Information about the author of the article
Major Internal troops Vlasenko Valery Timofeevich. Born in 1949. He served in the Internal Troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs for 22 years, then served in the police. Total length of service: 35 years. Was on business trips in Nagorno-Karabakh and Chechnya.
First we need to remind you what the internal troops of the NKVD were like by 1937.
In 1937, the Main Directorate of Border and Internal Security (GUPVO NKVD) was renamed the Main Directorate of Border and Internal Troops of the NKVD of the USSR.
On February 2, 1939, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted the Resolution "On the reorganization of the management of border and internal troops", according to which the Main Directorate of Border and Internal Troops of the NKVD of the USSR was divided into six main departments:
- Headquarters border troops NKVD of the USSR;
- Main Directorate of the USSR NKVD troops for the protection of railway structures;
- Main Directorate of the USSR NKVD troops for the protection of particularly important industrial enterprises;
- Main Directorate of Convoy Troops of the NKVD of the USSR;
- Main Directorate of Military Supply of the NKVD of the USSR;
- Main Military Construction Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR.
November 20, 1939 By order of the NKVD of the USSR, the “Regulations on the escort troops of the NKVD of the USSR” were introduced. They carried out tasks of escorting persons in custody and provided external security for individual prisons. This Regulation provided for tasks for war time related to the escort and protection of prisoners of war.
I should note that the escort troops carried out their functions mixed with the paramilitary guards of the Gulag (VOKHR GULAG NKVD). Some places of detention were guarded by soldiers of convoy units, others by military personnel.
Below we will discuss the uniform and insignia:
-troops of the NKVD of the USSR for the protection of especially important industrial enterprises,
- NKVD troops for the protection of railway structures,
- NKVD escort troops.
In addition, before the start and in the first weeks of the war, several rifle divisions of the internal troops of the NKVD were formed, whose personnel, numbers, and weapons hardly differed from the rifle divisions of the Red Army. These divisions took part in battles at the front along with the divisions of the Red Army.
Note. The uniform and insignia of the NKVD border troops were no different from other NKVD troops, except that the buttonhole field was not maroon with crimson edging, but green with crimson edging. The caps also had different colors. Therefore, the article will not say anything about border troops. The reader just needs to keep in mind these differences between the border guards.
In the picture, servicemen of the NKVD troops in uniform model 1937. On the left is a Red Army soldier in summer uniform, in the center is an infantry lieutenant of the NKVD troops in winter uniform, on the right is a senior political instructor of the NKVD troops in a jacket.
So, below we will talk about uniforms and insignia:
-rifle units and formations of internal troops of the NKVD,
- units and divisions of the NKVD of the USSR for the protection of especially important industrial enterprises,
- units and divisions of the NKVD for the protection of railway structures,
- convoy units and divisions of the NKVD.
For all these units and formations, the uniform and insignia are exactly the same, and almost completely, with the exception of some elements and colors of the buttonholes, coincide with the uniform of the Red Army.
For brevity in the text, we will call them “NKVD troops.”
It should be noted that if in the NKVD troops all military personnel bore ranks and insignia identical to the army, then NKVD employees (various types of departments, institutions, etc.) bore ranks with the prefix either “...internal service” or "....state security." For example, “internal service captain”, “state security sergeant”. This means that the employee has this title only while he is working in the NKVD system and his title is, so to speak, “for internal use.” But a serviceman of the NKVD troops retains his rank in all cases in the same way as a serviceman of the Red Army. Simply put, the difference between a lieutenant of the Red Army and a lieutenant of the NKVD troops is only that one is subordinate to the NKO, and the second to the NKVD.
By a resolution of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated July 10, 1937, the personnel of the NKVD troops were transferred to the system of insignia adopted by the Red Army.
In pursuance of this resolution of the NKVD of the USSR, on July 15, 1937, Order No. 278 was issued, in accordance with which the following changes were introduced in the uniform:
Cap with a light blue crown instead of blue;
- in the previous color of the tunic, the collar and sleeve cuffs were trimmed with crimson piping;
- instead of a jacket, a jacket made of khaki woolen fabric with chest patch pockets and six fastener buttons was introduced; there was crimson piping on the collar and cuffs of the sleeves;
- the untucked trousers were now also khaki, and not dark blue.
The color of the buttonholes and the edging remained the same (maroon field and crimson edging), only the longitudinal strip in the center disappeared.
The maroon buttonholes of middle, senior and high command personnel did not have a colored edging, but were trimmed along the edge with narrow golden braid (3 mm wide), similar to the Red Army
The maroon buttonholes of the middle, senior and senior commanding personnel (political, technical, administrative and economic, medical, veterinary personnel, justice) had, like those of the junior commanding and commanding personnel and privates, a crimson edging.
The sizes of buttonholes on tunics and overcoats have decreased slightly compared to 1933:
the buttonholes on the tunic had the shape of a parallelogram, 10 cm long and 3.25 cm high;
The buttonholes on the overcoat were in the shape of a diamond with rounded concave upper sides with a buttonhole height of 11 cm and a width of 8.5 cm.
Insignia for junior command and command personnel from one to four triangles, 1x1cm in size, made of copper coated with dark red enamel.
Insignia for middle command and command personnel: two or three squares (commonly referred to as “cubes” or “cubes”), 1x1cm in size, made of copper coated with dark red enamel.
Badges of senior command and command staff from one to three rectangles (commonly called “sleepers”) made of copper measuring 1.6x0.7 cm, coated with dark red enamel.
The insignia for senior command and command personnel were diamonds 1.7 cm high and 0.8 cm wide, made of copper coated with dark red enamel; number from one to four diamonds.
Wearing the emblems of military branches and services in their buttonholes was mandatory for everyone except political personnel.
In the Red Army things were somewhat different. The main types of troops - infantry and cavalry - did not have emblems at all. Specialists - tank crews, signalmen, artillerymen, etc. - differed from the main branches of the military in their emblems.
Besides:
* middle, senior and senior command staff of the NKVD troops wore rank chevrons on the sleeves above the cuff (cuff) similar to those adopted in the Red Army,
*military-political personnel of the NKVD troops wore commissar stars on their sleeves above the cuff (one star regardless of rank),
*the rest of the middle, senior and highest command staff (technical, medical, veterinary, quartermaster (administrative and economic), legal) of the NKVD troops did not have any insignia on their sleeves.
From the author. The colors of the buttonholes and insignia of military personnel of the internal troops of the NKVD and employees of the NKVD bodies (and the GB bodies that were part of the NKVD system) were completely the same. The difference was that all military personnel of the NKVD troops wore emblems, including the main units - infantry and cavalry. But employees of the NKVD and state security agencies did not wear emblems. None. Like commissars in the army. But state security officers wore the 1935 GB badge on both sleeves above the elbow.
The emblems for the branches of the NKVD troops were installed as follows:
Here you should pay attention to the following points:
1. The emblems in the buttonholes are worn by all rank and file, command and command personnel, except for the military-political personnel.
2. All military-technical personnel in all branches of the military wear a single emblem “engineering and technical personnel”.
3.The emblem of doctors is golden, and that of veterinarians is silver. Everyone else's is golden.
4. The cavalry emblem is worn differently from how it will be worn in the Red Army cavalry when it is introduced there in 1943. In the cavalry of the NKVD troops, the emblem is with the hilts of the sabers up, and in the cavalry of the Red Army, the hilts of the sabers are down.
5. The famous infantry emblem was introduced into the NKVD troops in July 1937, and into the Red Army in July 1940.
6. The images of the emblems are taken from a secondary source and I could neither accurately date it nor refer to the document from which it was taken. Therefore, errors cannot be ruled out here.
Note from Veremeev Yu.G. I have never been able to find a single directive document from the government or NGO that introduced this emblem for the Red Army infantry. The only document is NKO order No. 226 dated July 26, 1940, where the infantry emblem is simply shown in the drawings of the new insignia as already existing. I am inclined to think that the NGO simply borrowed this emblem from the NKVD.
And please also pay attention - the NKVD infantry commanders and the Red Army infantry commanders wore almost the same buttonholes and exactly the same insignia (cubes, sleepers, diamonds). It is usually possible to distinguish between the crimson (Red Army) and maroon (NKVD troops) color of buttonholes only if you see them at the same time. And in black and white photographs of that time it is completely impossible to distinguish. A golden braid along the edge of the buttonholes was worn in both departments. Thus, if there is no exact dating of the photograph, it is absolutely impossible to determine who is in the picture - the infantry commander of the NKVD troops or the infantry commander of the Red Army. Therefore, the presence of this emblem in the buttonholes in photographs literally misleads everyone as to whether these emblems were in the Red Army or not.
Insignia for the ranks of private and junior command and command personnel since 1937:
1. Red Army soldier. Infantry of the NKVD troops.
2.Detached commander. Cavalry of the NKVD troops.
3. Junior platoon commander. Automotive units and units of the NKVD troops.
Note. The same emblem was worn by all car drivers in all units of the NKVD troops.
4. Foreman. Infantry of the NKVD troops.
From the author. Please note - these are military ranks of junior commanding officers of the NKVD troops, and not positions, as many believe. The fact that these titles sound similar to positions should not mislead anyone. For example, the rank of “junior platoon commander” was held by a serviceman who usually held the positions of “assistant platoon commander” or “commander of an independent (not part of the platoon) squad”, or “gun commander”, “commander of the ammunition department”.
For comparison - after all, with the introduction of personal military ranks in 1935, members of the senior command staff received ranks very similar to the names of the positions - brigade commander, division commander, corps commander, army commander.
Insignia of ranks of middle command and command personnel since 1937:
Command composition:
1. Junior lieutenant. Infantry of the NKVD troops.
2. Lieutenant. Cavalry of the NKVD troops.
3.Senior lieutenant. Armored units of the NKVD troops.
Notes:
The rank of junior lieutenant was introduced on August 20, 1937. by resolution of the Council of People's Commissars
The buttonholes do not have colored edging, but are trimmed with narrow gold braid (3mm)
Examples of senior management ranks are shown below:
4. Junior military technician.
Note - the buttonholes have a crimson edging, the buttonhole must have the emblem of the military-technical personnel, there are no sleeve insignia.
The rank of junior military technician was introduced by decree of the Council of People's Commissars on August 20, 1937.
A military technician of the 2nd rank had two dice, a military technician of the 1st rank had 3 dice.
5.Military paramedic.
Note - the buttonholes have a crimson edging, the buttonhole must have the emblem of the medical service (veterinarians have the emblem of the veterinary service), there are no sleeve insignia.
senior military paramedic - 3 cubes
6. Political instructor.
Note - the buttonholes have a crimson edging, there are no emblems in the buttonholes, the sleeve patch is a commissar's star.
On August 20, 1937, by decree of the Council of People's Commissars, the rank of junior political instructor was introduced (2 cubes in buttonholes).
Insignia of ranks of senior command and command personnel since 1937:
Senior command staff:
1.Captain. Infantry of the NKVD troops.
2. Major. Infantry of the NKVD troops.
3. Colonel. Cavalry of the NKVD troops.
Below are examples of senior command buttonholes:
4.Military engineer 3rd rank. Automobile units of the NKVD troops.
Notes: Emblem is not accurate. As a general rule, all military personnel were required to wear the emblem of the engineering personnel, but this rule was often violated,
A military engineer of the 2nd rank had 2 sleepers, and a military engineer of the 1st rank had 3 sleepers.
5. Military doctor 2nd rank.
A military doctor of the 3rd rank had 1 sleeper, and a military doctor of the 1st rank had 3 sleepers.
The same goes for veterinarians.
6. Regimental commissar.
The senior political instructor had 1 sleeper in his buttonholes, the battalion commissar had 2 sleepers.
Insignia of ranks of senior command and command personnel since 1937:
Command composition:
1. Brigade commander,
2nd Divisional Commander,
3-Komkor.
Note. In the NKVD troops the highest rank was corps commander.
Below are examples of command buttonholes:
4. Brigade engineer.
Note. The military-technical personnel had only two ranks - brigade engineer and divisional engineer. Accordingly, one or two diamonds.
5. Military doctor.
The military medical staff had two ranks - brigade doctor and division doctor. The military veterinary staff is a brigvet doctor and a division veterinary doctor.
6. Corps commissar.
Note. The senior military-political personnel, unlike the rest of the commanding personnel, had not two ranks, but three. In addition to the brigade commissar, the division commissar also had the title of corps commissar (this is not a mistake - it is “corps”, not “corps”).
Naturally, the highest military-economic personnel had the titles of brigintendant and divintendant, and the military-legal personnel had the titles of brigvoenurist and divintendant.
1940
In 1940, the scale of ranks of senior and senior command and control personnel changed slightly.
By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 7, 1940, new military ranks were introduced for the senior command staff of the Red Army to replace the ranks of division commander, corps commander, and army commander.
Accordingly, these changes are reflected in the NKVD troops.
However, changes in ranks are not made automatically, but by appropriate orders. As a rule, new titles were awarded to:
Divisional commander - major general,
Comcor - Lieutenant General.
Yesterday's brigade commanders, in the order of recertification, were assigned, depending on their position, either the rank of colonel or major general. However, this process dragged on and by the time the war began, there were still several brigade commanders in the NKVD troops who still wore one diamond in their buttonholes.
With regard to brigade commissars, the then head of the Main Political Directorate of the Red Army achieved a decision according to which the rank of “brigade commissar” was no longer awarded, but the existing brigade commissars retained their rank and insignia until they were assigned the next rank (divisional commissar). Thus, some brigade commissars carried their rank until the complete abolition of the scale of ranks of political workers in the fall of 1942.
In accordance with the changes in ranks, new insignia are also introduced. For the senior command staff of the NKVD troops (as well as in the Red Army), the shape of the buttonholes is now becoming the same on the overcoat, the jacket and the tunic. The field of buttonholes is maroon, the stars are metal or embroidered in golden color. Along the upper edge of the buttonholes there is a commander's gold braid 3 mm wide. The generals of the NKVD troops did not have emblems in their buttonholes.
The sleeves are similar to the chevrons of the Red Army generals. both major generals and lieutenant generals wear the same chevrons.
For the rest of the senior command staff, there were no changes in insignia compared to 1937. They continued to wear their diamonds in their buttonholes of the same shape.
From the author. Please note that the brigade level in 1940 was abolished only for command and military-political personnel. The ranks of brigengineer, brigintendant, brigdrach, brigvetvrach, brigvoenyurist and their insignia were preserved.
On July 26, 1940, by order of the USSR NKO No. 226, the ranks of “lieutenant colonel” and “senior battalion commissar” were introduced, and in connection with this, the insignia of senior command and command personnel was changed. now three sleepers are worn by the lieutenant colonel and the senior battalion commissar, and the colonel and regimental commissar each wear four sleepers.
On August 5, 1940, by order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 642, the order of the NKO of the USSR No. 226 of July 26, 1940 on changing the insignia was extended to the NKVD troops.
From Veremeev Yu.G. There is an interesting point here. Commanding officers with the ranks of military engineer 1st rank, quartermaster 1st rank, military doctor 1st rank, military veterinarian 1st rank, military officer 1st rank just as they wore three sleepers in their buttonholes until 1940, so they remained with three sleepers. In fact, nothing has changed at all, because... They were already considered a step below the colonel. But if previously they had as many sleepers on their buttonholes as the colonel, now it turned out that they had all been demoted in rank. There were a lot of grievances, to the point that many of them arbitrarily attached the fourth sleeper. The regimental commissars were pleased, because they now wore four sleepers and in this way they differed from quartermasters, engineers, and military doctors of the regimental level, i.e. their higher status, equal to the regiment commander, was clearly emphasized. But the battalion commissars were dissatisfied (especially those who were about to be awarded the next rank) due to the fact that between their rank and the coveted rank of regimental commissar another one was wedged in.
Insignia of middle and senior command personnel of the NKVD troops since July 1940:
1. Junior lieutenant. Infantry.
2. Lieutenant. Cavalry.
3.Senior lieutenant. Armored units.
4.Captain. Infantry.
5.Major. Infantry.
6. Lieutenant Colonel. Cavalry.
7.Colonel.Infantry.
Among the middle and senior commanding personnel, with the exception of the military-political personnel (3 sleepers - senior battalion commissar, and 4 sleepers - regimental commissar), the insignia did not change in 1940.
From the author. Please note the change in sleeve patches. Now these are gold braid sewn onto a red cloth chevron. The number and width of galloons depend on the rank. Major and lieutenant colonel have the same sleeve insignia.
And yet, these signs can only be called chevrons. Chevron means "angle" in French. Hence, only a patch in the shape of an angle can be called a chevron. Moreover, it does not matter where this patch is attached - on the sleeve, shoulder strap, headdress or on the chest. All other signs that do not have the shape of an angle are simply called stripes. Unfortunately, the general blatant ignorance in uniform design led to the fact that in post-Soviet times any sleeve stripes began to be called chevrons. Unfortunately, this illiteracy has also penetrated into regulatory official documents.
In November 1940, the names of the ranks of the junior command and command staff of the Red Army and, accordingly, the NKVD troops were radically changed. These ranks in the Red Army were announced by order of the NKO No. 391 of November 2, 1940, and by the NKVD troops and by order of the NKVD of November 5, 1940.
Naturally, the insignia also changes.
For the newly introduced rank of "corporal" the insignia was a horizontal red stripe on the overcoat buttonhole 1 cm wide, and 5 mm wide on the tunic buttonhole. In addition to triangles, all other junior command and command personnel also have the same stripe on their buttonholes.
The sergeant major additionally received gold 3rd trim on his buttonholes. a braid, however, unlike the middle and senior command staff, this braid was placed not instead of a crimson edging, but between it and the field of the buttonhole.
Insignia and ranks of private and junior command and command personnel:
1. Red Army soldier. Infantry of the NKVD troops.
2. Corporal. Infantry of the NKVD troops.
3.Junior sergeant. Infantry of the NKVD troops.
4. Sergeant. Cavalry of the NKVD troops.
5. Senior Sergeant. Automobile units and units of the NKVD troops. The same emblem was worn by all car drivers in all units of the NKVD troops,
6. Foreman. Cavalry of the NKVD troops.
From the author. It is worth focusing on the fact that the word “sergeant major” has always existed in our armed forces in two meanings - sergeant major as a military rank, and sergeant major as a position (company sergeant major, squadron sergeant major, artillery division sergeant major). And the position of unit sergeant major did not necessarily have to be occupied by a serviceman with the rank of sergeant major. He could have the rank of staff sergeant or sergeant. But a serviceman with the rank of foreman necessarily holds the position of company foreman or an equal position (for example, head of a radio station, head of a canteen). Or even higher. For example, the position of support platoon commander. During the war, when there was a shortage of officers, commanders of combat platoons, or even companies, were often appointed from among the sergeants. And usually they were given the rank of sergeant major.
Servicemen of the NKVD troops wore rank insignia of the 1940 model until the introduction of new uniforms and insignia (shoulder straps) in the winter of 1943.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in August 1941 (Order of the USSR NKO No. 253 dated August 1, 1941), field buttonholes of green color without edging and without braiding were introduced in the Active Army. Triangles, cubes, sleepers also turned green. However, in units not related to the Active Army, pre-war insignia were retained.
Thus, in the NKVD troops, field insignia actually switched to only in the rifle divisions of the NKVD troops, who fought at the front along with the Red Army divisions.
Distinguish a military man rifle division NKVD from a Red Army serviceman when both are wearing the same field insignia is completely impossible.
Note by Veremeev Yu.G. This is where the confusion with the famous infantry emblem (crossed rifles against a target background) widens. If in the infantry of the NKVD troops this emblem was introduced back in 1937 and was mandatory for everyone to wear, then in the infantry of the Red Army it appeared only in July 1940 (and even then in some strange way - the NKO order for its introduction is unknown, but in the NKO order No. 226 July 1940 it is only painted on the buttonholes of the Red Army infantry). Military personnel of the NKVD troops, in order to emphasize (considering service in the NKVD more honorable than in the Red Army) that they were from the NKVD system, and not NKOs, sought to retain their emblems even when their rifle division was withdrawn from the subordination of the NKVD and transferred to the Red Army .
Social networks are actively discussing an unusual costume, which is sold in the Moscow online store “Fair of Masters”: for $105.29 for Victory Day they are offering to buy the product “NKVD uniform, model 1943, for children.”
Human rights activist Olga Romanova was the first to draw attention to the announcement, writing about it on her Facebook page.
The set includes a tunic, riding breeches, and cap. Additionally, you can order a belt, holster, leather boots and other costume details. “The uniform is intended for military reenactments, role playing games, to celebrate Victory Day, theatrical performances, photo shoots", says the ad.
The product description says in all seriousness that such a new thing will allow for historical reconstructions and... (!!) ROLE GAMES.
We quote this masterpiece of marketing:
"Military uniform of an NKVD officer, model 1943, for boys. The set includes:
- a khaki-colored tunic with cornflower blue piping on the sleeves,
- dark blue breeches with cornflower blue piping,
- cap with a star
Additionally you can order:
- two-pin belt,
- holster,
- sword belt,
- leather boots,
- shoulder straps
The uniform is intended for military reenactments, role-playing games, Victory Day celebrations, theatrical performances, and photo shoots."
Photo caption - NKVD officer defending the Fatherland.
It would also be nice for all buyers to be given a reminder about from whom and how the NKVD soldiers defended the Fatherland. Among the terrible enemies of the Motherland was, for example, Misha Shamonin, who was shot at the Butovo training ground at the age of 13. And not just by mistake, but according to the law, which allowed the NKVD to imprison and kill children from the age of 12.
Misha Shamonin was shot at the Butovo training ground at the age of 13
For complete clarity, children of degenerates can be presented, along with the uniform, with a set of working tools of the “Defender of the Fatherland” from the NKVD - a light machine gun (for firing at friendly forces in barrage detachments), a hammer (for breaking fingers and other parts of the body during interrogations), a rubber apron and boots (so that enemy blood does not splatter your new uniform) and a flask with imitation vodka (this is for members of the firing squad playing “role-playing games”).
On the seller’s page you can buy other children’s costumes for Victory Day, for example, “children’s border guard uniform”, “military uniform for girls”, “USSR parachute helmet and glasses”, children’s padded jacket, uniform Marine Corps, Airborne Forces, children's beret of a border guard and much more.
In the comments to the product, users express surprise at why the store decided to sell “executioner uniforms.”
However, other buyers respond that “history is a complex thing, and it cannot be painted only in black and white.”
Why not sell Gestapo uniforms for children then?
In early February 1943, during the period of a radical turning point during the Great Patriotic War, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs filed a petition with the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to introduce new insignia to replace the existing ones - shoulder straps for NKVD personnel, including the police.
This was preceded by the introduction of new special ranks, the establishment of complete unity of command, and the assignment of special ranks to the command staff of political workers.
Simultaneously with the introduction of shoulder straps, the cut of the uniform was changed, and new ceremonial uniforms were introduced for all NKVD personnel.
The introduction of new insignia was one of the government's measures aimed at further strengthening discipline, unity of command, and increasing the role and authority of the NKVD command staff.
When establishing the model of these new insignia, the insignia of the Russian army that existed before 1917 was used.
IN post-war years a number of changes were made to the uniform, significantly improving appearance and the uniform of police officers.
All changes in uniforms were caused by the desire to improve its quality and the need to replace items of uniform that turned out to be impractical or did not correspond to the new conditions of service.
The decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the introduction of new insignia for the bodies and troops of the NKVD was announced by order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 103 of 02/11/1943.
By order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 104 of February 11, 1943. New special ranks were established for police personnel: police commissar 1st rank, police commissar 2nd rank and police commissar 3rd rank. For senior command personnel: police colonel, police lieutenant colonel, police major. For middle command personnel: police captain, senior police lieutenant, police lieutenant, junior police lieutenant. For junior commanding officers - police sergeant, senior police sergeant, police sergeant, junior police sergeant and senior policeman.
By order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 126 of February 18, 1943. New uniforms and insignia were introduced for police personnel. Insignia - shoulder straps - served to determine a special rank. The shoulder strap for police commissioners is made of braid of a special zigzag weave of silver color, the piping is turquoise. The zigzag shoulder straps have turquoise gaps. Stars on the shoulder straps of police commissars, embroidered in gold, the number corresponded to the special rank: for police commissars of the 1st rank - 3 stars, located in a row in the middle of the shoulder strap, for police commissars of the 2nd rank - 2 stars, and for police commissars of the 3rd rank - 1 star. The buttons on the shoulder straps are golden with a coat of arms. Shoulder strap dimensions: length - 14-16 cm, width - 6.5 cm.
For senior and mid-level police officers, the shoulder strap is made of braid or silver silk. The shoulder straps of the average command personnel have one gap and 13 mm gilded metal stars. The number of stars depends on the special rank. On the shoulder straps of senior command personnel there are two gaps and 16 mm gilded metal stars. The number of stars on the chase corresponded to the rank. On the shoulder straps of middle and senior command personnel there are uniform gilded buttons with the image of a hammer and sickle. The color of the edges and gaps is turquoise. Shoulder strap dimensions: length - 14-16 cm, width - 4 cm. Ensign
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Police Lieutenant |
Senior Lieutenant
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Police captain |
Police Major |
Police Lieutenant Colonel |
Police Colonel |
Policeman |
Senior policeman |
Lance Sergeant
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Police Sergeant |
Staff Sergeant
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Police sergeant |
Police cadet |
Senior Cadet
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Junior Cadet
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Cadet Sergeant
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Senior Cadet
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Cadet Sergeant Major
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Uniforms of junior commanding officers and police officers in cut and color, as well as the color of the buttonhole field, they correspond to the uniforms of command personnel (Table 64). Along the length of the buttonholes of junior commanding officers there is one longitudinal strip of silver galloon 6 mm wide. The buttonholes on police uniforms are clean. Tunics for junior command personnel and police officers according to the samples established in the Red Army, dark blue, with the allowance in wartime of khaki, steel and gray (Table 67). Overcoat of senior and middle command personnel - made of dark blue cloth or drape, gilded buttons with the image of a hammer and sickle; buttonholes are turquoise with dark blue edging (Table 63).
Overcoat of junior command personnel and police officers made of semi-rough dark blue cloth, white metal buttons with the image of a hammer and sickle. The buttonholes are turquoise with crimson edging (Table 63).
Trousers untucked for police commissioners by the color of the uniform and jacket. Pants are dark blue breeches. The edges and stripes are turquoise.
Trousers untucked and breeches for senior and middle command personnel - dark blue with turquoise edging. Bloomers for junior commanding officers and police officers are dark blue.
Caps. Police commissars' ceremonial cap made of dark blue cloth, turquoise band, red piping. On the front of the band there is embroidery in the form of silver-colored laurel branches and a filigree silver-colored chin strap. Casual cap without sewing, with silver filigree (Table 73).
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The same order announced the list of uniforms for police personnel (Appendix 13).
By order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 225 of March 29, 1943. It was established for the commanding staff of the State Traffic Inspectorate to wear on their shoulder straps the emblems of the engineering staff - “key and hammer”.
IN clarification of the OBSP GUM NKVD USSR No. 29/r1672 dated June 29, 1943 explanations were given regarding the imposition of encryption stencils on the shoulder straps of junior command personnel and police officers. The code for stenciling on shoulder straps was established only for private and junior command personnel of combat units, railway and water departments, and city police departments. On the shoulder straps of the railway police there was a code - a metal key with a hammer, and on the shoulder straps of the water police - a white anchor. Private and junior command staff of district police departments wore shoulder straps without a stencil. Shoulder straps made of silver braid of special weave with red edging, removable. The stars on the shoulder straps are golden-colored, embroidered. The buttonholes on the overcoat are longitudinal, red, edged with silver gimp embroidery, with large brass buttons at the end. On the collar, parallel to the colored piping, there is a silver double piping. At the front end of the collar there is embroidery in the form of a narrow silver laurel branch. Closed woolen jacket, blue, with two chest welt pockets, with a single-arm flap without fastener. The jacket has five brass buttons and a stand-up collar. Sewn-in sleeve with cuff. There is red piping along the collar and top of the cuff. Shoulder straps of the established pattern. In the summer, it was allowed to wear a white jacket with a cut similar to a blue jacket, but without edging (Table 83). Cap made of blue woolen fabric, band and piping made of red cloth. The visor is black, varnished. On the front above the visor there is a filigree strap made of silver truntal. Cockade of the established type. In summer, the cap was allowed to be worn with a white cover.
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For senior and middle commanding police officers, the following uniform was established:
Overcoat made of blue cloth, double-breasted, fastened with six large brass buttons arranged in two rows with the image of a five-pointed star with a hammer and sickle in the center. Sewn-in sleeve with cuff. Along the edge of the collar, along the side, cuffs, pocket flaps, posts, strap and vent there is a red cloth edging. (Table 78). The collar has red rectangular buttonholes with dark blue edging and large buttons sewn on.
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Trousers and breeches blue, with red piping on the side seams.
Cap made of blue woolen fabric, the band and piping are red. The visor and chin strap are black, lacquered. Cockade of the established type. Equipment brown leather with shoulder harness, brass two-pin buckle. In full dress uniform the shoulder belt was not worn.
In winter, a collar made of natural black cotton, edged with red cloth, was attached to the commander's overcoat. The following uniform is established for private and sergeant police officers:
Overcoat in cut and color it is similar to the overcoat of senior and middle command personnel. For winter, a fur collar made of natural black tsigeika fur with a red edging was attached to the overcoat. On the reverse side of the collar, buttonholes of the established color and pattern were sewn. Cap, hat and breeches are also similar to the specified items of uniform for senior and middle command personnel.
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Policeman |
Senior policeman |
Lance Sergeant
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Police Sergeant |
Staff Sergeant
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Police sergeant |
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Police cadet |
Senior Cadet |
Junior Cadet
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Cadet Sergeant
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Senior Cadet
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Cadet Sergeant Major
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In the summer, rank and file were allowed to wear a tunic and a summer officer's jacket. By order of the USSR MGB No. 0155 of October 30, 1950. a uniform uniform was announced for all officers and rank and file of the police Soviet Union. By order of the USSR MGB No. 15 of January 17. 1953 The red garus revolver cord for privates and junior police officers was removed from supply. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 193 The red edging on the overcoats of commanding and rank-and-file police officers, except for police commissars, was abolished.
By order of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 193 of March 27. 1956 in order to improve the supply of police officers, establish uniformity of uniform, and strengthen the responsibility of employees for careful and careful attitude to their uniform, transport police, traffic control departments, and traffic safety services, a uniform was established that was common to the entire police force. By order of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs No. 437 of June 12. 1957 Sleeve insignia have been installed for the personnel of ORUD, OBD and transport police.
The sleeve insignia was a rhombus measuring between opposite corners: vertically - 50 mm, horizontally - 90 mm. A metal letter is attached to the center of the diamond yellow color 23 mm high: for personnel of ORUD (traffic control department) and OBD (traffic safety department) - “R”, transport police - “T”. The diamond was made of dark blue fabric with red trim.
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MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION SSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORMS BY SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY SERVANTS Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 250 Section I. BASIC PROVISIONS Section II. UNIFORM OF SOVIET ARMY SERVANTS. Chapter 1. Uniform of marshals and generals Soviet army Chapter 2. Uniform of officers, warrant officers and long-term servicemen of the Soviet Army Chapter 3. Uniform of clothing
MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION SSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORMS BY SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY SERVANTS Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 250 Section I. BASIC PROVISIONS Section II. UNIFORM OF SOVIET ARMY SERVANTS. Chapter 1. Uniform of Marshals of the Soviet Union, army generals, marshals of military branches and generals of the Soviet Army Chapter 2. Uniform of officers, warrant officers and long-term military personnel
MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION SSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORMS BY SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY SERVANTS Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 191 Section I. GENERAL PROVISIONS Section II. MILITARY UNIFORM Chapter 1. Uniform of Marshals of the Soviet Union, marshals of military branches and generals of the Soviet Army Chapter 2. Uniform of officers and sergeants of long-term service of the Soviet Army Chapter 3. Uniform of female officers
MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION SSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORMS BY SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY SERVICEMEN in peacetime I. GENERAL PROVISIONS II. MILITARY UNIFORMS Uniforms of marshals of the Soviet Union, marshals of military branches and generals of the Soviet Army Uniforms of admirals and generals of the Navy Uniforms of officers of the Soviet Army Uniforms of female officers of the Soviet Army
MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE USSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORM BY SERGEANTS, Sergeants-Major, SOLDIERS, SAILORS, CADETS AND TRAINERS OF THE SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY IN PEACETIME Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR. General provisions. Uniform for long-term service sergeants. Uniform for conscript sergeants and long-term and conscript soldiers. Uniform for military school cadets. Suvorov students' clothing uniform
MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE USSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORM BY MARSHALS OF THE SOVIET UNION, ADMIRALS OF THE SOVIET UNION FLEET, MARSHALS, GENERALS, ADMIRALS AND OFFICERS OF THE SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY FOR PEACETIME Order of the Minister of Defense USSR. General provisions. Uniforms of marshals of the Soviet Union, marshals of military branches and generals ground forces Uniforms of marshals and generals air force Dress
NAVAL MINISTRY OF THE UNION OF THE USSR RULES FOR WEARING NAVAL UNIFORM, ORDERS AND MEDALS BY MILITARY SERVANTS OF THE NAVAL FORCES. NAVAL PUBLISHING HOUSE OF THE NAVAL MINISTRY OF THE UNION OF THE USSR. Moscow-1952 Order of the Naval Minister of the USSR Chapter I General provisions Chapter II Types of naval uniforms and their use Chapter III On wearing items of naval uniform Chapter IV Wearing sportswear and civilian clothes
Continuity and innovation in modern military heraldry The first official military heraldic sign was established on January 27, 1997 by Presidential Decree Russian Federation the emblem of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the form of a golden double-headed eagle with outstretched wings holding a sword in its paws, as the most common symbol of the armed defense of the Fatherland, and a wreath a symbol of the special importance, significance and honor of military labor. This emblem was established to indicate ownership
Military uniform of the Soviet Army - items of uniform and equipment of military personnel of the Soviet Army, formerly called the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and the Red Army, as well as the Rules for wearing them in the period from 1918 to 1991, established by the highest government bodies for the personnel of the Soviet Army. Article 1. Right to wear military uniform military personnel on active military service in the Soviet Army and Navy, Suvorovites,
The military uniform, which includes all items of uniform, equipment, and insignia established by the highest government bodies for the personnel of the state’s armed forces, not only makes it possible to determine the affiliation of military personnel to the types and branches of the military, but also to distinguish them by military rank. The uniform disciplines military personnel, unites them into a single military team, helps to improve their organization and strict performance of military duties.
Oleg Volkov, senior reserve lieutenant, former commander of the T-55 tank, gunner of the 1st class gun. We have been waiting for her for so long. Three long years. They waited from the very minute they exchanged their civilian clothes for soldier's uniforms. All this time she came to us in our dreams, during breaks between exercises, shooting at firing ranges, studying materiel, outfits, drill training and other numerous army duties. We are Russians, Tatars, Bashkirs, Uzbeks, Moldovans, Ukrainians,
1. KACK TRAVELING EQUIPMENT OF A FIGHTER - INFANTRY RIFLE The marching equipment of Fig. 5-9 of the fighter - infantry shooter is divided into a full camping equipment, when all the equipment is taken with you, including a backpack with a rack, and b Assault, when a backpack with a rack of wearables no reserves are taken. ASSEMBLY AND FITTING ASSAULT EQUIPMENT Put the following items on the waist belt in sequence order, winding them up
INSTRUCTIONS FOR FITTING, ASSEMBLY AND SAVING UNIFIED MARKING EQUIPMENT OF THE RKKA MANAGEMENT STAFF order of the USSR RVS 183 1932 1. General provisions 1. The uniform equipment of the command personnel of the ground and air forces of the Red Army is supplied for supply in one size, designed for the greatest growth of the command personnel and wear on top overcoats and warm workwear, leather clothing, fur clothing with waist and shoulder belts in three sizes 1
MAIN QUARTERMAN DIRECTORATE OF THE RED ARMY INSTRUCTIONS FOR LAYING, FIT, ASSEMBLY AND WEARING MARKING EQUIPMENT OF THE RED ARMY INFANTRY FIGHTER MILITARY PUBLISHING DATE NPO USSR - 1941 CONTENTS I. General provisions II. Types of equipment and composition of the kit III. Equipment fit IV. Stowing equipment V. Making an overcoat roll VI. Assembling equipment VII. Procedure for donning equipment VIII. Instructions for operating equipment IX.
So, the unloading system of the Soviet motorized rifle of the 1950 model is a system of a field belt and a soldier’s field belt for conveniently carrying equipment when performing combat training missions. In common parlance it is called unloading. The field belt is canvas, covered with brown polystyrene and has a galvanized buckle, sometimes mistakenly called a construction battalion belt, but this is incorrect - this is a field belt model 1950. The soldier's belt consists of
1 Uniform of junior command, junior commanding and enlisted personnel of the Red Army Air Force, 1936. Summer casual uniform 1. Cap 2. Rolled overcoat 3. Tunic 4. Summer bloomers 5. Boots or boots with leggings 6. Waist belt Winter casual uniform 1. Dark gray cloth helmet 2. Overcoat 3. Tunic 4. Cloth trousers
Each army has its own system of military ranks. Moreover, rank systems are not something frozen, established once and for all. Some titles are abolished, others are introduced. Those who are at all seriously interested in the art of war and science need to know not only the entire system of military ranks of a particular army, but also to know how the ranks of different armies relate, what ranks of one army correspond to the ranks of another army. There is a lot of confusion in the existing literature on these issues,
Private 1939 Private Infantry 1939 At the start of World War II, the Soviet Union had the largest army in Europe, estimated at 1.8 million. Supplying such a mass of people with uniforms and equipment was a truly monumental task, and so government factories could only maintain tried and tested methods that guaranteed a steady supply. As a result, the majority of Soviet soldiers wore uniforms
Lieutenant 1941 Air Force Lieutenant 1941 This fighter pilot wears a pre-war leather flight coat and flight helmet. Pay attention to the insignia on the buttonholes. Junior officers wore red enamel squares, lieutenant two squares, and a propeller with wings emblem. By the time the Germans invaded the territory of the USSR, the Red Army Air Force was experiencing a painful reorganization; the commanders tried to find
Sailor 1939 Navy Sailor 1939 The uniform of the USSR Navy as a whole differed little from the clothing of sailors of other countries, although it had two distinctive features. Firstly, only in the Soviet Navy did senior officers wear a traditional uniform with a cap, and secondly, the naval uniform combined blue and black colors. The officers wore a black uniform, which included a cap, jacket with a white shirt and black
Front-line soldier Corporal 1 in a 1943 model uniform. Rank insignia from the buttonholes was transferred to shoulder straps. The SSh-40 helmet became widespread since 1942. At about the same time, submachine guns began to arrive in large quantities to the troops. This corporal is armed with a 7.62 mm Shpagin submachine gun - PPSh-41 - with a 71-round drum magazine. Spare magazines in pouches on the waist belt next to a pouch for three hand grenades. In 1944, along with the drum
Military uniform is clothing established by rules or special decrees, the wearing of which is mandatory for any military unit and for each branch of the military. The form symbolizes the function of its wearer and his affiliation with the organization. The stable phrase honor of the uniform means military or generally corporate honor. Even in the Roman army, soldiers were given the same weapons and armor. In the Middle Ages, it was customary to depict the coat of arms of a city, kingdom or feudal lord on shields,
In the North Caucasus, three types of Cossack units were stationed and carried out military service: Terek, Kuban and Don. In 1936 By order of the USSR NKO 67, a special dress uniform was established for these units. For the Terek and Kuban Cossacks it consisted of a kubanka, a beshmet, a Circassian coat with a hood, a burka, trousers and Caucasian boots. Don Cossacks as exit uniform they wore a hat, a Cossack jacket, trousers and boots.
Camouflage clothing appeared in the Red Army back in 1936, although experiments began 10 years earlier, but became widespread only during the war. Initially, these were camouflage suits and capes of spotted color with spots in the shape of amoebas and were unofficially called amoeba in four color schemes: summer, spring-autumn, desert and for mountainous regions. In a separate row are white camouflage coats for winter camouflage. Much more mass produced.
Types of fabrics used for sewing uniforms of the Red Army. Name, article Fabric composition Color Application Diagonal merino art. 1408 khaki wool, steel, dark and light blue uniforms, jackets and breeches of generals Gabardine merino art. 1311 khaki wool, steel, dark and light blue uniforms, tunics and breeches of generals
In the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army, in the summer they wore ankle boots, or boots, and in the cold winter they were given felt boots. In winter, senior command personnel could wear burka winter boots. The choice of shoes depended on the rank of the serviceman; officers were always entitled to boots and on the position they held. Before the war, many improvements and changes took place in the field
Summer uniform of the Red Army for the period 1940-1943. SUMMER GYMNASTER FOR COMMAND AND MANAGEMENT STAFF OF THE RED ARMY Introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR 005 of February 1, 1941. The summer tunic is made of khaki cotton fabric with a turn-down collar fastened with one hook. At the ends of the collar, khaki-colored buttonholes with insignia are sewn. The gymnast has a chest plate with a clasp
Winter uniform of the Red Army 1940-1945. OVERCOAT Introduced by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR 733 dated December 18, 1926. Single-breasted overcoat made of gray overcoat cloth. Turn-down collar. Concealed clasp with five hooks. Welt pockets without flaps. Sleeves with stitched straight cuffs. At the back, the fold ends in a vent. The strap is fastened to the posts with two buttons. The overcoat for command and control personnel was introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR
PILOT Introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR 176 of December 3, 1935. The cap for command personnel is made of woolen fabric, similar to the French tunic. The color of the cap for the command staff of the air force is blue, for the command staff of the auto-armored forces it is steel, for all others it is khaki. The cap consists of a cap and two sides. The cap is made on a cotton lining, and the sides are made of two layers of main fabric. Front
Order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR 005 dated February 1, 1941 introduced a new Standard List of items of clothing that make up the clothing of junior commanders and rank and file of the Red Army for summer and winter in peacetime and war. FOR EMPLOYEES IN SUMMER IN PEACETIME I. Uniform 1. Khaki cloth cap. 2. Khaki cotton cap only in combat units for field training. 3. Gray cloth overcoat
The clothing of military personnel is established by decrees, orders, rules or special regulations. Wearing a naval uniform is mandatory for military personnel of the state armed forces and other formations where military service is provided. In the Russian armed forces there are a number of accessories that were in the naval uniform of the times of the Russian Empire. These include shoulder straps, boots, long overcoats with buttonholes
TABLE OF RANKS USSR MILITARY SERVICE 1935-1945 1935 1 By the Decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated September 22, 1935, on the introduction of personal military ranks of the commanding staff of the Red Army and on the approval of the regulations on serving as command and command personnel of the Red Army for military personnel of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, command and special military ranks of commander were established composition Military ranks of command and control personnel of land and air forces
By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic 572 of April 3, 1920, sleeve insignia of the Red Army were introduced. Detailed analysis history of patches and chevrons of the Red Army of all periods in the Voenpro material. Introduction of sleeve insignia of the Red Army stages, features, symbolism Distinctive sleeve insignia are used to identify military personnel of certain branches of the military. To better understand the specifics of the sleeve insignia of the Red Army and the chevrons of the Red Army, we recommend
Black Death This is how German soldiers during World War 2 called the Soviet marines dressed in black pea coats. And the Germans perceived the incomprehensible battle cry of the half-under as fall under. When the Marines were dressed in a combined arms uniform, the soldiers kept their vests and caps and went into the attack wide open and wearing bellies, biting the ribbons in their teeth. Let the enemies see who they are dealing with. History of the Marine Corps Already in the second half of the 16th century, as part of ship crews
The first mass-produced Soviet steel helmet, the SSh-36, appeared in the Red Army in 1936, and by the end of the year it became obvious that it had a lot of shortcomings. The most important of them were the fragility of steel and low bullet resistance in bending areas. Attempts to improve the helmet led to the appearance of a number of experimental models, some of which underwent military testing. Red Army soldiers at the parade wearing steel helmets SSh-36. http forum.guns.ru In June
Metal helmets, widely used in the armies of the world long before our era, XVIII century have lost their protective significance due to the massive proliferation of firearms. By the time of the Napoleonic Wars in European armies, they were used primarily in heavy cavalry as protective equipment. Throughout the 19th century, military hats protected their owners, at best, from cold, heat or precipitation. The return to service of steel helmets, or
The abundance of uniforms and equipment accepted for supply in the Red Army led to the fact that tankers, even within the same military unit or unit, could be equipped differently. The commanders of the light tanks of the Red Army and the Wehrmacht shown in the photo look like thousands of tankers looked on the first day of the war. Whenever possible, the most common variants of uniforms and equipment are indicated in the descriptions, but, of course, the material cannot claim to be exhaustive.
The image shows two Red Army infantrymen, a Red Army soldier on June 22, 1941, and a victorious sergeant on May 9, 1945. Even from the photo you can see how uniforms and equipment were simplified over time; some turned out to be too expensive to manufacture in wartime, some did not catch on, some were not liked by the soldiers and were removed from supply. On the contrary, individual elements of equipment were spied on by the enemy or taken as trophies. It's not all about item placement
Afghanka is a slang name used by some military personnel to name a set of field summer winter uniforms for military personnel Armed Forces USSR, and later the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and CIS countries. The field one was later used as an everyday uniform due to poor supply of military uniforms for the military personnel of the Soviet Army and the USSR Navy, marines, coastal missile and artillery troops and the naval air force, in the initial period it was used in SAVO and OKSVA
Until the end of the 70s, the field uniform of the KGB PV was not much different from that of the Soviet Ground Army. Unless it’s green shoulder straps and buttonholes, and the more frequent and widespread use of KLMK camouflage summer camouflage suit. At the end of the 70s, in terms of the development and implementation of special field uniforms, some changes occurred, which resulted in the appearance of summer and winter field suits of a hitherto unusual cut. 1.
In 1985, by Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 145-84, a new field uniform was introduced, the same for all categories of military personnel, which received the common name Afghanka. The first units and units located on the territory of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan received it. In 1988 In 1988, Order of the USSR Ministry of Defense 250 dated March 4, 1988 introduced the wearing of a dress uniform by soldiers, sergeants and cadets without a jacket in a green shirt. From left to right
From left to right Summer parade of marshals and generals except the Air Force - for the formation. The winter parade of marshals and generals except the Air Force is out of order. Summer parade of marshals and generals of the Air Force - for and out of formation. Summer ceremonial dress for marshals and generals in the Air Force - blue cap and trousers. Summer casual for marshals and generals - out-of-order trousers. Summer field marshals and generals
Official insignia of the Red Army military personnel of 1919-1921. With the coming of the Russian Communist Party to power in November 1917, the new leaders of the country, based on the thesis of K. Marx about replacing the regular army with the universal armament of the working people, began active work to eliminate the imperial army of Russia. In particular, on December 16, 1917, by the decrees of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars on the elective beginning and organization of power in the army and on the equal rights of all military personnel, all military ranks were abolished
Insignia of Red Army military personnel by rank, 1935-40. The period under consideration covers the time from September 1935 to November 1940. By the Decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated September 22, 1935, personal military ranks were established for all military personnel, which strictly correlated with the positions held. Each position has a specific title. A serviceman may have a rank lower than that specified for a given position, or corresponding. But he can't get
Insignia and buttonholes of the Red Army 1924-1943. The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army is abbreviated as the RKKA, the term Soviet Army SA appeared later, the beginning of the Second World War, oddly enough, was met in a military uniform of the 1925 model. The People's Commissariat of Defense, by its order of December 3, 1935, introduced new uniforms and insignia. The old official ranks were partially retained for military-political, military-technical.
PERSONAL MILITARY RANKS OF MILITARY SERVANTS 1935-1945 PERSONAL MILITARY RANKS OF MILITARY SERVANTS OF THE GROUND AND SEA FORCES OF THE RKKA 1935-1940 Introduced by resolutions of the Council of People's Commissars 2590 for the ground and air forces of the Red Army and 2591 for the naval forces of the Red Army KKA dated September 22, 1935. Announced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense 144 of September 26, 1935. Rank and command personnel Political composition
On January 6, 1943, shoulder straps were introduced in the USSR for personnel of the Soviet Army. Initially, shoulder straps had a practical meaning. With their help, the belt of the cartridge bag was held on. Therefore, at first there was only one shoulder strap, on the left shoulder, since the cartridge bag was worn on the right side. In most of the world's navies, shoulder straps were not used, and rank was indicated by stripes on the sleeve; sailors did not wear a cartridge bag. In Russia shoulder straps
Uniforms of the Red Army Headdresses of the Red Army Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia
This attribute of military equipment has earned its rightful place among others, thanks to its simplicity, unpretentiousness and, most importantly, complete irreplaceability. The name helmet itself comes from the French casque or from the Spanish casco skull, helmet. If you believe the encyclopedias, then this term refers to a leather or metal headdress used to protect the head by military and other categories of persons operating in dangerous conditions by miners,
Title From Bogatyrka to Frunzevka There is a version in journalism that Budenovka was developed back in the First world war In such helmets, the Russians were supposed to march in a victory parade through Berlin. However, no confirmed evidence of this has been found. But the documents clearly show the history of the competition for the development of uniforms for the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. The competition was announced on May 7, 1918, and on December 18, the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic approved a sample of a winter headdress - a helmet,
June 3, 1946 in accordance with the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, signed by J.V. Stalin, the Airborne Troops were withdrawn from the Air Force and subordinated directly to the Ministry of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Paratroopers at the November 1951 parade in Moscow. The sleeve insignia on the right sleeve of those walking in the first rank is visible. The resolution ordered the Chief of Logistics of the USSR Armed Forces, together with the Commander of the Airborne Forces, to prepare proposals
The emblem of the Airborne Forces - in the form of a parachute surrounded by two aircraft - is known to everyone. It became the basis for the subsequent development of all symbols of airborne units and formations. This sign is not only an expression of the serviceman’s belonging to the winged infantry, but also a kind of symbol of the spiritual unity of all paratroopers. But few people know the name of the author of the emblem. And this was the work of Zinaida Ivanovna Bocharova, a beautiful, intelligent, hardworking girl who worked as a leading draftsman at the headquarters of the Airborne Forces
Backpack of a Red Army soldier 1. BACK MARKING EQUIPMENT OF A FIGHTER - INFANTRY RIFLE Marching equipment Fig. 5-9 of a fighter - infantry arrow is divided into a full traveling equipment, when all the equipment is taken with you, including a backpack with a layout, and b Assault, when a backpack It is not taken into account when laying out portable supplies. ASSEMBLY AND FITTING ASSAULT EQUIPMENT Put the following items on the waist belt in order of sequence:
INSTRUCTIONS FOR FITTING, ASSEMBLY AND SAVING UNIFIED MARKING EQUIPMENT OF THE RKKA MANAGEMENT STAFF order of the USSR RVS 183 1932 1. General provisions 1. The uniform equipment of the command personnel of the ground and air forces of the Red Army is supplied for supply in one size, designed for the greatest growth of the command personnel and wear on top overcoats and warm workwear, leather uniforms, fur clothing with waist and shoulder belts in three sizes 1 size, namely 1 Equipment
From buttonholes to shoulder straps P. Lipatov Uniforms and insignia of the ground forces of the Red Army, internal troops of the NKVD and border troops during the Great Patriotic War The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army entered the Second World War in a uniform of the 1935 model. Around the same time, they acquired their usual We see the appearance of Wehrmacht soldiers. In 1935, by order of the People's Commissariat of Defense of December 3, new uniforms and insignia were introduced for all personnel of the Red Army
The Soviet system of insignia is unique. This practice cannot be found in the armies of other countries of the world, and it was, perhaps, the only innovation of the communist government; the rest of the order was copied from the rules of the army insignia of Tsarist Russia. The insignia of the first two decades of the existence of the Red Army were buttonholes, which were later replaced by shoulder straps. The rank was determined by the shape of the figures: triangles, squares, rhombuses under a star,
They do not emit a warlike roar, they do not sparkle with a polished surface, they are not decorated with embossed coats of arms and plumes, and quite often they are generally hidden under jackets. However, today, without this armor, unsightly in appearance, it is simply unthinkable to send soldiers into battle or ensure the safety of VIPs. Body armor is clothing that prevents bullets from penetrating the body and, therefore, protects a person from shots. It is made from materials that dissipate
In the last century, during the Soviet Union, there was a highest rank of generalissimo. However, during the entire existence of the Soviet Union, not a single person was awarded this title except Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. The proletarian people themselves asked for this man to be awarded the highest military rank for all his services to the Motherland. This happened after the unconditional surrender fascist Germany in 1945. Soon the working people asked for such an honor
We will have to start the story about the introduction of insignia in the Soviet army with some general questions. In addition, a short excursion into the history of the Russian state will be useful so as not to formulate empty references to the past. The shoulder straps themselves represent a kind of product that is worn on the shoulders to indicate a position or rank, as well as the type of military service and service affiliation. This is done in several ways: attaching strips, sprockets, making gaps, chevrons.
The era, a couple of decades long, which begins after the Bolsheviks came to power, was marked by numerous changes in the life of the once former Empire. The reorganization of almost all structures of peaceful and military activities turned out to be a rather lengthy and controversial process. In addition, from the course of history we know that immediately after the revolution, Russia was overwhelmed by a bloody civil war, which was not without intervention. It is difficult to imagine that initially the ranks
The entire period of the existence of the USSR can be divided into several stages based on various epoch-making events. Typically, changes in political life states are leading to a number of fundamental changes, including in the army. The pre-war period, which is limited to 1935-1940, went down in history as the birth of the Soviet Union, and special attention should be paid not only to the state of the material part of the armed forces, but also to the organization of the hierarchy in management. Before the beginning of this period there was
Even during World War II, squads of Marines struck terror into German soldiers. Since then, the latter have been given a second name: black death or black devils, indicating inevitable reprisals against those who encroach on the integrity of the state. Perhaps this nickname has something to do with the fact that the infantryman wore a black peacoat. Only one thing is known for certain: if the enemy is afraid, then this is already the lion’s share of victory, and, as you know, the motto is considered a symbol of the Marine Corps
Considering all the stages of the creation of the Russian armed forces, it is necessary to dive deeply into history, and although not during the time of the principalities we're talking about about the Russian Empire and even more so about the regular army, the emergence of such a concept as defense capability begins precisely from this era. In the 13th century, Rus' was represented by separate principalities. Although their military squads were armed with swords, axes, spears, sabers and bows, they could not serve as reliable protection against outside attacks. United Army
Even before the First World War, a uniform appeared in the Russian army, consisting of khaki trousers, a tunic shirt, an overcoat and boots. We have seen it more than once in films about the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. Soviet uniform from World War II. Since then, several uniform reforms have been carried out, but they mainly affected only the dress uniform. The piping, shoulder straps, and buttonholes in the uniforms changed, but the field uniform remained virtually unchanged.
Bodies and Internal Troops of the NKVD 1935-1937. Let me remind you that over the years of its existence the Internal Troops have undergone numerous reorganizations, renamings, etc. With the creation immediately after the October 1917 coup of the Council of People's Commissars, the Council of People's Commissars was immediately created as one of the thirteen people's commissariats, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Russian Republic of the NKVD. Then it became known as the NKVD of the RSFSR. Then, as the union republics were formed, they added
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army entered the Second World War in a 1935-style uniform. Around the same time, the Wehrmacht soldiers acquired their familiar appearance. In 1935, by order of the People's Commissariat of Defense of December 3, new uniforms and insignia were introduced for all personnel of the Red Army. The previous official ranks by category were abolished, personal ranks were established for commanders, while the old ones were partially retained for military-political, military-technical,
The Red Army used two types of buttonholes: everyday color and field protective. There were also differences in the buttonholes of the command and command staff, so that the commander could be distinguished from the chief. Field buttonholes were introduced by order of the USSR NKO 253 of August 1, 1941, which abolished the wearing of colored insignia for all categories of military personnel. It was ordered to switch to buttonholes, emblems and insignia of completely green khaki color
Soviet mountain riflemen in an ambush. Caucasus. 1943 Based on the significant combat experience gained during the Great Patriotic War, the Main Directorate of Combat Training of the GUBP Ground Forces of the Red Army took up a radical solution to the issues of providing the latest weapons and equipment to the Soviet infantry. In the summer of 1945, a meeting was held in Moscow to discuss all the problems facing combined arms commanders. At this meeting, presentations were made by
Various types of small arms and bladed weapons that were in service with the partisans. Captured weapons of the partisans. Various independent modifications of Soviet and captured weapons. Actions of the partisans behind enemy lines; damage to power lines, posting propaganda leaflets, reconnaissance, destruction of traitors. Ambushes behind enemy lines, destruction of enemy columns and manpower, Explosions of bridges and railway tracks, methods
As a result of the adoption of two decrees on December 15, 1917, the Council of People's Commissars abolished all ranks and military ranks in the Russian army remaining from the previous regime. The period of formation of the Red Army. The first insignia. Thus, all soldiers of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, organized as a result of the order of January 15, 1918, no longer had any uniform military uniform, as well as special insignia. Nevertheless, in the same year, a badge was introduced for soldiers of the Red Army
Red Army insignia, 1917-24. 1. Infantry sleeve badge, 1920-24. 2. Armband of the Red Guard 1917. 3. Sleeve patch of the Kalmyk cavalry units of the South-Eastern Front, 1919-20. 4. Chest sign Red Army, 1918-22. 5. Sleeve insignia of the convoy guards of the Republic, 1922-23. 6. Sleeve insignia of the internal troops of the OGPU, 1923-24. 7. Sleeve insignia of armored units of the Eastern Front, 1918-19. 8. Commander's sleeve patch
Based on accepted norms, detailed regulations were prepared in secret on the supply of clothing to the army fighting fighting. On June 30, 1941, hastily finalized in connection with Germany's unexpected attack on the USSR, this information was announced by a circular from the chief quartermaster for the information of the entire Red Army. However, at this moment, the first priority was not supplying the front, but rescuing front-line supplies from those areas where the troops were retreating. The beginning of the war turned out to be
Red Army uniforms 1918-1945 are the fruit of the joint efforts of a group of enthusiastic artists, collectors, researchers who give their all free time and funds in tribute to one common idea for them. Recreating the realities of the era that troubles their hearts makes it possible to get closer to a truthful perception of the central event of the 20th century, World War II, which undoubtedly continues to have a serious impact on modern life. Decades of deliberate distortion our people have endured
We continue to talk about the uniform of the Red Army. This publication will focus on the period 1943-1945, that is, the very height of the Great Patriotic War, and attention will be paid to the changes in the uniform of the Soviet soldier that occurred in 1943. An Air Force senior sergeant with his father, who is a major. Winter and summer uniforms, 1943 and later. The winter tunic looks neat and clean, the summer one looks dirty
In the first days. that followed the Great October Revolution Socialist revolution In 1917, the Bolsheviks began forming armed detachments from manual labor proletarians, sailors of the Tsarist Navy and deserters of the Imperial Russian Army. These units became known as the Red Guard. The official date of the creation of the Red Army is considered to be February 23, 1918. Until 1946, the armed forces were officially called the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. Red Army, since 1946 Soviet Army.
Commanders Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov Born on February 12, 1900 in Serebryanye Prudy, near Venev, Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov was the son of a peasant. From the age of 12 he worked as a saddler's apprentice, and when he turned 18 he joined the Red Army. In 1918, during the Civil War, he participated in the defense of Tsaritsyn and later Stalingrad, and in 1919 he joined the CPSU and was appointed regiment commander. In 1925, Chuikov graduated Military Academy them. M.V. Frunze, then participated
Bodies and Internal Troops of the NKVD 1935-1937.
Let me remind you that over the years of its existence the Internal Troops have undergone numerous reorganizations, renamings, etc.
With the creation immediately after the October 1917 coup of the Council of People's Commissars (SNK), the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Russian Republic (NKVD) was immediately created as one of the thirteen people's commissariats.
Then it became known as the NKVD of the RSFSR.
Then, as the union republics were formed, the NKVD of the union republics was added in parallel.
Only in 1934 was a single union People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR formed.
So, 06/10/1934. The People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR (NKVD) was formed, which included former troops of the Cheka-GPU-OGPU.
The uniform of the NKVD officers, border guards and internal security personnel remained the same (adopted back in 1924): a shirt or a French shirt in color khaki, blue bloomers, colored caps, cavalry overcoat.
This introduced a certain confusion and confusion, and therefore, by Decree of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks No. PZZ/95 of September 10, 1935, all organizations, institutions and individuals were Absolutely forbidden wearing a uniform and insignia similar to Red Army(with the exception of military personnel of the border and internal security forces of the NKVD, recruited by conscription).
Let me remind you that at this time a very unique period in the life of the Soviet state began and the role of the NKVD in the life of the country increased significantly.
Note by Veremeev Yu.G. The catchphrase "revolution always devours its children." A normal stage in the process of a revolutionary change of power of any kind (be it a bourgeois, democratic, socialist or Nazi revolution) in any country - those who together stood at the head of the revolutionary forces in the initial period now begin to share power And each of them believes that in He should now be the head of the country. An acute political struggle begins, in which any means of ousting, isolating, eliminating or destroying (including physical) rivals in power are used. In addition, in the country during such a period there were quite a lot of those who considered themselves offended by positions, and their revolutionary merits were not appreciated. It is from them that the head of the opposition draws personnel, while those at the helm of power use the apparatus of law and order to suppress the opposition ( police, police, gendarmerie, state security agencies, SS, etc.). Naturally, this apparatus is endowed with special powers during such a period.
And if not Stalin, but Kirov, Trotsky, Bukharin or someone else had been in power, nothing would have happened differently. This is the dialectic of any revolution. This was the case in bourgeois revolution the mid-17th century in England, this was the case during the revolutions of the late 18th century in France, and this was also the case after the Nazis came to power in 1933. In today's Russia, this stage is still ahead.
Most of those who abuse the Cheka-GPU-NKVD believe and try to convince everyone that the actions of the employees of these bodies in the thirties were a manifestation of personal malice, personal negative qualities, or even worse - the desire of the “organs” to generally become the head of the state, taking over the party (as N.S. Khrushchev argued).
However, in reality, the “bodies” were just an instrument of internecine struggle among the top of the party and state leadership. For example, an ax can end up in the hands of a carpenter and in the hands of a murderer. But an ax is an ax; in all cases it remains just a tool.
People's Commissar G.G. Yagoda felt the “taste of power” and, apparently, decided to distinguish his employees with new uniforms and insignia. The leadership of the NKVD immediately developed vigorous activity regarding the introduction of new uniforms. The People's Commissar in letters to I.V. Stalin put forward many projects for uniforms and insignia.
10/4/1935 The Politburo approved projects for new uniforms. It was decided to make the uniform for the NKVD bodies and troops uniform, and not as varied as Yagoda proposed.
On November 27, 1935, by order No. 399, a new dress And insignia personnel of the Internal Security.
Due to the low capabilities of the country's clothing industry, it was impossible to quickly change into new uniforms all employees of divisions, bodies and units of the NKVD troops. Therefore, the command staff of the internal security (Politburo decision of November 29, 1935) was allowed to carry out the term until October 1, 1937. socks with new insignia and buttonholes, old-style uniforms: - a shirt with edging, in accordance with the assigned rank; - cloak without edging; - an overcoat without edging.
The dates for the transition to wearing new insignia and buttonholes were determined: for command personnel of organs and troops - as special and military ranks were assigned, and for private and junior command personnel of the NKVD troops - from 1.III. 1936.
Uniform according to order No. 399 of November 27, 1935.
a) The main headgear of the NKVD bodies and troops was cap Red Army model 1935. The cap was made from woolen fabric in traditional NKVD colors: - cornflower blue crown and maroon band - for internal troops; On all types of caps, crimson piping was sewn along the top of the band and crown. The cap had a slightly widened black fiber varnished visor, above which a similarly varnished one was attached to two small shaped buttons black sliding chinrest belt. Higher, senior and middle command personnel wore a cap all year round, and private and junior command staff - only in summer time. In the summer, when out of formation, while wearing a white uniform, command personnel could wear a white cap with a white fabric visor and chin strap.
b) For wearing in the field, the command staff of the ground units of the NKVD troops was equipped with a woolen cap colors khaki. The pilots of the NKVD troops were awarded a woolen cap dark blue, which was worn along with a cap with a dark blue jacket or shirt. Rank and file all branches of the military wore a cotton cap of color khaki when wearing traveling clothing. Crimson piping was sewn into the seams of the cap and sides of all command caps, and a five-pointed star made of instrument cloth with a diameter of 3 cm was sewn onto the front seam.
c) For military personnel of the NKVD troops serving in areas with hot climates, cotton fabric was introduced helmet colors khaki with a five-pointed star made of instrument cloth with a diameter of 7.5 cm.
d) As a winter headdress, they introduced -
* command staff: Finnish cap made of gray or brown fur, with a top (cap) of dark gray woolen fabric - worn only when coat with attached fur collar.
Krapovoye - for internal security and air units;
Light green - for border guards.
On the band of the caps and on top of the cloth stars on the helmets there was a red enamel five-pointed Red Army star of the established pattern, 3.4 cm in diameter with gilded outer edges and a hammer and sickle in its center. By order, only cloth stars were worn on caps.
Instead of the overcoat adopted in the Red Army, a double-breasted coat-cloak was introduced as outerwear for command personnel (except junior ones) of the NKVD organs and troops. raglan"made of dark gray woolen fabric, with 4 large uniform buttons, with a turn-down collar. winter time to coat the fur lining and collar were fastened according to the color of the fur of the Finnish hat. The collar of the coat of the highest command staff of the NKVD troops was edged with crimson cloth.
Note: In addition to the outerwear established by orders, command personnel were allowed to wear raincoats, coats and jackets made of black or dark brown leather outside the formation, with or without insignia.
The uniform of the internal troops of the NKVD consisted of the following items:
a) For middle, senior and senior command staff:
Cloth tunic of dark khaki color with two chest patch pockets;
Dark blue cloth trousers with crimson piping;
For command personnel, army standards have been established equipment a single sample of brown leather with white metal fittings. For carrying weapons on the waist belt put on on the right side holster. When wearing a jacket, a pendant was worn holster, attached with training pants to the waist belt. Rank and file and the junior command staff wore a belt belt brown or natural color, with a metal single-pin buckle.
For command staff of departments and institutions of the NKVD troops, breeches were worn with trousers leggings with chrome boots made of black or dark brown leather, or black chrome boots, for command personnel of combat units and schools - black chrome or cowhide boots, and out of order - boots with leggings. With trousers untucked (out of order), the entire command staff wore chrome boots or low shoes from black or brown leather. The rank and file and junior command staff were assigned to wear cowhide boots with windings or cowhide boots boot black color.
But everyone else who served in the “bodies” (state security, police, firefighters, various types of business executives) was assigned special ranks - with the prefix “state security”, “police”, “internal service”. For example - lieutenant state security, captain police, major of internal service .
Special ranks are not equated to military ranks in any way. And although many of them wear army uniforms, in fact they neither belong to the army nor to the NKVD troops ( Ministry of Internal Affairs) have no relation. For example, the current Minister of Internal Affairs Nurgaliev wears the uniform of an army general, although he does not serve in the army or the internal troops.
For example, a man served in the army, retired to the reserve with the rank of corporal, and then went to work in Ministry of Internal Affairs to administrative and economic bodies. He was given a special rank, he worked for many years, received a promotion and eventually retired with the special rank of “Colonel of the Internal Service.”
So, upon arrival at the district military registration and enlistment office for military registration, he will be recorded as a corporal, and not as a colonel, since his military (military) rank corporal. The special rank for the military registration and enlistment office has no meaning.
Another example. The officer served under a contract, left the army, and joined the militia (police). The police unconditionally assign him a special police rank ( police), corresponding to his military rank(i.e. confirm).
But the other way around won’t work.
Military ranks for military personnel of the internal security of the NKVD of the USSR (internal troops) were introduced by Decree of the Council of People's Commissars No. 2250 of October 7, 1935 and announced by order of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs No. 319 of October 10, 1935.
Command composition: Military rank Private composition Red Army soldier Junior command and command staff Separated commander Junior platoon commander Sergeant Major Candidate for the title Middle Command Staff Lieutenant Senior Lieutenant Senior command staff Captain Major Colonel Senior command staff of the Brigade Commander Commor Division Commander
Military-political composition: Military rank Middle military-political personnel Political instructor Senior military-political personnel Senior political instructor Battalion commissar Regimental commissar Senior military-political personnel Brigade commissar Divisional commissar Corps commissar
Military-economic and administrative composition:
Military rank Average military-economic and administrative staff Quartermaster technician 2nd rank Quartermaster technician 1st rank Senior military-economic and administrative staff Quartermaster 3rd rank Quartermaster 2nd rank Quartermaster 1st rank Senior military-economic and administrative staff Brigintendant Divintendant
Military-technical composition: Military rank Average military-technical personnel Military engineer 2nd rank Military engineer 1st rank Senior military-technical personnel Military engineer 3rd rank Military engineer 2nd rank Military engineer 1st rank Senior military-technical personnel
Military medical personnel
Military rank Secondary military medical staff Military paramedic Senior military paramedic Senior military medical staff Military doctor 3rd rank Military doctor 2nd rank Military doctor 1st rank Senior military medical staff Brig doctor Divisional doctor
Military veterinary staff: Military rank Average military veterinary staff Military veterinary assistant Senior military veterinary assistant Senior military veterinary staff Military veterinary doctor 3 ranks Military veterinarian 2 ranks Military veterinarian 1 rank Senior military veterinary staff Brigvet doctor Divvet doctor
Military-legal composition: Military rank Average military legal staff Junior military lawyer Military lawyer Senior military legal staff Military lawyer 3rd rank Military lawyer 2nd rank Military lawyer 1st rank Highest military legal staff Brigvoenyurist Divvoenyurist
Stars of different colors in buttonholes and sleeve insignia served as insignia for military ranks.
Let's start with the sleeve insignia.
In the figure: from left to right: sleeve insignia of middle command personnel, senior command personnel, senior command personnel, military-political personnel.
The average command staff wore two or three so-called on both sleeves above the cuff (above the cuff). "truncated triangles" embroidered with red silk thread depending on rank.
Senior command staff wore red stars on both sleeves above the cuff (above the cuff), embroidered in red silk with silver edging in the number of ranks (as many stars in the buttonholes, as many on the sleeves).
The highest command staff wore red stars on both sleeves above the cuff (above the cuff), embroidered in red silk with golden edging in the number of ranks (as many stars in the buttonholes, so many on the sleeves)..
Military-political personnel wore one star on both sleeves above the cuff (above the cuff), regardless of rank. These stars were completely similar to the stars of the political composition Red Army, i.e. a red star with a golden sickle and hammer embroidered inside it.
The military-economic and administrative, military-technical, military-medical, military-veterinary and military-legal personnel did not have sleeve insignia by rank.
The main means of distinguishing the ranks of the internal troops (internal security) of the NKVD were buttonholes .
4 - Red Army soldier.
“Candidate for title” was an intermediate level between junior and middle command staff.
This rank existed in the internal troops of the NKVD for a very short time. Already in April 37, by order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 169 dated April 21, 1937, it was abolished as unnecessary.
3 -political commissar (on the sleeve is the star of a political commissar),
4 -technician-quartermaster 2nd rank,
5 -technician-quartermaster 1st rank,
6 -military technician 2nd rank,
7 -military technician 1st rank,
8 -military veterinary paramedic 2nd rank,
9 -military paramedic 1st rank.
It should be noted that if doctors wore their emblems, which were determined by them back in 1922 and had not changed by 1935, then the emblems of veterinarians and technicians are shown here from the 1936 model. It is not completely clear which emblems the commanding staff wore in their buttonholes of the 1935 model, or if they wore them at all. It should also be noted that until July 1940, the military-political personnel did not wear any emblems in their buttonholes at all. Both in the NKVD and in the Red Army they distinguished themselves with commissar stars on their sleeves.
*Senior command and command personnel wore silver gaps and silver metal stars with a diameter of 13 mm in their buttonholes.
2 -major,
3 -captain,
4 -regimental commissar,
5 - battalion commissar,
6 - senior political officer,
7 - quartermaster 1st rank,
8 - quartermaster 2nd rank,
9 - quartermaster 3rd rank,
10 - military engineer 1st rank,
11 -military engineer 2nd rank,
12 -military engineer 2nd rank,
13 -military doctor 1st rank,
14 -military veterinarian 2nd rank,
15 -military doctor 3rd rank.
Note. Persons having higher education and arriving at military service in the Red Army or internal troops of the NKVD, positions of commanding (but only commanding!) personnel immediately receive the rank of senior commanding personnel, bypassing all lower ranks. That is, a young man who graduated from a medical institute immediately receives the title of military doctor of rank 3, a young man who graduated technical university- military engineer 3rd rank. Graduate of the Institute of National Economy - quartermaster 3rd rank.
*Senior command and command personnel wore golden gaps and metal golden stars with a diameter of 13 mm in their buttonholes.
The highest rank in the internal troops of the NKVD was established as “commander of the 2nd rank”. However, it was never assigned to anyone and remained purely nominal.
The picture shows the insignia of a 2nd rank army commander.
1 - corps commander,
2 - division commander,
3 - brigade commander,
4 - corps commissar,
5 - divisional commissar,
6 - brigade commissar,
7 -divintendant,
8 -Brigintendant,
9 - development engineer,
10 - brigengineer,
11 -adult doctor
12 - brigade doctor.
These insignia existed in the Internal Guard for a very short time - from October 1935 to July 1937. Many VV servicemen did not even have time to put them on, since they did not switch to new insignia at once, but as they were assigned ranks. And this was not a mechanical process. The issue of assigning a particular rank to each serviceman was decided individually in the certification procedure. And the junior command staff generally switched to new insignia only in March 1936.
At the same time, I considered it necessary to describe in detail these insignia and shape so that the reader would not be confused by seeing a photograph with strange, very rarely found buttonholes. For the same purpose, and also so that the reader can discern the differences in the insignia, in the appendices I give insignia for the personnel of the NKVD and the GULAG NKVD
Internal troops of the NKVD 1937-1942.
First we need to remind you what the internal troops of the NKVD were like by 1937.
In 1937, the Main Directorate of Border and Internal Security (GUPVO NKVD) was renamed the Main Directorate of Border and Internal Troops of the NKVD of the USSR.
On February 2, 1939, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted the Resolution "On the reorganization of the management of border and internal troops", according to which the Main Directorate of Border and Internal Troops of the NKVD of the USSR was divided into six main departments:
Main Directorate of Border Troops of the NKVD of the USSR;
Main Directorate of the USSR NKVD troops for the protection of railway structures;
Main Directorate of the USSR NKVD Troops for the Protection of Particularly Important Industrial Enterprises;
Main Directorate of Convoy Troops of the NKVD of the USSR;
Main Directorate of Military Supply of the NKVD of the USSR;
Main Military Construction Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR.
November 20, 1939 By order of the NKVD of the USSR, the “Regulations on the escort troops of the NKVD of the USSR” were introduced. They carried out tasks of escorting persons in custody and provided external security for individual prisons. This Regulation provided for wartime tasks related to the escort and protection of prisoners of war.
I should note that the escort troops carried out their functions mixed with the paramilitary guards of the Gulag (VOKHR GULAG NKVD). Some places of detention were guarded by soldiers of convoy units, others by military personnel.
Below we will discuss the uniform and insignia:
Troops of the NKVD of the USSR for the protection of especially important industrial enterprises,
NKVD troops for the protection of railway structures,
NKVD escort troops.
In addition, before the start and in the first weeks of the war, several rifle divisions of the internal troops of the NKVD were formed, whose personnel, numbers, and weapons hardly differed from the rifle divisions of the Red Army. These divisions took part in battles at the front along with the divisions of the Red Army.
Yesterday's brigade commanders, in the order of recertification, were assigned depending on their position or rank of colonel, or major general. However, this process dragged on and by the time the war began, there were still several brigade commanders in the NKVD troops who still wore one diamond in their buttonholes.
With regard to brigade commissars, the then head of the Main Political Directorate of the Red Army achieved a decision according to which the rank of “brigade commissar” was no longer awarded, but the existing brigade commissars retained their rank and insignia until they were assigned the next rank (divisional commissar). Thus, some brigade commissars carried their rank until the complete abolition of the scale of ranks of political workers in autumn 1942.
In accordance with the changes in ranks, new ones are introduced insignia. For the senior command staff of the NKVD troops (as well as in the Red Army), the shape of the buttonholes is now becoming the same on the overcoat, the jacket and the tunic. The field of buttonholes is maroon, the stars are metal or embroidered in golden color. Along the upper edge of the buttonholes there is a commander's gold braid 3 mm wide. The generals of the NKVD troops did not have emblems in their buttonholes.
The sleeves are similar to the chevrons of the Red Army generals. both major generals and lieutenant generals wear the same chevrons .
For the rest of the senior command staff, there were no changes in insignia compared to 1937. They continued to wear their diamonds in their buttonholes of the same shape.
Insignia of middle and senior command personnel of the NKVD troops since July 1940:
For the newly introduced rank " corporal“The insignia was a horizontal red stripe on the overcoat buttonhole, 1 cm wide, and 5 mm wide on the tunic buttonhole. In addition to the triangles, all other junior command and command personnel also have the same stripe on the buttonholes.
Insignia and ranks of private and junior command and command personnel:
1 .Red Army soldier. Infantry of the NKVD troops.
2 Corporal. Infantry of the NKVD troops.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in August 1941 (Order of the USSR NKO No. 253 dated August 1, 1941), field buttonholes of green color without edging and without braiding were introduced in the Active Army. We also purchased triangles, cubes, sleepers green color. However, in units not related to the Active Army, pre-war insignia .
Thus, in the NKVD troops, field insignia actually switched to only in the rifle divisions of the NKVD troops, who fought at the front along with the Red Army divisions.
It is generally impossible to distinguish a serviceman of an NKVD rifle division from a serviceman of the Red Army when both wear the same field insignia.
Shoulder straps command staff:
1 -Colonel (rifle units of the NKVD VV)),
2 - Lieutenant Colonel (cavalry units of the NKVD VV),
3 -major (armored units of the NKVD VV),
4 -Captain (cavalry units of the NKVD VV).
5 - senior lieutenant (armored units of the NKVD VV).
6 Lieutenant (Cavalry VV NKVD).
8 - junior lieutenant (rifle units of the NKVD VV).
Note. The same shoulder straps were worn by the NKVD (state security officers, internal service officers). But there they wore shoulder straps without any emblems. But in the NKVD VV, emblems were mandatory.
Shoulder straps commanding staff (examples):
1 -engineer-colonel,
2 - Lieutenant of the Quartermaster Service,
3 - lieutenant of medical service.
Veterinary service officers have a silver emblem.
By the way, in 1943 there were galloons of officer shoulder straps with different weave patterns. Obviously, the patterns of weaving shoulder straps of the tsarist army were taken as a basis (in which there were over 20 different patterns of braid), different factories produced braid with different patterns, and there was a process of searching for a single pattern of braid, which approximately ended only by 1955.
I would like to draw the attention of fans of uniform art to two more not very noticeable, but very significant details.
The first is the location of the stars on the shoulder straps of the colonel and lieutenant colonel. The stars are not located in the gaps, but are shifted to the edge of the shoulder strap. This is roughly how the stars were worn on the shoulder straps of the tsarist army, placing them on the sides of the code. But the fact is that in the tsarist army all the stars were the same size - 11 mm (1/4 inch), and they were perfectly placed between the gap and the edge of the shoulder strap. And the stars of the 1943 model for senior officers were significantly larger in size -20 mm, and when placed between the gap and the edge of the shoulder strap, the sharp ends of the stars often went beyond the edge of the shoulder strap and clung to anything - for example, to the lining of an overcoat.
These stars will only move into the gaps around 1947. Apparently, the displacement of stars into gaps was initially largely spontaneous, and later standardized.
And secondly, emblems until the early sixties were made of brass and, accordingly, were either gold or silver. Since the early sixties, they began to be made of white metal, which was anodized to give a golden color (if necessary).
All shoulder straps were attached to the uniform using a longitudinal belt loop sewn on the back side of the shoulder strap. These shoulder straps were intended to be worn on casual and dress uniforms.
Shoulder straps generals of the Internal Troops.
Unlike the army, there were few generals in the Internal Troops. During the Great Patriotic War, even the commanders of the NKVD Internal Troops did not rise in rank higher than “major general”:
A.I.Gulyev (1941-1942)
I.S.Sheredega (1942-1944).
And only A.N. Apollonov, who commanded the explosives in 1944-1946, rose to the rank of “Colonel General”.
Shoulder straps VV generals differed from army generals only in the color of the edging of their shoulder straps (cornflower blue), adopted at that time in the Internal Troops.
Shoulder straps are known only for everyday use. There is no information about field shoulder straps for generals of the Internal Troops.
In the picture on the left:
1 Major General of the Internal Troops.
2 .Lieutenant General of the Internal Troops.
3 Colonel General of the Internal Troops.
In subsequent years, the uniforms and insignia of the Internal Troops became more and more similar to those of the army.
In 1955, with the abolition of colored edging on the shoulder straps of soldiers and sergeants of the Soviet Army, cornflower blue edging also went away from the shoulder straps of soldiers and sergeants of the Army.
In 1970, with the introduction of a new uniform in the Soviet Army, a similar one was adopted for the Internal Troops. The cornflower blue color is finally and completely disappearing from military uniforms and insignia. It remains the main color of KGB military personnel. Already in the early fifties, this department was completely separated from Ministry of Internal Affairs and becomes completely independent.
From now on, you can distinguish an explosive officer from an army officer only by the maroon color of the gaps on the shoulder straps, and the same maroon color of the buttonholes, piping on the uniform, and soldiers and sergeants by the maroon color of the shoulder straps and the letters explosive on the shoulder straps.
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