Georgian language (ქართული ენა kartuli ena) - official official language Georgia. Belongs to the Kartvelian group. One of the most ancient living languages on earth - appeared in the 3rd century AD.
What do you need to know when going to Georgia? Most Georgians over 30 know Russian. Young people, as a rule, know English. In Adjara (Batumi), the majority understands Turkish. But in small towns and villages people communicate only in Georgian. This is where the Russian-Georgian phrasebook, which is given at the end of the article, will come in handy.
Features of the Georgian language
In the modern Georgian alphabet 33 letters- 5 vowels and 28 consonants. This is the only alphabet in the world in which one sound corresponds to one letter and vice versa.
Pronounced accents not in Georgian. However, there is a conditional rule. In disyllabic words, the stress is usually on the first syllable, in polysyllabic words - on the third syllable from the end.
In Georgian no birth. In Georgian writing no capital letters.
The Georgian language is very beautiful. And Georgian polyphony is recognized by UNESCO as a masterpiece of cultural heritage. In 1977 two spaceship Voyager set off to explore space. On board is a message from humanity to extraterrestrial civilizations. Among the great works - Chakrulo song:
Georgian dialects
There are several Kartvelian languages: actually common Georgian - literary (Kartuli ena), Svan (Lushnu Nin), Mingrelian (Margalur Nina), Laz (Lazuri Nena).
The Georgian language includes several dialects, the differences between which are insignificant: Kartlian, Kakheti, Imeretian, Gurian, Pshavian, Racha, Adjarian, Khevsurian, Tushian, etc.
Interesting facts about the Georgian language
- The modern Georgian alphabet “Mkhedruli” was created in the 10th century, and in the 60s of the 19th century Ilya Chavchavadze carried out a reform and reduced the number of letters in the alphabet to 33, removing five archaic and practically unused letters from it.
- The first surviving monument of Georgian literature, “The Martyrdom of Shushanik” by Yakov Tsurtaveli. Written between 475-484.
- 1709 - printing began in Georgia.
- Some familiar words were significantly influenced by the warlike past of the people. For example, gamarjoba= hello comes from a wish for victory. Reply gagimajos= victory for you. Good morning literally means “peaceful morning” ( dilamshvidobisa).
- Georgian numerals up to 20 are based on the decimal number system, and from 20 to 100 on the 20 number system. For example, the number 35 is translated as “twenty and fifteen.”
| Number | Translation | Formation principle |
| 10 | ati | — |
| 20 | oci | — |
| 30 | otsdaati | 20 and 10 |
| 40 | ormotsi | 2 times 20 |
| 50 | ormotsdaati | 2 times 20 and 10 |
| 60 | samotsi | 3 times 20 |
| 70 | self-cide | 3 times 20 and 10 |
| 80 | otkhmotsi | 4 times 20 |
| 90 | otkhmotsdaati | 4 times 20 and 10 |
| 100 | asi | — |
- Under the USSR in Georgia, the Georgian language had the status of the state language.
- In ancient Georgian, “juga” means “steel”. Therefore, Joseph Dzhugashvili got the pseudonym Stalin. In fact, this is a direct translation of the surname into Russian.
- The Guinness Book of Records includes the word " gvprtskvnis"(he cleanses us, he removes the husks from us). This word has 8 consonants in a row.
- There is a version that the word wine (vine, wine,) comes from the Georgian gvino(ღვინო). Which, in turn, goes back to the verb “ Gwivili"(ღვივილი) - bloom, bring to a boil, ferment). Georgian word " Dagwinda" means the end of the wine fermentation process. The same can be said about a person: “dagvinda bichi” means a mature young man. This is not surprising, because the tradition of winemaking originated in Georgia back in the 6th millennium BC.
- In Danelia’s film “Kin-dza-dza!” the characters speak the Chatlan-Patsak language. And it was created on the basis of Georgian. Famous " ku"in Georgian means "turtle". Gravitsapa comes from the Georgian expression “ ra vitsi aba« - “Who knows!” Pepelats generally takes on a very romantic flair, because ashes in Georgian it means “butterfly”. And etsikh comes from Georgian tsikhe- jail.
Russian - Georgian phrasebook with pronunciation
If you want to know how to say thank you in Georgian, see our dictionary.
| Yes | ho (colloquial), ki (neutral), diah (respectful) |
| No | macaw |
| Thank you | madloba |
| Thanks a lot | didi madloba |
| My pleasure | arapris |
| I'm sorry | ukatsravat (if you ask for directions) |
| Sorry | bodyshi (if someone is accidentally pushed) |
| Hello | gamarjoba |
| return greeting | Gagimarjos |
| Goodbye | nahvamdis |
| bye (friendly farewell) | kargad |
| Do you speak Russian? | tkven laparakobt rusulad? |
| I | meh |
| You | sheng |
| We | chwen |
| You | tkven |
| They | isini |
| How are you? | Rogor Hart? |
| Fine. How are you? | kargad. Tkwan? |
| what is your name? | ra gquiat? |
| sir (polite address) | loaf |
| madam (polite address) | calbatono |
| Fine | kargad |
| Badly | tsudad |
| mother | grandfather |
| father | Mother |
| son | Vazhishvili |
| daughter | Kalishvili |
| wife | tsoli, meugle (spouse) |
| husband | kmari, meugle (husband) |
| Friend | megobari (friend), genatsvale (literally - I am for you, used as a form of address), dzmakatsi (close friend, brother-in-arms), akhlobeli (buddy) |
| Cool! | Magrad! |
| Very good! | dzalian kargad! |
| so-so! | ara mishavs! |
| ok, good | hags |
| My name is … | me var... |
| meet my friend | gaitsanite chemi megabari |
| with pleasure | Siamovnebit |
| come in! | shemobrdzandit! |
| sit down! | dabrzandit! |
| I agree | tanakhma var |
| Certainly | ra tkma unda |
| Right | scoria |
| Very good | dzalian kargad |
| Everything is fine | kwelaperi rigzea |
| can I ask you? | sheizleba gthovot? |
| I beg you very much! | dzalian gthowt! |
| can I come in? | sheidzleba shemovide? |
| can I smoke? | sheidzleba movzio? |
| this is too much! | es ukwe nametania! |
| horror! | Sashinelebaa! |
| Weird! | utsnauria! |
| Sorry, I'm in a hurry! | ukatsravad, mechkareba! |
| What would you like? | ra gnebavt? |
| Nothing! | araperi! |
| I want to see the city | Minda Kalakis Datvaliereba |
| You are very kind | tkven dzalian tavaziani brdzandebit |
| in no case! | aravitar shemthvevasi! |
| it is forbidden! | ar sheidzleba! |
| I don't think | aramgonia |
| Don't want! | ar minda! |
| you are wrong! | tkven is debiting! |
| I am very happy! | dzalian miharia! |
| How much does it cost? | ra hirs? |
| what it is? | es ra aris? |
| I will buy it | me amas wikidi |
| you have… | twain gaakvt...? |
| open | hiaa |
| closed | daketilia |
| a little, little | price |
| a little | tsotati |
| a lot of | bevri |
| All | khvela |
| bread | puri |
| drink | sasmeli, dasalebi (alcohol) |
| coffee | kava |
| tea | teas |
| juice | tsveni |
| water | tskkhali |
| wine | gvino |
| meat | khortsi |
| salt | Marili |
| pepper | pilpili |
| Where…? | garden aris...? |
| how much does the ticket cost? | tickets ra ghirs? |
| train | matarebeli (from tareb - to lead) |
| metro | metro |
| airport | airports |
| railway station | rkinigzis sadguri |
| bus station | autosadguri |
| departure | gasvla |
| arrival | Chamosvla |
| hotel | sastumro |
| room | otahi |
| passport | passports |
| left | Marchniv |
| right | Marjniv |
| directly | pirdapir |
| up | zemot |
| down | quamot |
| far | shores |
| close | akhlos |
| map | hand |
| post | |
| museum | museumumi |
| bank | banks |
| police | police |
| hospital | saavadmkhopo, first aid posts |
| pharmacy | Aptiaki |
| shop | shop |
| restaurant | restaurants |
| church | eklesia |
| Street | a bunch |
| young woman | gogon |
| young man | ahalgazrdav |
date and time
| what time is it now? | Romeli Saathia? |
| day | dghe |
| a week | queer |
| month | TVE |
| year | goals |
| Monday | orshabati |
| Tuesday | Samshabati |
| Wednesday | otkhshabati |
| Thursday | hutshabati |
| Friday | paraskavi |
| Saturday | Shabbat |
| Sunday | queer |
| winter | zamtari |
| spring | gazaphuli |
| summer | got sick |
| autumn | shemodgoma |
Numerals
| 1 | erty |
| 2 | ori |
| 3 | themselves |
| 4 | otkhi |
| 5 | Houthis |
| 6 | eqsi |
| 7 | Shvidi |
| 8 | ditch |
| 9 | tshra |
| 10 | ati |
| 11 | termeti |
| 12 | tormeti |
| 13 | tsameti |
| 14 | tokhmeti |
| 15 | thutmeti |
| 16 | tekvsmeti |
| 17 | tsvidmeti |
| 18 | tvrameti |
| 19 | Tskhrameti |
| 20 | otsi |
| 30 | otsdaati |
| 40 | ormotsi |
| 50 | ormotsdaati |
| 100 | ac |
The ancestors of the Georgians are mentioned in the Bible; the legendary Colchis, where the Argonauts sailed, was located on the territory of Georgia. It seems to us that we know a lot about Georgians, but their history and culture holds many mysteries.
1. Georgians call their country Sakartvelo. This toponym translates as “all of Kartli” and goes back to the name of the region of the same name. The toponym “Georgia” goes back to the name “Gurjistan” (country of wolves), found in Arab-Persian sources.
The European name of Georgia “Georgia” is also compared with the Arab-Persian name associated with the Georgian cult of St. George. A golden sculpture of the saint rises in the central square of Tbilisi.
2. The number of Georgians in the world is more than 4 million.
3. Georgians were one of the first peoples to adopt Christianity. According to one of the most common versions, this happened in 319. It is significant that, despite the global trend, the number of believers in Georgia is growing. Today, 80% of Georgians consider themselves Orthodox.
4. Georgian is an ancient written language. The oldest written monuments in the ancient Georgian language date back to the 5th century. These include a mosaic inscription from the first half of the 5th century near Jerusalem, as well as an inscription at Bolnisi Zion (60 km south of Tbilisi) from the end of the 5th century.
5. Georgians have a unique alphabet. In Kartvelian studies there are different hypotheses about the prototype of the Georgian letter. According to various theories, it is based on Aramaic, Greek or Coptic writing.
6. The self-name of Georgians is Kartvelebi.
7. The first state mentioned by historians on the territory of Georgia is the Colchis kingdom. It was first mentioned in the middle of the 1st millennium BC. e. Greek authors Pindar and Aeschylus. It was to Colchis that the Argonauts sailed for the Golden Fleece.
8. There is no accent in the Georgian language, only the tone rises on a certain syllable. Also, Georgian does not have capital letters, and gender is determined by context.
9. Joseph Stalin is deservedly considered the most famous Georgian in the world.
10. In the Georgian language, the decimal system is used for naming numbers. To pronounce a number between 20 and 100, you need to divide it into twenties and say their number and remainder. For example: 33 is twenty-thirteen, and 78 is three-twenty-eighteen.
11. Words familiar to us from childhood in Georgia do not have the meanings to which we are accustomed. “Mama” in Georgian means dad, “deda” means mother, “bebia” means grandmother, “babua” or “papa” means grandfather.
12. There is no “f” sound in the Georgian language, and in borrowed words this sound is replaced with a “p” sound with a strong aspiration. Russian Federation in Georgian it will sound like: “Rusetis paderatsia”.
13. According to economist Kennan Eric Scott of the Washington Institute, during Soviet Union Georgians supplied 95% of tea and 97% of tobacco to Soviet shelves. The lion's share citrus fruits (95%) also went to the regions of the USSR from Georgia.
14. On the territory of Georgia in 1991, the remains of Dmanisian hominids were found, initially called Homo georgicus. They are almost 2 million years old (1 million 770 000). They were given the names Zezva and Mzia.
15. In Georgia, it is customary to eat kebabs and khinkali with your hands.
16. Despite the fact that in Georgia it is traditional high level homophobia, the level of tactile contact between Georgian men is very high. While walking, they can hold hands, sitting in coffee shops - touch each other.
17. In everyday communication, Georgians use words that for some reason they consider Russian, although for us they will not always be understandable. Georgians call slippers chusts, wallpaper - trellises, beans - lobio, a T-shirt is often called anything worn above the waist, and boots are sneakers.
18. Georgians are rightfully proud of their wine. It began to be produced here 7,000 years ago, and today there are 500 varieties of cultivated grapes in Georgia. Every year the country hosts the Rtveli grape harvest festival.
19. Georgians are known for their hospitality. The guest in the house is more important than the owner. Therefore, in Georgian houses it is not customary to take off shoes.
20. Georgians are known for their love of long toasts, but not everyone knows that it is not customary to make toasts while Georgians drink beer.
Illustrations: Niko Pirosmani
Guardian of mountains and rivers, country of the Black Sea coast. Geographical features Georgia and its reservoirs with a wealth of minerals attract millions of travelers from all over every year. Some people find themselves surrounded by natural beauty, some like the local hospitality, while others can no longer imagine life without wonderful Georgian wine.
Many people in the country speak Russian, but for more comfortable communication with the locals, you can try speaking Georgian. A tourist does not need to know all the basics of grammar and subtleties of pronunciation, but the Russian-Georgian phrasebook will be an excellent assistant for more lively conversations. On our website you can download an excellent guide that contains the most relevant words for traveling around.
Basic words
| Yes | Ho (polite - diah) |
| No | Macaw |
| Thank you, thank you very much | Madlobt |
| Please | Gataqua |
| My pleasure | Arapris |
| Sorry | Bodishi |
| Hello | Gamarjoba (Gamarchoba), pl. Part - Gamarjobat (gamarchobate) |
| Goodbye | Nakhvamdis |
| Bye | Jarjarobit |
| Good morning | Dila mshvidobisa |
| Good afternoon | Dhe mshvidobisa |
| Good evening | Salamo mshvidobisa |
| Good night | G'khame mshvidobisa |
| How to say this by... | Rogor ikneba es...? |
| Do you speak… | Laparakobt... ? |
| English | Inglisurad |
| French | Prangulad |
| German | Germanulad |
| I | Mae |
| We | Chwen |
| You | Sheng |
| You | Tkven |
| They | Isini |
| What is your name? | Ra gquiat? |
| Fine | Kargad |
| Badly | Tsudad |
| Wife | Tsoli |
| Husband | Kmari |
| Daughter | Kalishvili |
| Son | Vazhishvili |
| Mother | Deda |
| Father | Mother |
| Friend | Magobari |
| Hello)! | Gamarjoba |
| Hello! | Salami! |
| Good morning! | Dila mshvidobisa! |
| Good evening! | Sagamo mshvidobisa! |
| How are you doing? | Rogor Hart? |
| OK, thank you | Gmadlobt, kargad |
| Great! | Chinebulad! |
| Very good! | Dzalian kargad! |
| Not all so good! | Arts tu ise kargad! |
| So-so! | Ara mishavs! |
| Badly! | Tsudad! |
| You are pale. | Tkven permkrtali hart. |
| Yes, I don't feel well. | Diah, tavs tsudad vgrdznob. |
| What's wrong with you? | Ra mogividat? |
| I probably have a fever. Or just tired. | Albat sitshe makvs, an ubirod, davigale. |
| How are yours doing? | Tkvenebi rogor arian? |
| Thank you, as usual. | Gmadlobt, dzveleburad. |
| Let me introduce you. I… | Neba mibodzet gagesnot. Me var... |
| Be familiar. | Itsnobdet ertmanets. |
| Meet my friend. | Gaitsanite chemi megabari. |
| With pleasure. | Siamovnebit. |
| Glad to meet you. | Mokharuli var, rum gagitsanit. |
| And I. | Metz aseve. |
| I've heard a lot about you. | Tkwenze bevri msmenya. |
| Do you know this girl? | Itsnobt am gogonas? |
| Well, of course! | Rogor macaw! |
| I don't know her (him). | Me mas ar vitsnob. |
| He/she wants to meet you. | Mas unda tkveni gatsnoba. |
| He and I are old friends. | Chven dzveli megobrebi vart. |
| Please welcome to visit us today for lunch, dinner... | Gthovt chemtan mobrdzandet stumrad sadze, vakhshamze... |
| Thank you, with great pleasure! | Gmadlobt, didi siamovnebit! |
| Unfortunately, I can't, I'm busy! | Samtsukharod ar shemidzlia, dakavebuli var! |
| Won't you go to the theater today? | Hom ar tsamokhvalt dges theater girls? |
| I'll go! | Tsamoval! |
| This will be very interesting for me! | Yes dzalian sainteresto ikneba chemtwis. |
| Sign in! | Shemobrdzandit! |
| Sit down! | Dabrdzandit! |
| Try it please. | Miirtvit (gasinjet) tu sheidzleba. |
| Make yourself at home! | Tavi ise igrzenit, rogorts sakutar sahlshi! |
| I agree (I agree) | Me tanakhma var. |
| Certainly. | Ra tkma unda. |
| Right. | Scoria. |
| And I think so. | Mets ace vpikrob. |
| Very good. | Dzalian hag. |
| I'm of the same opinion. | Metz am Azris var. |
| Of course it's better this way. | Ra tkma unda, ase uketesia. |
| Everything is fine. | Kwelaperi rigzea. |
| I think you're right. | Chemi Azrit, Tkven Martali Hart. |
| This is true. | ES Martlats asea. |
| Our thoughts are the same. | Chveni azrebi ertmanets emtkhveva |
| Can I ask you? | Sheidzleba gthovot? |
| I beg you very much! | Dzalian gthowt! |
| I have to ask you! | Tkwentan thovna makvs! |
| Please consider my request! | Gthovt chemi tkhovna gaitvaliscinot |
| I was allowed. | Neba damrtes. |
| It's your right, do as you want! | Es tkveni nebaa, rogorts gindat ise moiketsit! |
| Can I come in? | Sheidzleba shemovide? |
| Can I open (close) the window? | Sheidzleba gavago (davketo) panjara? |
| Can I borrow a magazine? | Sheidzleba avigo journal? |
| Can I sit here? | Sheidzleba ak davjde? |
| Can I have a smoke? | Sheidzleba movzio? |
| Goodbye! | Nahvamdis! |
| Goodbye! | Mshvidobit! |
| Bye! | Jer-jerobit! |
| Good night! | Game mshvidobisa! |
| Don't get lost! | Well daikargebi! |
| Hope to see you soon! | Imedi makvs, male shevkhvdebit! |
| It's upsetting to me! | Dzalian mtskens! |
| This is too much! | Es ukwe metismetia! |
| Perhaps that's enough! | Drive away Sakmarisia! |
| Horror! | Sashinelebaa! |
| Strange! | Utsnauria! |
| Madam! | Kalbatono! |
| Friend! | Megabaro! |
| Mister! | Batono! |
| Young woman! | Gogona! |
| Sorry! | Bodyshi! |
| Sorry! | Mapatiet! |
| Please excuse me! | Gthowt mapatiot! |
| I'm sorry for disturbing you! | Bodishs gihdit, rum gatsukhebt! |
| Sorry, am I disturbing you? | Bodishi, health home ar gishlit? |
| Sorry I'm busy). | Ukatsravad, me dakavebuli var. |
| Sorry, I'm in a hurry. | Ukatsravad, swordkareb. |
| Sorry for keeping you waiting. | Mapatiet, rum galodynet. |
| Sorry for interrupting you. | Mapatiet, rum saubari shegatskvetinet. |
| Sorry, but you are wrong! | Mapatiet, magram tkven tsdebit |
| What would you like? | Ra gnebavt? |
| Nothing. | Araperi. |
| I want to buy books. | Minda wikido tsignebi. |
| I want to learn a foreign language. | Minda utskho ena shevistsavlo. |
| I really want to rest. | Dzalian Minda Davisveno |
| I wish I could be home now! | Netavi sahlshi viko! |
| At least something would work out! | Netavi rame gamovides! |
| I would really like this | Es ki dzalian mindoda. |
| I really want to see you! | Dzalian minda tkveni nakhva! |
| If only I could help you! | Netavi shemedzlos tkveni dakhmareba! |
| I want to go... | Minda Havemgsauro… |
| I want to explore the city... | Minda kalaki dawatvalier... |
| I'm going to do a lot of things today | Dges bevri ramis gaketeba minda. |
| Thank you! | Gmadlobt! |
| Thank you very much! | Didi madloba! |
| Thank you in advance! | Tsinastsar gihdit madlobas! |
| I am very grateful to you! | Tkveni dzalian madlobeli var! |
| Thanks, don't worry! | Gmadlobt, what a waste! |
| You are very kind! | Tkven dzalian tavaziani brdzandebit! |
| Many thanks for the help! | Didi madloba dakhmarebisatvis! |
| What do you! What a conversation this could be! | Ras ambobt! Es ra salaparacoa! |
| In no case! | Aravitar shemthvevashi! |
| It is forbidden! | Ar sheidzleba! |
| I'm against! | Me cinaagmdegi var! |
| I disagree (agree) with you! | Me ar getankhmebit! |
| Don't think. | Ara mgonia. |
| Not at all. | Sruliadac ara. |
| Don't want! | Ar minda! |
| Unfortunately I can not. | Samtsuharod, ar shemidzlia! |
| Nothing will come of this. | Akedan araperi gamova. |
| It's not my business. | Yes me ar meheba. |
| You are wrong! | Tkven is killing it! |
| I'm very happy)! | Dzalian miharia! |
| You made me very happy! | Me tkven dzalian gamakharet! |
| Glad to see you! | Mikharia tkveni nakhva! |
| I love! | Dzalian momtsons! |
Numbers
| Zero | Noli |
| One | Erti |
| Two | Ori |
| Three | Sami |
| Four | Othi |
| Five | Houthi |
| Six | Equsi |
| Seven | Shvidi |
| Eight | Rva |
| Nine | Tskhra |
| Ten | Ati(ates) |
| Twenty | Otsi |
| Thirty | Otsdaati |
| Fourty | Ormotsi |
| Fifty | Ormotsdaati |
| One hundred | Asi |
| Thousand | Atasi |
| Million | Milioni |
Shops and restaurants
| How much does it cost? | Ra g'hirs? |
| What it is? | Es ra aris? |
| I will buy it | Me amas wikidi |
| You have… | Gaakvt... ? |
| Open | G'hiaa |
| Closed | Dacatilia |
| A little, a little | Tsota |
| A lot of | Bevry |
| All | Khwela |
| Breakfast | Sauzme |
| Dinner | Sadili |
| Dinner | Vakhshami |
| Bread | Puri |
| Drink | Sasmeli |
| Coffee | Khawa |
| Tea | Teas |
| Juice | Tsveni |
| Water | Tskkhali |
| Wine | G'khvino |
| Salt | Marilee |
| Pepper | Pilpili |
| Meat | Horcy |
| Fruits | Healy |
| Ice cream | Nahini |
Tourism
How to get
Public areas and attractions
Dates and times
| What time is it now? | Romeli saathia? |
| Day | Dg'he |
| A week | Queer |
| Month | TVE |
| Year | Goals |
| Monday | Orshabati |
| Tuesday | Samshabati |
| Wednesday | Othshabati |
| Thursday | Khutshabati |
| Friday | Paraskevi |
| Saturday | Shabbat |
| Sunday | Queer |
| Spring | Gazaphuli |
| Summer | Zaphuli |
| Autumn | Shemodgoma |
| Winter | Zamtari |
Greetings and basic phrases, without which the most ordinary conversation cannot take place - the most frequently used remarks, universal questions and answers to them. To find out the name of food products, refer to the list of phrases used in conversation in restaurants and stores. Using the words from the table about city orientation or emergency situations, you can easily ask passers-by how to get to local attractions or where the hospital is located if something unexpected happens. The list of numbers shows their names and correct stress. Numbers are necessary for many situations - to find out which bus to take or how to buy goods on the market.
Our Russian-Georgian phrasebook will brighten up your travels around Georgia and help you communicate better with the local population. Take care of all the nuances of the trip in advance, and then it will be easier for you to speak Georgian, which means it will be easier to relax!
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No matter how society changes over time, cultural heritage remains - and the more traditional norms remain in daily use, the more exotic modern people seems to be the behavior of the bearers of these traditions. To residents of the capital, the Caucasian rules of behavior seem cumbersome and complicated, but we must take into account that they have been formed over centuries as manifestations of their own dignity and were created to prevent conflicts. In Georgia, greetings are structured in such a way as to show respect for the interlocutor and in no case cause accidental offense.
What they say and how they behave when greeting
A mandatory element of greeting in Georgia and throughout the Caucasus region is a handshake. This is also a symbol of your recognition in your interlocutor, respected and worthy person, and a demonstration of trust, and an expression of one’s own honor. Not shaking an outstretched hand means causing a grave insult and demonstrating your deep hostility.
The younger one always comes up to greet and offers his hand first, then taking a step back. Traditions require keeping a distance between interlocutors - about a meter in the case of two men, two meters in the case of a man and a woman, and about seventy centimeters for a conversation between women. If the greeting takes place in the room where they were previously sitting, they greet the newcomer while standing, showing him their respect.
When greeting Georgians, they say “Gamarjoba”, which means “I wish you victory!” - this is a greeting of a man by a man passed down from generation to generation, characterizing him as a worthy and glorious warrior. If you are just passing by on the street and see how your friend raised his hand to his head, greeting you, repeat his gesture, but under no circumstances take off your hat. For residents of Georgia, a headdress is a symbol of human dignity, so by removing it, you demonstrate disrespect for yourself. If you see someone you know walking behind you, stop and wait for them to greet you appropriately.
Feminine characteristics of greetings in Georgia
The rules of etiquette differ for communication between men and with women. In Georgia, women never extend their hand or touch him when greeting - the only exception may be greetings between relatives. Kissing on the cheek when meeting is also unacceptable. According to tradition, by not allowing any contact with men, a woman protects her honor and the honor of her family. If a man passes by a woman when meeting, he must leave her on his right hand. If a woman passes by a sitting acquaintance, his task is to rise and greet her, but she should not come too close to him. These conventions are associated primarily with the status of women in society, which, on the one hand, is traditionally lower than that of men, and on the other, the higher the more worthy the woman behaves.
