of the Commander-in-Chief. A good combat officer, General Slashchev, having assembled random troops, did an excellent job with his task. With a handful of people, amid general collapse, he defended Crimea. However, complete independence, beyond any control, the consciousness of impunity finally turned his head. Unbalanced by nature, weak-willed, easily susceptible to the most base flattery, poor understanding of people, Moreover, subject to a morbid addiction to drugs and wine, he was completely confused in the atmosphere of general collapse. No longer content with the role of a combat commander, he sought to influence the general political work, bombarded the headquarters with all sorts of projects and assumptions, each more chaotic than the other, insisted on replacing a number of others bosses, demanded the involvement of outstanding persons who seemed to him to be involved in the work."
In November 1920, as part of the Russian army, General Slashchev was evacuated from Crimea to Constantinople. In Constantinople, in a number of letters and speeches, both oral and in print, he sharply condemned the Commander-in-Chief and his staff. As a result, by the verdict of the court of honor, General Slashchev was dismissed from service without the right to wear a uniform. In response to the court's decision, General Slashchev published a book in January 1921: “I demand the trial of society and openness. Defense and surrender of Crimea. (Memoirs and documents)” (Constantinople, 1921). At the same time, he entered into secret negotiations with the Soviet authorities and on November 21, 1921 returned to Sevastopol. Here I went to Moscow in Dzerzhinsky's carriage. He appealed to the soldiers and officers of the Russian army to return. In 1924 ode. published a book: “Crimea in 1920. Excerpts from memories.” Since June 1922, he was listed as a teacher of tactics at the Shot command school. They say that during a discussion in class about the Soviet-Polish war, in the presence of Soviet military leaders, he spoke about the stupidity of our command during the military conflict with Poland. Budyonny, who was present in the audience, jumped up, pulled out a pistol and fired several times in the direction of the teacher, but missed. Slashchev approached the red commander and edifyingly said: “The way you shoot is the way you fought.”
On January 11, 1929, Yakov Slashchev was killed on the school premises in very strange circumstances - allegedly out of personal revenge. But the timing of this murder coincides with the wave of repression that hit former officers of the White Army in 1929 - 1930.
The newspaper “For Freedom” Warsaw on January 18, 1929 wrote: “It will subsequently become clear whether he was killed by a hand that was truly guided by a feeling of vengeance, or that was guided by the requirement of expediency and safety. After all, it is strange that the “avenger” could not put an end to his life for more than four years a man who did not hide behind the thickness of the Kremlin walls and in the labyrinth of the Kremlin palaces, but lived peacefully, without security, in his private apartment. And at the same time, it is understandable that in the hours of noticeable shaking of the ground under one’s feet, it is necessary to eliminate a person known for his determination and mercilessness "Here it was necessary to really hurry up and quickly use both some kind of murder weapon and the oven of the Moscow crematorium, which could quickly destroy traces of the crime."
Yakov Aleksandrovich Slashchev-Krymsky(Russian doref. Slashchov, December 29, 1885 - January 11, 1929, Moscow) - Russian military leader, lieutenant general, active participant in the White movement in southern Russia.
Biography
Born on December 29 (according to another version - December 12), 1885 in St. Petersburg in a family of hereditary nobles the Slashchevs. Father - Colonel Alexander Yakovlevich Slashchev, a hereditary military man. Mother - Vera Aleksandrovna Slashcheva.
In 1903 he graduated from the Gurevich Real School with an additional class.
Imperial Army
In 1905 he graduated from the Pavlovsk Military School, from where he was released as a second lieutenant in the Finnish Life Guards Regiment. On December 6, 1909 he was promoted to lieutenant. In 1911 he graduated from the Nikolaev Military Academy with the 2nd category, without the right to be assigned to the General Staff due to an insufficiently high average score. On March 31, 1914, he was transferred to the Corps of Pages with an appointment as a junior officer and enlistment in the Guards Infantry. He taught tactics in the Corps of Pages.
On December 31, 1914, the Finnish Regiment was again assigned to the Life Guards, in the ranks of which it participated in the First World War. He was shell-shocked twice and wounded five times. Awarded the Arms of St. George:
and the Order of St. George, 4th degree:
On October 10, 1916, he was promoted to colonel. By 1917 - assistant commander of the Finnish regiment. On July 14, 1917, he was appointed commander of the Moscow Guards Regiment, a position he held until December 1 of the same year.
Volunteer Army
- December 1917 - joined the Volunteer Army.
- January 1918 - sent by General M.V. Alekseev to the North Caucasus to create officer organizations in the Caucasian Mineral Waters region.
- May 1918 - chief of staff of the partisan detachment of Colonel A. G. Shkuro; then chief of staff of the 2nd Kuban Cossack Division of General S. G. Ulagai.
- September 6, 1918 - commander of the Kuban Plastun brigade as part of the 2nd division of the Volunteer Army.
- November 15, 1918 - commander of the 1st separate Kuban Plastun brigade.
- February 18, 1919 - brigade commander in the 5th Infantry Division.
- June 8, 1919 - brigade commander in the 4th Infantry Division.
- May 14, 1919 - promoted to major general for military distinction.
- August 2, 1919 - Chief of the 4th Infantry Division of the AFSR (13th and 34th consolidated brigades).
- December 6, 1919 - commander of the 3rd Army Corps (13th and 34th combined brigades deployed in divisions, numbering 3.5 thousand bayonets and sabers).
He enjoyed love and respect among the soldiers and officers of the troops entrusted to him, for which he earned the affectionate nickname - General Yasha.
Defense of Crimea
- December 27, 1919 - At the head of the corps, he occupied fortifications on the Perekop Isthmus, preventing the capture of Crimea.
- Winter 1919-1920 - Head of the Defense of Crimea.
- February 1920 - Commander of the Crimean Corps (formerly 3rd AK)
- March 25, 1920 - Promoted to lieutenant general with appointment as commander of the 2nd Army Corps (formerly Crimean).
- On April 5, 1920, General Slashchev submitted a report to the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army in Crimea and Poland, General P. N. Wrangel, indicating the main problems at the front and with a number of proposals.
- From May 24, 1920 - Commander of the successful white landing at Kirillovka on the coast of the Azov Sea.
- August 1920 - After the inability to liquidate the Kakhovka bridgehead of the Reds, supported by large-caliber guns TAON (heavy artillery for special purposes) of the Reds from the right bank of the Dnieper, he submitted his resignation.
- August 1920 - At the disposal of the Commander-in-Chief.
- August 18, 1920 - By order of General Wrangel, he received the right to be called “Slashchev-Krymsky”.
- November 1920 - As part of the Russian army, he was evacuated from Crimea to Constantinople.
Yakov Aleksandrovich Slashchev-Krymsky(in the old spelling Slashchov, December 29, 1885 - January 11, 1929, Moscow) - Russian military leader, lieutenant general, active participant in the white movement in southern Russia.
Born on December 29 (according to another version - December 12), 1885 in St. Petersburg. Father - Colonel Alexander Yakovlevich Slashchev, a hereditary military man. Mother - Vera Aleksandrovna Slashcheva.
“General Slashchev, the former sovereign ruler of the Crimea, with the transfer of headquarters to Feodosia, remained at the head of his corps. General Schilling was placed at the disposal of the Commander-in-Chief. A good combat officer, General Slashchev, having assembled random troops, coped with his task perfectly. With a handful of people , amid the general collapse, he defended the Crimea. However, complete independence, beyond any control, the consciousness of impunity finally turned his head. Unbalanced by nature, weak-willed, easily susceptible to the most base flattery, poorly versed in people, and also subject to a morbid addiction to drugs and wine, he was completely confused in the atmosphere of general collapse. No longer content with the role of a combat commander, he sought to influence the general political work, bombarded the headquarters with all sorts of projects and assumptions, each more chaotic than the other, insisted on replacing a number of other commanders, demanded the involvement of persons who seemed outstanding to him (Wrangel P.N. Notes. November 1916 - November 1920 Memoirs. Memoirs.)"
- 1903 - Graduated from the St. Petersburg Gurevich Real School.
- 1905 - Graduated from the Pavlovsk Military School and was released into the Finnish Life Guards Regiment (by 1917 he had risen to the rank of assistant regiment commander).
- 1911 - Graduated from the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff in the 2nd category (without the right to be assigned to the General Staff due to a low average score).
- 1914 - He went to the front with the regiment (wounded five times and shell-shocked twice).
- 1915 - Awarded the Arms of St. George.
- 1916 - Awarded the Order of St. George, IV degree. November 1916 - Colonel.
- July 14, 1917 - December 1, 1917 - Commander of the Moscow Guards Regiment. December 1917 - Joined the Volunteer Army.
- January 1918 - Sent by General Alekseev to the North Caucasus to create officer organizations in the Caucasian Mineral Waters region.
- May 1918 - Chief of Staff of the partisan detachment of Colonel A. G. Shkuro; then chief of staff of the 2nd Kuban Cossack Division of General Ulagai.
- September 6, 1918 - Commander of the Kuban Plastun Brigade as part of the 2nd Division of the Volunteer Army.
- November 15, 1918 - Commander of the 1st separate Kuban Plastun brigade.
- February 18, 1919 - Brigade commander in the 5th division.
- June 8, 1919 - Brigade commander in the 4th division.
- May 14, 1919 - Promoted to major general for military distinction.
- August 2, 1919 - Head of the 4th Division (13th and 34th Combined Brigades).
- December 6, 1919 - Commander of the 3rd Army Corps (13th and 34th combined brigades deployed in the division, numbering 3.5 thousand bayonets and sabers).
- December 27, 1919 - At the head of the corps, he occupied fortifications on the Perekop Isthmus, preventing the capture of Crimea.
- Winter 1919-1920 - Head of the Defense of Crimea.
- February 1920 - Commander of the Crimean Corps (formerly 3rd AK)
- March 25, 1920 - Promoted to lieutenant general with appointment as commander of the 2nd Army Corps (formerly Crimean).
- August 1920 - After the inability to liquidate the Kakhovsky bridgehead of the Reds, supported by large-caliber guns of the TAON (Heavy Artillery for Special Purpose) of the Reds from the right bank of the Dnieper, he submitted his resignation.
- August 1920 - At the disposal of the Commander-in-Chief.
- August 18, 1920 - By order of General Wrangel, he received the right to be called “Slashchev-Krymsky”.
- November 1920 - As part of the Russian army, he was evacuated from Crimea to Constantinople.
He was fearless, constantly leading his troops to attack by personal example. He had nine wounds, the last of which, a concussion to the head, was received at the Kakhovsky bridgehead in early August 1920. He suffered many wounds practically on his feet. To reduce the unbearable pain from a wound in the stomach in 1919, which did not heal for more than six months, he began injecting himself with the painkiller morphine, then became addicted to cocaine, which is why he gained the “fame” of a drug addict...
After emigrating, he lived in Constantinople, vegetating in poverty and doing gardening. In Constantinople, Slashchev sharply and publicly condemned the Commander-in-Chief and his staff, for which, by the verdict of the court of honor, he was dismissed from service without the right to wear a uniform. In response to the court's decision, in January 1921 he published the book “I Demand the Court of Society and Glasnost. Defense and surrender of Crimea (Memoirs and documents).
Slashchev began to think about the wrongness of the white cause when his pregnant wife in the summer of 1920 fell into the hands of Dzerzhinsky’s security officers, who knew who she was, and was released by them back to the general across the front line, despite the threat of Trotsky’s protege, the commissar of the 13th Red Army, Rosalia Zemlyachka. shoot.
According to some reports, in 1920 Slashchev personally came to negotiate with the Reds in the Korsun monastery they occupied near Berislav and was freely released by the plenipotentiary commissar Dzerzhinsky.
The Chairman of the Cheka, Dzerzhinsky, treated Slashchev well; the Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army, Trotsky, hated him.
Having entered into negotiations with the Soviet authorities in Constantinople, he was granted amnesty. On November 21, 1921, together with the White Cossacks, he returned to Sevastopol, from where he traveled to Moscow in Dzerzhinsky’s personal carriage. He addressed the soldiers and officers of the Russian Army with an appeal to return to the USSR. In 1924 he published the book “Crimea in 1920. Excerpts from Memoirs.” Since June 1922 - teacher of tactics at the Shot command school.
On January 11, 1929, he was killed by Trotskyist Lazar Kolenberg in his room at school - allegedly out of revenge for his brother, who was hanged on the orders of Slashchev, although in time this murder coincides with a wave of repressions that fell on former officers of the White Army.
In Moscow, General Ya. A. Slashchev, one of the active participants in the white movement, who earned a very sad memory for his exceptional cruelty and recklessness, was killed in his apartment. Already in Crimea, Slashchev tried to replace General Wrangel at the head of the army, and then in Constantinople he published a well-known brochure in which he demanded a trial of the commander-in-chief (Wrangel). From Constantinople, Slashchev moved to Moscow, the Soviet government willingly forgave him for his sins against her and appointed him a professor at the Military Academy. However, he was unable to stay there due to the extremely hostile attitude of his listeners towards him. Slashchev was transferred to rifle-tactical courses for improving command personnel (the so-called “Vystrel”), where he remained until his last days as a lecturer, who managed to publish several works on military issues during his stay in the USSR. Slashchev’s residence in Moscow was carefully hidden. Recent reports from Berlin newspapers talk about the arrest of the killer, 24-year-old Kohlenberg, who said that he killed Slashchev for the shooting of his brother, committed by Slashchev in Crimea. Moscow claims that the murder was committed several days ago, but they did not immediately decide to report it. Slashchev's body was burned in a Moscow crematorium. Unschlicht and other representatives of the Revolutionary Military Council were present at the burning. (Newspaper "Rul", Berlin, January 16, 1929)
Subsequently, it will become clear whether he was killed by a hand that was truly guided by a sense of vengeance, or that was guided by the requirement of expediency and safety. After all, it is strange that the “avenger” for more than four years could not put an end to a man who did not hide behind the thickness of the Kremlin walls and in the labyrinth of the Kremlin palaces, but lived peacefully, without security, in his private apartment. And at the same time, it is understandable that during hours of noticeable shaking of the ground under one’s feet, it is necessary to eliminate a person known for his determination and mercilessness. Here it was necessary to really hurry up and quickly use both some kind of murder weapon and the oven of the Moscow crematorium, which could quickly destroy traces of the crime. (“For Freedom”, Warsaw, January 18, 1929)
