Municipal budget educational institution
"Gymnasium No. 86" of the urban district of Ufa
Republic of Bashkortostan
Section " The world»
I'M LEFT-HANDED!
student of class 3A
Head: Gavrilova S.V.,
teacher primary classes
gymnasium No. 86
2016
Content
Introduction
Chapter 1. Theoretical part.
1.1. Who are lefties?
1.2. Left-handedness is forever.
1.3. Famous lefties.
1.4. I'M LEFT-HANDED!
Chapter 2. Practical part.
2.1 Organization and analysis of a survey of 3rd grade students at gymnasium No. 86
2.2. Organization and analysis of experimental work among 3rd grade students of gymnasium No. 86
Conclusion.
You're left-handed, and that's cool! You're left-handed, and that's cool!
They say that the mindset
Left-handers have such an unusual
My head is spinning.
You are a feature of nature
Accept it with honor and pride.
And the talent that is given from God,
You will carry it with dignity.
Introduction
I'm left-handed! I realized that something was wrong with me back in kindergarten, when in class or during meals the teacher kept correcting me, offering to take a pencil or spoon in the other hand. And when I did this, I became uncomfortable and nothing worked. Then my mother went to the teacher and talked to her about something. And they didn’t make such comments to me again. Then it was time to go to school. And my mother warned the teacher from the first day that I was left-handed. At school, the teacher always tries to seat me on the left side. I began to notice that almost all children do everything with their right hand. That’s when I decided to find out from my mother what was wrong with me, why I’m not like everyone else?! Mom explained to me that a left-handed person is the same person as everyone else, there are simply much fewer people who use their left hand than people who use their right hand. And that when my mother was little, left-handers were retrained, and therefore there were even fewer of them. I then asked my mother - why didn’t she retrain me? To which she answered me, that she didn’t want to cause me any inconvenience and that she didn’t see the need for it. She said that it was more important for her that I be healthy and happy and that it doesn’t matter which hand I hold the spoon with. But this is my mother’s opinion, and for a mother it really doesn’t matter whether a child is right-handed or left-handed. But my mother herself is right-handed. And I wondered if she was right that she did not retrain me from the point of view of scientists.
Relevance of the topic. But I am not at all alone in this peculiarity of mine. Only in my class there were 3 left-handed people. I can eat normally, I have learned to write well, but, for example, I am not very dexterous with scissors. After all, everything in our country is made for the right hand, which creates certain inconveniences for us left-handed people. So maybe lefties need to be retrained? Or not?
Purpose of the study: find out how many of us are left-handed, and whether we need to be retrained.
In my work I plan to solve the following tasks :
Study literature on a given topic;
Find out who left-handers really are;
Find out what is the reason for “left-handedness”;
Find out the developmental features of left-handed people;
Find out how to determine whether you are left-handed or right-handed;
Conduct a survey of 3rd grade students;
Conduct experiments in class;
Draw conclusions.
Object of study: left-handedness.
Subject of study: the influence of left-handedness on the learning process.
Work hypothesis: There is no need to retrain a left-handed person, because... this does not affect the level of knowledge.
Research methods:
Analysis of literature on a given topic.
Questioning.
Experiment.
Analysis of the results obtained.
Chapter 1. Theoretical part
Who are lefties?
Left-handed people are usually called people who, to perform certain actions, prefer to use their left hand rather than their right hand, like most people. There is an opinion that people whose left hand is more developed than their right have a significant advantage over right-handers. According to this theory, left-handed people process information more easily, are able to analyze a situation faster, and, in general, are more likely to achieve success in life, becoming major managers and earning larger sums than right-handed people. Is it really?
Some scientists believe that the ratio of left-handers to right-handers has remained approximately the same at all times. Interestingly, cave paintings depict people doing something with their right hand. On the walls of caves and Egyptian pyramids There are plenty of such images. Moreover, the tools and products of ancient gunsmiths that survived from the Paleolithic era were clearly intended for the right hand.
But there are works proving that in the Stone Age there were an equal number of right-handed and left-handed people, and in the Bronze Age two-thirds were already right-handed. It is curious that in this sense equality reigns in the animal world. Although a number of studies convincingly prove that monkeys prefer to reach for food with their left hand and perform various manipulations with their right. That is, old functions are controlled by the right hemisphere, and new ones by the left.
Have you ever wondered why it is customary for us to offer our right hand when greeting, why on wristwatches the crown is on the right, handsets in telephone booths hang on the right, the slot for a travel card in metro turnstiles is on the right, working tools are for the right hand, the release button is on the right cameras on the right, door handles, and they are placed in such a way that it is convenient for right-handers, but not for left-handers? Scientists believe that in ancient times humanity was left-handed. The reasons for the prevailing right-handedness exist at the level of hypotheses. One of them says that in turbulent times, which were a series of endless hand-to-hand wars, where the shield and sword were the main ones, left-handed people were simply exterminated because they held the sword in their left hand and the shield in their right, unable to protect the left half of their chest. where the heart is located. However, the most likely reason for the decrease in the number of left-handers is the gradual activation of the role of the left hemisphere.
A person is designed in such a way that the left hemisphere of the brain controls the right half of the body, and the right hemisphere controls the left. Moreover, although the hemispheres are similar in appearance and work together, they think and live differently. This is called interhemispheric asymmetry.
An ancient left-handed person had a more active right hemisphere, which was characterized by unconscious instinctive actions, flair and intuition, imaginative memory, a deep sense of rhythm, colors, sounds, smells, touches, and good orientation in space. With the advent of signs of civilization, many of the above human properties remained unclaimed and they began to be supplanted by the more necessary functions of the left hemisphere, which controls the right hand, such as conscious concrete thinking, mathematical and analytical abilities, speech, reading and writing, and the ability for purposeful and differentiated actions. Having imperceptibly lost his sixth sense, the child of nature gradually turned into a child of progress with an active left hemisphere and an active right hand. Right-handedness, reinforced by religious and cultural traditions, began to dominate, and left-handers, awkward and unadapted, were driven into a corner.
Does everyone know that people who use their left hand as their leading hand have their own holiday? And he is! International Left-Handed Day is celebrated on August 13th. This holiday was first celebrated in 1992 on the initiative of the British Left-Handers Club, created in 1990. All over the world on this day, left-handers strive to draw the attention of manufacturers of goods (both household and special) to the need to take into account the ease of use of left-handed people. For this purpose, left-handers organize various events and competitions. But the main concern of left-handers is the fact that in many schools around the world they are still trying to retrain left-handed children to use their right hand when writing, but it has long been known that such retraining provokes psychological stress and lowers student performance.
Left-handedness is forever.
According to scientists, left-handed children should not be retrained. Left-handedness is forever! Even retrained left-handers prefer to use their left hand at critical moments. No one has yet discovered the reason why some people are left-handed, but about 13% of the population worldwide is left-handed. One of the reasons for left-handedness is considered to be heredity, since there is a family predisposition to left-handedness. Researchers have recently discovered a gene that they believe is responsible for a child's left-handedness, so that if this gene is present, one or even more children in a family may be left-handed, and if this gene is absent, everyone in the family will only be right-handed.
It has already been proven that there is still a special variant of left-handedness - compensatory, in which this phenomenon is compensation for disorders of brain development due to the pathology of pregnancy and childbirth, traumatic brain injuries or serious diseases of early age.
The way the brain works is incredibly complex, but a somewhat simplified explanation will give some insight into where left-hand dominance develops. The brain works in a cross pattern - the left hemisphere controls the right hand and right side body, and, conversely, the left side of the body and the left hand are controlled by the right hemisphere.
The left hemisphere controls speech, language, writing, logic, mathematics, natural Sciences- This is a mode of linear thinking. The right hemisphere controls musical abilities, art, creativity, perception, emotions, genius - this is the mode of holistic thinking.
However, this trend appears only in relation to men; left-handed and right-handed women show the same results here. It also turned out that left-handers are more likely than right-handers to become highly qualified specialists (53% versus 38%). Left-handers are also disproportionately found among artists, musicians, and some categories of athletes (for example, baseball players, golfers, and boxers).
Many people are constantly wondering why there are right-handers and left-handers. This is indeed an extremely interesting fact! I tried to analyze what differences exist between a right-hander and a left-hander and why you should not retrain if you are left-handed.
There is no generally accepted and clear explanation why some people are right-handed and others are left-handed. However, there are several theories about this. One of them, the leading theory today, is that our body is asymmetrical (the right half is not identical to the left). Therefore, both the right and left hemispheres of the human brain also function differently. Also, nerves connect each hemisphere with the opposite side of the body: the right hemisphere with the left and vice versa.
It follows that if the left side of the brain has an advantage, then the right side of the body is more advanced and better adaptable. Everything we do in life (read, cook, write) - all this happens thanks to the left hemisphere of the brain. For a left-handed person, it’s the other way around: a reshuffle occurs, the right side of the brain dominates the left, so such people have better control of the left side of the body. This trait is often inherited, so left-handed parents are more likely to have a left-handed child, while right-handed parents are more likely to have a right-handed child.
Approximately every tenth person is left-handed. According to observations, there are two times fewer left-handers among girls than among boys. This difference is explained by the fact that both hemispheres of the brain are responsible for different aspects of life. The right hemisphere of the brain is responsible for the perception of information and emotionality, so left-handers perceive everything in a generalized and intuitive way. The left hemisphere, in turn, is responsible for details and analysis, so right-handed people are more prone to logic and rationality.
As a rule, at the age of 5 it becomes completely clear whether you are left-handed or right-handed. And since they are born with them, there is no need to relearn them. The reason here is hidden in the work of the brain, which in any case will not work differently because of this. Therefore, it can be even more difficult for retrained left-handers to write and learn in general.
According to sociological theory, due to their exceptionalism, left-handers show top scores in certain types of activities. The left hand often predominates among composers, artists, athletes, and executives; right - for linguists, engineers, mathematicians.
Let’s better understand what kind of people they are and what their role is in the life of humanity (perhaps not yet played). And having thrown away the wary and negative attitude, we will understand that they are not wrong, but simply not right.
Famous lefties .
Leonardo Da Vinci, an outstanding Italian scientist, explorer, inventor and artist, architect, anatomist and engineer, an outstanding figure of the Italian Renaissance. He was ambidexterous. This is a special type of people who are equally good with both their right and left hands. Every fifth of us is like that.
Charlie Chaplin, English and American film actor and film director. Recognized as one of the best comedians in the history of world cinema, he was awarded the Oscar three times. He also played the violin with his left hand.
Julius Caesar, in addition to being able to do three things at once, was also an ancient Roman statesman and politician, commander, and writer.
The following were also left-handed: Aristotle, Tiberius, Caesar, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Alexander the Great, Joan of Arc, Charlemagne, Napoleon, Newton, I.P. Pavlov, N.S. Leskov, D.C. Maxwell, Ch .Chaplin, L.Carroll, P.Picasso. Among today's notable left-handers, let's name Ronald Reagan, Paul McCartney, Bruce Willis, Whoopi Goldberg, Oprah Winfrey, David Duchovny. Comments are unnecessary here. Left-handers have more than proven their usefulness.
Among them there are many architects, artists and musicians. Left-handed boxers are known for their advantages, as are fencers and tennis players. In the emotional sphere, left-handers have their own characteristics: they are unrestrained, often timid, impressionable, conscientious, sensual and much more pessimistic than right-handers and ambidextrous people.
I'M LEFT-HANDED!
Nature has endowed left-handers with unusual (in the opinion of right-handers) properties.
Lefties:
are able to perceive sounds and intonations differently, subtly identifying what right-handed people are not able to hear. They listen to music better, or rather, they hear it better.
They have figurative memory, the ability to retain impressions for a long time and reproduce vivid memories. They can see the invisible, discerning multifaceted subtext in a simple image. They have a craving for paradoxes, their own look and special color perception.
easily navigate in space, remembering all the moves and exits, remember the details and sequence of actions. In addition, they freely handle time, recording in memory the sequence of experienced events and easily returning to them, as if using invisible markers.
are connected with the unconscious, even if this does not sound like something from the field of kitchen psychology. Lefties see the world differently, discovering and experiencing its other facets and qualities. This explains the phenomenal properties of some left-handers: the ability to live one step ahead and predict the future. Insight is a natural ability for them.
Compared to these amazing left-handers, right-handers who can handle numbers, think logically and speak well, we look very down-to-earth. Left-handedness is not pronounced, but hidden, manifested in more active use of the left ear, left eye or left leg.
If you have a left-handed child, then do not put pressure on him, but consult with a psychologist who can adapt and teach him to live fully in our “right-wing”, too rational world. If a left-hander is left alone without trying to retrain him, he will respond with high performance mental development, creative thinking, extraordinary abilities and achievements in architecture, music, artistic creativity. Lefties should be protected; perhaps they have not yet fully revealed their potential. They also see colorful dreams and are able to see the future.
Having learned all these facts, I can now proudly say: “I am left-handed!”
1.5. Tests to determine the leading hemisphere
First, it is known that the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body, and the left hemisphere controls the right.
Therefore, people with a leading left hand (left-handed people) are right-hemisphere people, and right-handers are left-hemisphere people, but this division is conditional.
You can do several exercises and find out which hemisphere is dominant and what types of reactions predominate in each of you. Prepare a sheet of paper and a pencil. After each task, you will record on a piece of paper which type of reaction - RIGHT or LEFT - manifested itself in you. They can be marked, for example, with the letters “P” and “l”.
Let's start the first task. Place your hands in front of you and interlace your fingers. Look which of the two thumbs is on top - the right or the left. If the right finger is on top, then this is the right type of reaction (the leading hemisphere is the left), mark this on your sheet. If the left finger is on top, then your reaction type is left, and the leading hemisphere is right (and in the following tasks, respectively, as well).
Let's move on to the second task. Your eyes are open. Place your index fingers in front of your eyes as if you were aiming a gun, while catching and fixating with your eyes the point at which you are shooting (don’t close your eyes!).
Now close first one and then the other eye. See which of these two cases causes the aiming point to move. If the point moves when your right eye is closed, then your reaction type is right, if the point moves when your left eye is closed, then your reaction type is left.
Let's move on to the third task. This is the so-called Napoleon pose. Cross your arms over your chest and see which hand is on top, right or left. Record the result.
Finally, the fourth task. First, applaud a little. Now pay attention to which hand is on top - right or left. Now record this result on your piece of paper.
All tasks have been completed. By the number of right and left types of reaction, you can, to a first approximation, determine your type of interhemispheric asymmetry.
First task allows you to judge the general nature of your psychological makeup, whether it is logical (left-brain) or emotional (right-brain)
Second task can talk about character traits such as firmness and aggressiveness.
Third - indicate a tendency towards simplicity or coquetry.
Fourth - on decisiveness or indecisiveness of character.
But more detailed description types based on testing results:
PPPP – orientation towards generally accepted opinion (stereotypes), conservative type of character, the most stable (correct) behavior.
PPpl – uncertain conservatism, weak temperament. Indecisiveness.
PPlP – ability to coquetry, determination, sense of humor, activity, energy, temperament, artistry. When communicating with him, humor and determination are necessary, since this strong character does not accept weak types.
PPll – a rare and independent type of character. Coquetry, sense of humor, gentleness, artistry. Some contradiction between indecision and strength of character. High contact, but slow addiction.
PlPP – a business type of character, combining an analytical mind and gentleness. More common in women. The generally accepted type of "business woman".
Slow addiction, caution. Such people never go into conflict head-on; they are dominated by calculation, tolerance, “viscosity,” slowness in the development of relationships, and a certain coldness.
PlPl – the weakest type of character, very rare. Defenselessness and weakness. Exposure to various influences. Occurs only in women.
PllP – a tendency to new experiences and the ability not to create conflicts. Some inconstancy, the ability to flirt in an analytical manner, special gentleness. Emotional slowness, languor. Simplicity and rare courage in communication, the ability to switch to a new type of behavior. More common in women.
Pllll – fickle and independent character, the main feature is analyticalness. Rarely seen.
lSTI – a frequently encountered character type with very good adaptation to different conditions.Emotionality combined with insufficient persistence, which primarily manifests itself in basic strategic issues (marriage, education, etc.). High susceptibility to other people's influence. Easily communicates with all other character types. In men, emotionality is reduced and there is a tendency to be phlegmatic.
lPPl – weak persistence, gentleness, yielding to cautious influence, naivety.Requires a particularly careful attitude towards oneself - more often in women, the “little queen” type.
lPlP – the strongest type of character, difficult to convince. Able to show persistence, but sometimes it turns into “obsession” with secondary goals.Strong personality, energy, ability to overcome difficulties. Some conservatism due to insufficient attention to someone else's point of view.
Such people do not like immaturity.
lPll – Strong and unobtrusive character. Almost impossible to convince.
The main feature is internal aggressiveness, covered with external softness and emotionality. Fast interaction, but slow mutual understanding.
llPP – friendliness and simplicity, some dispersion of interests.
llpl – main features: simplicity, gentleness, gullibility. This is a very rare type (1% of women, almost never found in men).
lllP – emotionality combined with decisiveness (the main feature), energy, and some scatteredness lead to the fact that such characters are capable of emotional, quickly made, ill-considered decisions. Therefore, additional “braking mechanisms” are important when communicating with them.
lllll – the ability to take a fresh look at things (anti-conservatism), the greatest emotionality, individuality, selfishness, stubbornness, security, sometimes turning into isolation.
The ability to smile dazzlingly.
Have you determined? Does it match your character?
Chapter 2. Practical part
Having studied all the materials about left-handers, I came to the conclusion that under no circumstances should we be retrained! This is interference with the functioning of brain structures.
For many years in a row, kindergarten teachers, teachers, and pediatricians stubbornly struggled with left-handedness. All learning programs were designed for right-handed people, life was adjusted only for them. Even parents did not always support left-handers, because they did not want their children to stand out from others, fearing that this would affect their relationships with the environment. And although society ignored left-handedness in every possible way, progressive doctors have always stated: left-handed people are special. After all, important neurophysiological reactions in them proceed differently than in right-handed people. And it was scientists who were the first to raise their voices in defense of left-handers, because they knew: every violent psychological effect on the human body, a ban on using what is convenient, negatively affects the individual.
Now I would like to prove all this in practice!
2.1. Organization and analysis of a survey of 3rd grade students at gymnasium No. 86
I decided to conduct my research, which took place in two stages:
1. Questioning of 3rd grade students.
2. Experiment in the lesson.
The purpose of the survey: find out how many left-handers study in our school in the third grade. And is it really true that there are half as many left-handed girls as boys? How many of them are left-handed “by heredity”, and how many are not? And does this affect their hobbies and performance at school?
To achieve this goal, a questionnaire was compiled, which was filled out by schoolchildren of the 3rd grade of gymnasium No. 86 in Ufa, a total of 83 people, among them 45 girls (54%) and 38 boys (46%).
Questions asked:
Who are you - a girl or a boy?
Which hand do you write - right or left?
Do you have a left-handed person in your family?
Who do you want to become in the future?
It turned out that among our third-graders, 7 people are left-handed, and this is only 8%. It's really not enough. But are there really fewer left-handed girls than boys? In our case, this was not confirmed: there were 4 girls (57%) and 3 boys (43%). And what’s noteworthy is that among right-handers, the number of girls and boys was also divided almost equally: 54% and 46%, respectively.
When answering the second question, I wanted to find out whether all left-handers are left-handed by heredity. It turned out that there are 3 people (43%) who are “hereditary” left-handed. And 20% of right-handers had a very high chance of being born left-handed.
When answering the fourth question, 6 left-handers, or 86%, chose professions of a creative or sports orientation, and among right-handers, the majority - 52% - chose professions where more logical thinking is required. At the same time, 10% of right-handers do not know what they want to be, and 38% have chosen professions of a creative or sports orientation.
In addition, I conducted a survey of class teachers to find out whether left-handedness affects children’s academic performance and handwriting. All 7 left-handed people study at 4 and 5. Almost all of them also have smooth and neat handwriting. Several people graduated from the second grade with honors.
2.2. Organization and analysis of experimental work among 2nd grade students of gymnasium No. 86
Purpose of the experiment: find out whether the thinking and perception of the surrounding reality differs between left-handers and right-handers.
The experiment consisted of:
The children were asked to divide nine words into groups according to any criterion:
fish, feathers, run, dog, scales, fly, wool, swim, bird.
As a result of the first experiment, 86% of left-handers and 20% of right-handers have imaginative thinking, i.e. they divided the words this way: fish+scales+swim, etc. And 14% of left-handers (1 person out of 7) and 80% of right-handers divided words according to logical chains: animal - action - covers or noun - verb.
As a result of the second experiment, 100% of left-handers chose the circle and zigzag shapes. These figures, according to psychological assessment, mean: a symbol of harmony (circle) and a symbol of creativity (zigzag), inherent in people with a right-hemisphere type of thinking, imaginative. The same figures were chosen by 60% of right-handers. The square and triangle shapes were chosen only by right-handed people - 40%; these shapes are characteristic of people with a left-hemisphere, logical type of thinking.
And as a result of the third experiment, I concluded that the drawings of left-handers are radically different from each other. Here there is an exact execution of what was seen and some kind of personal perception of reality, and its own figurative “geometry” taking into account additional details.
The drawings of right-handers were made in accordance with the assignment: a house and a tree. They are definitely all similar to each other, which suggests that the authors performed the task following logic.
From the survey and experiment I conducted, we can conclude that in right-handed people the left hemisphere is indeed more dominant. boolean type thinking, and for left-handed people - right-hemisphere imaginative. But this does not in any way affect the learning process and handwriting of left-handers. Just like the fact that a right-handed person can be a creative and imaginative person. Those. There is absolutely no need to retrain a left-handed person, thereby causing him physical inconvenience and, possibly, psychological suffering.
Maybe you just need to accept the fact that the world is not completely “right, right-handed.” Make it more convenient for left-handed people by creating more things for them. For example, here are some left-handed items that are already available for purchase and that were not available before:
And much more.
Thus, the set goals and objectives have been achieved:
Literature on a given topic was studied;
The cause of “left-handedness” and the peculiarities of the development of left-handers have been studied;
A survey of 3rd grade students and experiments in the classroom were conducted;
Conclusions have been drawn.
The materials in this work are for informational purposes only and can be used as an additional aid in lessons or classroom hours, as a work containing quite Interesting Facts.
Conclusion
In the world, 20-25% of babies are born left-handed, and there are twice as many left-handed men as women. It has been proven that left-handed people are extraordinary, talented, creative, smart, and skillful. And, at first glance, the only thing that distinguishes them from most people is that when greeting them they offer their left hand...
But science still cannot give an exact answer to the question of why the same parents give birth to left-handed and right-handed children, why nature has divided us, like one image in a mirror.
It is known for sure that left-handedness is inherited. It has been proven that 50% of children become so if their father and mother are left-handed. And at the same time, more than 6% of left-handed people are children of right-handed parents. Perhaps this mystery will not be solved until one of the biggest secrets is revealed human brain- its asymmetry. And our “main computer” is designed in such a way that the right and left hemispheres, although outwardly similar, differ in both structure and function.
We cannot yet unravel the phenomenon of left-handedness, but we must evaluate it as a variant of the norm and as a clear evidence of the versatility of human nature. So if your baby is left-handed, welcome! Who knows, maybe you have a little Leonardo growing up...
Bibliography:
Pokrovsky V.I. Left-handedness//Encyclopedia of health. - M.:IPO Author, 1992.-P.248-249.
Bekkelman L. Sensing brain//Man.- M.: LLC Astrel, 2002.-P.17.
Akimov G.E. How to help your child. – Ekaterinburg, 2003. – 110 p.
Airapetyants V.A. Left-handed child // Education and training of children with developmental disorders. - 2003 - No. 3.
Vartanyan G. A., Klementyev B. I. Chemical symmetry and asymmetry of the brain. M: Medicine, 1991
"Wikipendia". Free encyclopedia. Wikipedia. ha.
Efremov K. Left - right brain // Knowledge is power. - 2002 - No. 8.
Markina N. The brain of right-handers and left-handers - What is the difference? “Science and Life” - 2001 - No. 6.
Don't retrain left-handed people. No. 8, 2002 / Magazine “Science and Life”.
Site about left-handed problems, w.w.w. left hand. ru.
Subject : I'm left-handed!
Our planet is huge. There's a lot on her amazing and beautiful. But what surprises me most is the person living on it. He lives for millions of years on earth, and still conceals a lot of unknown and mysterious things. One of the mysteries is left-handedness. The topic of left-handedness is very important and interesting for me, because I'm left-handed. Already at 8 months my parents noticed that I I pick up objects with my left hand. I would like to know why I am not like everyone else? Therefore, the topic of research is extremely relevant for me.
The purpose of my work:
Prove that left-handedness is not a human defect
Practical significance of the study
is that the relevant literature on the problem will be studied, conclusions will be drawn and recommendations will be given to attentive teachers and parents.
Research hypothesis:
Perhaps my parents made a mistake by not teaching me to write with my right hand?
Research objectives:
Why do people use their left hand and not their right hand?
What functions are the left and right hemispheres of the brain responsible for?
What is the difference between the functioning of the brain in left-handed people and right-handed people?
How to teach such children?
Find out if there are objects or things for left-handed people?
Research methods:
Analysis of sources of information on the problem under study.
Observation. Object of observation: students of Municipal Educational Institution Abatskaya Secondary School No. 1
Testing 4th and 1st grade students, kindergarten children - a way to determine the leading hand.
Processing and analysis of the obtained data.
Throughout the development of mankind, people who differ from the majority in some way individual characteristics, for example, left-handers, aroused interest and surprise. However, attitudes towards left-handers were not the same across different countries ah and at different times, but, as a rule, it had a touch of wariness and negativism.
In many languages there is a negative attitude towards everything leftist, not excluding left-handers.
The Russian language also provides many examples of this kind. “Illegal goods” are goods sold illegally, or goods that are counterfeit or counterfeit. Similarly, one can consider the meaning of the phrases “left income”, “left money”, “in the left way”, etc. A similar connotation of the word “left” is also found in expressions not related to finance: “as the left leg wants”, “left side ", "stand up on your left foot", etc.
IN English language the word "left-handed" has additional meanings"clumsy", "hypocritical", "sinister", "illegal". Similar connections can be traced in French, Italian, Spanish, and German.
Considering the connection between language and consciousness, one should hardly be surprised at the negative stereotypical perception of left-handers by the “right-handed” majority.
Fortunately, in our time, attitudes towards various manifestations of individuality are changing throughout the planet. Now the phenomenon of left-handedness is being studied a lot, the results of this work make it possible to change the stereotypical perception of left-handed people and even gradually develop methods for teaching them.
Why do lefties appear?
Scientists put forward the following hypothesis: in ancient times, people used their left and right hands equally. Everything changed when the man began to speak. The functioning of the brain is the reason why a person becomes left-handed or right-handed. It is known that the left hemisphere of the brain controls the right side of the body, and the right hemisphere controls the left. Human speech is associated with the work of the left hemisphere, therefore, the more the ability to speak developed in a person, the more significant the role speech played in his life, the more the left hemisphere of his brain developed and became influential, and, accordingly, the right part of the body controlled by it. The right hemisphere gradually lagged behind the left in its development. This is why left-handed people are often slower to speak and read, although they still have a number of advantages.
Slide 7
It would seem that the organization of brain activity in left-handers should be the same as in right-handers, but in a mirror image. But this is not true at all! Left-handed people are structured and develop according to completely different laws.
In right-handed people, the right and left hemispheres of the brain have their own functions and are in constant interaction. Information from the outside enters first into the right hemisphere, where it is recognized, “receives an image,” and then to the left, where it is concretized and named. The right hemisphere (in right-handed people) is primarily responsible for assessing spatial relationships, imagination, holistic perception, assessing rhythms, and simultaneous perception of multiple stimuli.
The left hemisphere specializes in assessing temporal relationships, concretizing verbal expressions, numbers, analytical sequential perception, abstract and generalized thinking. The right cerebral hemisphere is associated mainly with the sensitive sphere, and the left is associated with the motor and speech sphere. The right hemisphere is responsible for the work of the left half of the body, and the left hemisphere is responsible for the work of the right half of the body. For most people, the “logical” left hemisphere dominates, and the energetic, subcortical structures play an organizing role. Within the hemispheres, the components of mental functions are also quite clearly localized, for example, the parietal zone of the left and right hemispheres is responsible for spatial representations and spatial organization of mental functions, and the temporal region of the left hemisphere is responsible for understanding spoken speech.
In a left-handed person, both hemispheres, as a rule, are more autonomous in their work; interhemispheric interactions are formed much later than in a right-handed person. IN Everyday life this manifests itself as follows: the child often does not hear the question addressed to him, often cannot explain the meaning of the word or speech addressed to him. Often a “left-hander” draws incorrect conclusions from a story he reads or interprets it in a non-standard way. life situation.
If a left-handed child does not receive proper education and development, in terms of his brain organization he remains an “eternal child.” Maybe this is where the unconventional actions, naive judgments, and life inability of some left-handers come from? Plus, in a left-handed person, the right, figurative, hemisphere dominates. Hence the rich imagination, fantasies and fears.
Causes of left-handedness
One of the most important issues determining the approach to left-handed people is the question of the causes of left-handedness. They may be different.
The most common is the so-called genetic left-handedness. Genetic left-handers may not have any developmental disorders, then this is considered simply an individual peculiarity, a variant of normal development.
The second type is " compensatory"left-handedness associated with any damage to the brain, more often to its left hemisphere. In the event of any injury, illness on early stage development of the child, the right hemisphere can take over the corresponding functions. Thus, the left hand becomes the leading hand, that is, more active when performing everyday activities, and subsequently, most often, when writing.
The third type is " forced"Left-handedness. The choice of the leading hand in such left-handed people is usually associated with an injury to the right hand, but can also be the result of imitation of family or friends.
Separately should be considered pseudo-left-handedness. By a certain age (finally by about 5 years) in a child, one of the hemispheres is formed as dominant in relation to a given hand (for example, in right-handed people - the left hemisphere). But such a feature of the brain as prenatal leads to atypia of mental development, which, in turn, prevents the formation of either interhemispheric interaction or specialization of the hemispheres. Thus, children do not develop dominance of the right or left hemispheres in relation to the hand. Then pseudo-left-handedness is observed, or, what is more common, approximately equal use of both hands. Often, after several lessons under the guidance of psychologists, the child begins to write and draw with his right hand without any coercion.
In addition to all of the above, it is possible for children to develop the so-called " hidden left-handedness", i.e., a change in the dominant hemisphere. The moment of change is the critical period when the main functions of the central nervous system are evenly distributed between the two hemispheres, after which the right hemisphere begins to dominate. Such people can be conditionally called “mental” left-handers or “hidden” left-handers, in the sense that their signs of left-handedness are not associated with dominance of the left hand.
Scientists believe that the category of “left-handed children” is not at all homogeneous, such children have individual characteristics, and the phenomenon of left-handedness needs to be studied.
Currently, there are several views on the natural abilities of left-handed people compared to right-handed people.
The first is based on the fact that indicators of behavior and neuropsychic activity in left-handers are worse than in right-handers.
The second approach asserts the equality of abilities of right-handers and left-handers.
According to the third approach, left-handers have higher rates of neuropsychic activity and greater adaptive capabilities than right-handers. This is justified by the fact that a left-handed person constantly has to adapt to the “right-handed” world.
One of the next tasks of my research, which arose during the course of my work, is to determine through observation of children possible reasons reducing the number of left-handed children during the school period.
There are children who persistently use only their left or only their right hand when performing activities such as eating, playing, and gesturing. Other children are easily influenced and, after a little confusion, can, by imitating those around them, change their dominant hand. In this case, non-violent retraining takes place. Adults, without focusing on the child’s personality, tell children: “Guys, take the spoon (pen, pencil) correctly” (while showing how to do it). And the child, as a rule, imitates adults or peers. In such children, latent left-handedness develops, which manifests itself only in exceptional cases (during excitement). In a normal situation, such children do not differ in behavior from right-handers. Apparently, this explains the phenomenon of a right-handed person who does not know that he is left-handed from birth. I studied the family photo archive and found a lot of evidence that in early childhood I gave preference to my left hand (active actions and gestures with my left hand, dominance of my left hand). And children with persistent left-handedness do not respond to the example of others, they are capricious if they try to change their leading hand. These are persistent left-handers, of whom, as statistics show, there are about 10%.
Determination of the leading hand
In addition, having conducted testing among 5 children (the age of formation of a strong preference for one or another hand) to determine the leading hand according to the method of M.N. Knyazeva - V.Yu. Vildavsky, I received the following result: according to the test results in the senior group of kindergarten, from 40 to 50% of children completed test tasks with their left hand. That is, there is hidden left-handedness among children.
When testing in 1st grade, the results showed that the number of children completing tasks decreased. This can be seen in the diagram.
Among my classmates, I also conducted a test to determine the leading hand in an activity. Having processed the questionnaire data, I received the following results: 40% (8 people) of my classmates are ambidextrous, that is, in everyday life they quite often use one and the other hand as a leading hand, 30% (6 people) use their left hand as a leading hand more often than the right . Whereas in the class there are only 2 left-handed students. This indicates hidden left-handedness. One student in our class completed all test tasks only with his left hand. He said that before school he did everything with his left hand. In the first grade I began to write with my left hand, and then began to write with my right. He came to us in 3rd grade.
Comparing my writing and his, I came to the conclusion: I write well.
Perhaps thanks to my relatives, who noticed my left-handedness in time and did not retrain me.
Although, as my teacher admitted, it was very difficult to teach me to write. And she told me that the problem of retraining was solved in 1985. Now absolutely every teacher is firmly convinced of the dangers of retraining left-handedness, since there is a lot of evidence that forced retraining and a negative attitude towards left-handedness leads to neuropsychiatric disorders and has a detrimental effect on the health, development and school success of children. Doctors have calculated that every third child who stutters is a retrained left-hander.
Consequently, based on the above facts, we can conclude that children with implicitly identified left-handedness in some cases adapt to a right-handed environment, which reduces the percentage of left-handers to school age, since a strong preference for the hand is formed by the age of 5 (preschool period).
How does a left-handed person live in a right-handed world?
In our village, not a single store sells items for left-handed children.
If possible, I advise everyone who has such children to purchase special stationery for left-handers. In this case, your baby will not have to go through various tricks to adapt right-handed things to his left hand.
N 
For example, a ballpoint pen with special grooves for proper fixation of fingers and quick-drying ink will make writing with your left hand very comfortable and convenient.
Scissors for left-handed people, thanks to their inverted blades, easily cut paper when working with the left hand, unlike ordinary scissors for right-handed people, which, when used by left-handed people, only bend and crumple it.
L 
A ruler with scale markings from right to left solves problems arising from inconvenient movement of the hand from left to right, during which the hand covers the scale of the ruler and the drawn line is smeared.
IN 
In a left-handed sharpener, the blade is turned the other way.
If a child uses special school supplies from the very beginning of school, then most likely he will not feel discomfort.
It even turns out that there are special copybooks for left-handed children, which differ from the usual ones in that all samples are written on the right side in relation to the student to expand the visual zone. Writing letters in them is accompanied by auxiliary signs - dots (where to start writing) and arrows (direction of writing). It's a pity that I found out about this late!
I learned from the INTERNET that a whole specific industry has formed in the West, making the life of the “left minority” more comfortable and safer. For it, scissors and corkscrews are produced that work in reverse, rulers with a scale located in the other direction, special computer mice, surgical supplies, sporting goods and even musical instruments.
In England, where, unlike Russia, the attitude towards left-handers has always been more attentive, there are only four specialized stationary stores for this category of buyers, so in Russia there are even fewer of them, and besides, in our country, the majority of left-handers are passive as buyers.
Here are several online stores where you can purchase products for left-handers:
http://www.lefthandwriting.ru/stationery products for left-handers, pens, pencils, rulers, erasers, etc.
http://www.levo.labms.ru/goods for left-handers, knives, corkscrews, copybooks, sets for schoolchildren
http://www.lefthandshop.ru/left-handed goods store
Most of humanity is right-handed. There are much fewer left-handers, according to researchers from different countries, from 5 to 30%. It is noted that there are pronounced left-handers or right-handers, there are those who are most active with one or another hand, and there are ambidextrous people - people who are equally good at using both limbs.
According to my research, in our school, out of 406 students, only 21 children write with their left hand. Of these, 16 people study at “4” and “5”. Therefore, we can conclude: left-handedness does not affect the quality of learning.
Studying the literature on this issue, I became convinced that left-handers exhibit higher Creative skills. Among left-handed people there is clear evidence of this:
generals Alexander the Great, Napoleon, scientist I.P. Pavlov, artists Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, writer Lewis Carroll, actor Charlie Chaplin, finally, US President W. Clinton and many others.
As a result of my work on the project, I came to the following conclusions:
Left-handedness is an individual variant of the norm. A tendency to use one hand or another cannot be considered a developmental deviation.
The most common causes of left-handedness are heredity and developmental pathology.
The preference for the dominant hand is finally determined by the age of 5 years.
The factor of retraining a left-handed person leads to the emergence of school neuroses.
The number of left-handers decreases with age, since the aggressiveness of the right-handed environment forces left-handers to adapt (non-violent retraining).
Implementing an individual approach to the peculiarities of a left-handed child’s perception of the world will reduce the problems of left-handed adaptation in a predominantly right-handed world.
My parents were right in not teaching me to write with my right hand!
I study with an “A”, read more than 180 words per minute, attend a dance club, music school, and participate in school competitions and take prizes.
The Earth has existed for millions of years. Much is changing on it: civilizations are disappearing and being reborn, humanity is moving along the path of progress - everything in it has become completely different. But still there is something imperishable, eternal, which has always been and will always be. People will always be born, live and die; and they will always follow the thorny path to their perfection, each time again resolving eternal life problems, overcoming obstacles, enduring disasters and yet conquering large and small peaks.
The topic of my left-handedness also opened up a little for me, a lot became clear to me, I began to feel completely differently about myself.
List of used literature:
Semenovich A.V. "These incredible lefties." – M.; Genesis, 2007.
Deitch G. “Left brain, right brain” - M.: Mir, 1987.
Airapetyants V.A. Left-handedness in children and adolescents. – M.: Nauka, 1987.
Bezrukikh M.M. “Left-handed child at school and at home.” – St. Petersburg: U-Factoria, 2004.
Dobrokhotova T.A., Bragina N.N. Lefties. – M.: Book, 1994.
Makaryev I. If your child is left-handed. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 1995
Pyatnitsa T.V. “Left-handedness as a norm of development” - M.: Aversef, 2007.
Annex 1
Handedness test
Pay attention to which hand the child is holding a pen or pencil.
While sitting, put one leg on the other. Which leg will be on top?
Interlace your fingers into a lock. If the finger of the right hand is on top - a sign of a right-hander, the left - a sign of a left-hander.
Invite your child to clap their hands so that one hand is on top.
Cross your arms over your chest. The forearm of which hand will be on top?
Look into the paper tube with one eye. What kind of eye will it be?
Brush hair. Which hand will the comb be in?
Appendix 2
Tips for parents
If the child is left-handed
"Shell curls with rare exceptions
wrapped from right to left. And if you come across
The shell is left-handed; connoisseurs value it worth its weight in gold.”
Jules Bern
The list of the most well-known, although not always reliable, facts about left-handed people includes the following:
Lefties make up 20% of all talented people
They are more common among men than among women
It is difficult to fencing (boxing, playing tennis) with left-handed people, while 40% of gold medals in boxing were won by left-handed people
They often have speech disorders
The use of the left or right hand as a leading hand (the so-called "handedness") is a reflection cerebral organization of human mental activity. It cannot be changed at your own discretion, since any intervention, especially at an early age, leads to unpredictable consequences, which,especially dangerous, they may not appear immediately, but after several years.
Advice 2. It is better to teach a left-handed person to compare himself with himself.
Advice 3. Parents of a little left-hander need to make sure every time that the left-handed student has really learned new material(or found my own way of learning).
Tip 4. To teach a left-handed child to use a spoon, needle, scissors, brush, tie shoelaces, fasten buttons, etc., take his hands in yours and repeat the desired movement several times with him. Your task is to literally force the child’s body to remember this or that operation, the relative position in each case of his fingers, toes, torso, and head.
Advice 5. Give the left-hander time to get involved in the work; do not rush him if he cannot do several things at once.
Tip 6. During your morning exercises, offer exercises that involve both arms or legs (for example, imitation crawl swimming). Each exercise must be previously practiced in its individual component movements. Remember that fresh air and (physical exercise) are necessary for a child’s full mental activity.
Advice 7 Swimming in general is very useful, and especially for left-handers with their problems of coordination of movements. But if there is no swimming pool or gym nearby, it’s not scary. Even such low-cost types of exercises as oculomotor exercises help (following with your eyes a moving object or independently - left, right, up, down, etc.). As they are mastered, they can be performed in conjunction with movements of the tongue muscles: first, the tongue and eyes move in the same direction, then in the opposite direction.
Advice 8 To overcome speech difficulties with a child, you need to talk more, teaching him to independently select the right words, without “well, what’s his name, it’s understandable!” Such textbook games as “Cities”, etc. are very useful.
Tip 9 Be aware of all his school assignments, carefully monitor their implementation. When grading homework, avoid negative grades. Praise for everything, reward with useful things for following the schedule: a book, a theater ticket, an educational game.
Tip 10 Give your child a room or part of it that will become his or her own territory. It is important that the desktop is positioned so that the child sees a smooth wall in front of him, so that nothing distracts him. Simplicity, calm color and order will help him concentrate on his studies.
Tip 11 Organize in the non-working part of his habitat everything that is necessary for imagination and creativity, allow the child to express himself: if he draws well, put up a children's easel or hang a sheet of whatman paper, if he writes poetry, get a special notebook for them. Seriously discuss his work with your child . Inquire regularly
his success at school. G
Tip 12 Start with self-discipline. Communicating and living with disorganized people is unacceptable for a left-handed person. Try to be consistent - if the older generation allows slack, the younger generation stops working!
Appendix 3
I would like to draw the attention of teachers to the recommendations of A. Soboleva, since I cannot yet give advice to teachers.
| Alexandra SOBOLEV Lefties are special children... Give him some personal time: Love lefty. Bring as much trust and warmth into your relationship with him as possible, but do not become familiar. Keep your distance. Be not his friend, but a teacher - a person entrusted with organizing and monitoring his training. Don't rush the lefty. If he doesn't have time to do tasks with everyone else, try giving him individual tasks on a card. Try to make sure that he does not demonstrate his inadequacy in front of the children - for example, do not read out loud if he is bad at it. Beware of harsh statements addressed to him. Praise the left-hander for everything he does. When praised, these children literally blossom. A left-handed person will easily master the material if you ask him to “figure it out” himself: for example, come up with the ending of a story, and then tell how the author developed the plot. By the way, other children will also like it. A left-handed person assimilates everything that he touched, smelled, and sketched. Tell your parents about this, allow him, on a separate piece of paper, when you talk orally, to draw something related to the topic of your explanation. Refrain from emotional remarks in school notebooks or a diary with a pen with thick pressure. Once again I want to emphasize that a left-handed child needs an individual approach. Therefore, although the tasks proposed below can be used in the classroom, they are mainly designed for additional work by parents or a psychologist. Activities that lefties will enjoy Reading Sometimes it is difficult for children to master reading because they do not have a clearly established image of a letter in their minds. This problem can be easily eliminated if you draw letters and people that look like letters on the sand or snow, sculpt letters and words from clay or salt dough, lay them out from twigs, etc. “Draw” letters, and then words, in the air, on the child’s back, on his hand - let him guess them, and also ask you the same tasks - after all, he also wants to be in the role of a teacher! While reading aloud to him, ask: “Can you imagine all this?” - because those guys who have not yet developed imaginative thinking usually don’t want to learn to read. Due to poor reading, a child often does not have time to learn the content of the works required by the program. Offer your “martyr” another way to study the subject. Today, a huge number of audio cassettes with recordings of classical works are sold. By playing the cassette to your child before bedtime, you will help him absorb the content of the work more effectively. It is much easier to read the text if you know the intonation and characters of the characters. In addition, by perceiving the text by ear, the child develops auditory perception. This way, he will not only passively learn the assigned book, but will also develop a love for reading. You can show your child a film based on a literary work. True, the plot of the film may be very far from the original source, so it is advisable for an adult to know the content in order to correct the development of events and the behavior of the characters in time. Many literary works show life as it really is. Draw analogies between life and an episode from a book - and the young reader will understand that literature is not an abstract fiction, but a very useful thing in life. A child who, standing on the seashore, hears Lermontov’s poem “Sail”, will not be able to remain indifferent to poetry. Speech development One of the disadvantages of being left-handed is ignorance of low-frequency words, that is, those words that are not used very often. The cap of a mushroom, the spout of a teapot, the crown of a tree, the back of a chair - some people are completely unfamiliar with these words. In professional language this is called poverty of speech. Ignorance of many words or their meanings leads to the fact that the child is not able to express his own thoughts not only beautifully, but also clearly and understandably. Sometimes his speech becomes a mystery even to his parents, especially when children try to retell their favorite movie or talk about what happened on the street during a game. Because of this, unsatisfactory grades for retellings, presentations and essays. Poverty of speech can cause a negative attitude towards literature lessons and reading as a process. After all, while reading, the student does not understand the meaning of most of the words, which means that the meaning of the entire text remains unclear to him. You can learn low-frequency words while walking. While enjoying the fresh air, the child, with the help of your explanations, will quickly understand the difference between the crown and branches, better recognize forest animals and birds, the structural features of their bodies, and master vocabulary associated with natural phenomena. Familiar to us since childhood word game(we call new words in turn, starting with the last letter of the previous word) will help the child remember the spelling of many words and expand his vocabulary. Game "Gallows" or "Balda", is extremely useful for students who miss letters in a word. The rules of the game are as follows: one guesses a word, indicating which area it is from (fruit, transport, furniture), and indicating its first and last letters, and their total number is replaced by dashes. For example, the word orange will look like this: A - - - - - - N. The other one names any letters, trying to guess the missing ones. The correctly named letter falls into place, and the incorrectly named one turns into either part of the gallows or the letters of the word. idiot. The game ends if the word is guessed, as well as if a gallows is built or a word is composed idiot. You can also memorize vocabulary words with the help of funny drawings, drawing problematic letters in them. For example, cow can be drawn with huge eyes in the form of letters O , A coat may have a style in the shape of the same A , which is most often misspelled. To work on the spelling of prefixes or unstressed vowels, come up with ideas together funny stories- fairy tales that reflect a difficult rule. For example, writing some words with the prefixes pri- and pre- will help you remember the following “composition”: Once upon a time there was At thought. She loved very much at think of all sorts of outfits. Once at she thought to herself a dress. At measure - ugly. At villages At thought, at thought about it. I decided at sew lace to the dress. At I sewed and went to show my friend Pre. « Pre flattering, pre sunrise!” – admired Pre. At thought at jumped on the spot at stomped at slammed at clung to her friend and said that next time she at thinks something special for pre red Pre. « Pre I’m very grateful,” she replied. Game "Whole Animal". It is advisable to play in a group of 3-4 people. The presenter gives the task: describe elephant. Each child must name one sentence in turn. Masha. It's gray. The one who cannot name the next sentence loses. Next, the presenter supplements and corrects the children’s information and invites one of them to retell the description in full. Homework: write down a story and draw an animal. |
MAOU "Spasskaya Secondary School"
Tomsk district
Topic: I'm left-handed.
Completed by: Kazin Pavel
Student 3 "B" class
Head: Kazina
Olga
Primary school teacher
Vershinino 2014
Content
1.Introduction…………………………………………..3
2. Research methodology……………………….4
3. Research part………………………5
4.Research results………………………..10
5. List of references used…………...12
6.Appendices……………………………………………………13
Introduction.
Everyone tells me that I am left-handed! I really do everything with my left hand. I wondered why am I not like most people? Why are some people more comfortable using their left hand? How many of us are left-handed? Can left-handedness affect my academic success and my life in general? Do left-handed people need to be retrained? And I decided to find answers to these questions.
Target: Find out why I am left-handed and whether this affects my performance at school.
Hypotheses:
1. Right-handedness is the result of training and traditions.
2. A person’s leading hand is determined by his brain.
3. Left-handedness affects school performance.
Tasks:
1. Conduct an experiment to determine the reliability of the first hypothesis.
2. Study scientific sources.
3.Collect the necessary information on this issue.
4. Conduct research to identify left-handers among peers.
5. Conduct an analysis of academic performance in primary school.
Relevance of the topic. In general, I found the topic very interesting and relevant not only for myself, since I am left-handed, but also for many other people. After all, almost everyone has at least one relative or acquaintance who is left-handed! I wouldn’t be surprised if some of you are left-handed yourself, although you may not even know it. In my work I will tell you why this is possible.
According to experts, more than 20% of people in the world are left-handed. At the same time, the causes of left-handedness are interesting.
In addition, there is a common belief that it is mainly left-handed children who create problems in school. Currently, the importance of reviewing this problem is based on the ever-growing number of left-handed schoolchildren.
Place and dates. " Spasskaya Secondary School", 2013 - 2014
Research methodology.
There are special tests to identify left-handers. See (Appendix 1). I conducted such a study among my relatives (mom, dad, grandmother) and peers. The data was recorded in a table.
Table 1.
Test data.
Student's last name
Leading hand
Leading ear
Leading eye
Leading leg
Result
Table 2.
Russian language.
Mathematics.
Reading.
The world.
Average score.
Absolutely right-handed.
Absolute lefties.
Partial lefties
Research part.
Have you ever wondered why some people prefer their left hand? Why is this convenient for them? In an attempt to answer these questions, I put forward several hypotheses.
Hypothesis 1: right-handedness is the result of training and tradition.
Perhaps a small child does not care which hand to pick up objects with, and so is taught to use the right hand by tradition. So maybe I simply wasn’t taught how to use the right hand?
But my mother says that from early childhood I strove to take the spoon with my left hand. Growing up, I took a pencil in my left hand. Mom tried to retrain me, but seeing my suffering at the same time, and noticing that I could do everything much better with my left hand, she gave up. And now I write with my left hand!
Of course, if my mother had continued to persist, I would have learned to write with my right hand. So why did I initially want to do everything with my left hand?
But my older brother, for example, he is 18 years old, has been doing everything with his right hand since birth. But no one taught him this.
Conclusion: A person is born left-handed or right-handed.
This means that this hypothesis was not confirmed.
Obviously, the reason lies in human anatomy, or rather in the structure of his brain.
Hypothesis 2: a person’s leading hand is determined by his brain.
To confirm this hypothesis, I turned to scientific sources.
One of the mysteries of the human brain is its asymmetry: the right and left hemispheres of the brain, although externally similar, differ in structure and function.
Scientists have accumulated a huge amount of facts and observations, but for just a few decades in science, different views have been replacing each other on which of the brain hemispheres is “main” - the left or the right.
Today it is believed that most people are right-handed because most people's brains function in a certain direction. One half of the brain dominates the other half. The left hemisphere of the brain controls the functions of the right side of the body, and the right hemisphere of the brain controls the functions of the left side of the body. And most people are left-brain dominant, so the right half of their body is more skilled and better developed. In left-handed people, the brain works in the opposite direction. The right hemisphere of the brain is dominant, so the left side of the body works better.
Now, I understand that I am left-handed, since my right hemisphere of the brain is dominant.
What are the reasons for this? Why did my hemispheres “switch roles”?
Perhaps this is the result of birth injuries.
I turned to a specialist and found out that, indeed, it often happens that left-handedness is a way for the child’s brain to overcome some kind of birth trauma. For example, if the left hemisphere was damaged at birth, then the right hemisphere takes over some of its functions, and the child becomes “forced left-handed.”
I studied my honey. map.See (Appendix 4).It turned out that I did not have any birth injuries.
This means that this assumption does not apply to me.
So maybe left-handedness is inherited ?
It has been established that an important role in the choice of the leading hand is played byheredity. Statistics show this.
C statistics.
If both parents are right-handed, the probability of having a child is -left-handedness makes up 2%.
If one of the parents is left-handed, the probability increases to 17%.
If both parents are left-handed, there is a 46% chance of a left-handed child being born.
Let's do some research to see if there are any left-handers in my family.Mom says that she and dad are right-handed.
I'm watching my mom. She really does everything with her right hand. Dad too, I thinkwrites with the right hand. To be sure, I conducted several simple tests to determine the leading hand (I will talk about these tests a little later). Mother,Indeed, he is right-handed. But, surprisingly, dad, who always considered himselfright-handed according to test results, turned out to be partially left-handed.
Moreover, my great-grandmother was also left-handed
Knowing now my heredity, I come toconclusion :
I am left-handed because the right hemisphere of my brain is dominant. This is the result of heredity.
Hypothesis 3: left-handedness affects school performance. In order to find out the reliability of this hypothesis, a study was conducted to identify left-handers among students and student performance in basic subjects was studied.
From the scientific literature, I found out that any person not only has one “leading” hand, but also one “leading” eye, and the other “subordinate”, onethe ear perceives more and more actively, while the other, figuratively speaking, “plays a secondary role.”The same is true in the motor sphere: one leg is stronger, more active, takes a longer step andeven a little longer than its “colleague”. This, for example, explains the fact that a persongetting lost in the forest, he circles and returns to the same place from where he started.
In general, the concept of left-handedness is not entirely correct; it would be more accurate to say “left-handed.” And that's why. A left-handed person may have a leading right foot, a right ear or an eye, for example. That is, left-handedness and right-handedness can beabsolute and partial. There are also ambidextrous people - people whose both hemispheres work equally well, they are equally good at using both hands, ears, eyes, i.e. paired organs. There are very few such people.
Approximately 42% of the European population is absolutely right-handed.
Scientists who conducted research to identify “absolute” and “partial”left-handed people, they found that about 62% of such people. That is, more than half of healthyof people! And although different researchers have different percentages of left-handers and right-handersslightly different, it still turns out that lefties make up about halfgeneral population.
There are special tests to identify left-handers. And I conducted such a study among my classmates. You can get tested too. The results may surprise you! See Appendix 1.
Testing data was recorded in Table 1. See Appendix 2.
Test results .
There are 36 students in the primary school.
There were 25 students present at the time of the study.
“Absolutely right-handed” – 18 students.
“Partial left-handers” – 5 students.
“Absolute lefties” – 2 students.
I am an absolute lefty. I have a leading left hand, although I can do a lotdo it with your right hand. For example, I comb my hair with my left and right hands alternately, like thisI brush my teeth with both hands. That is, I have well-developed both arms, thanks to training. After all, in early childhood, my mother taught me to hold a spoon in my right hand. I also found out that my leading eye is my left eye, my left ear and my left leg.
Now I know the left-handers and right-handers of our school.
I wonder if my academic success, and the success of my classmates, depends on whether a person is left-handed or right-handed. To answer this question, my class teacher and I conducted comparative analysis student performance in core subjects. Students' quarter grades were considered. At the same time, it was noted whether the student was right-handed or left-handed.
Let's pay attention to what psychologists say about this.
Some psychologists note:
Left-handers and right-handers differ from each other not only in what hand they write. Uleft-handed people have much more pronounced concrete-figurative qualities. They are moreimpressionable, excitable, prone to emotional outbursts. ExactlyThat's whyThere are many left-handed people among artists. But the exact sciences, which right-handers are inclined to, left-handers, as a rule,are given with difficulty.
They also note that left-handed people have a hard time at school; they often confusethey read letters poorly, write slowly, have poor handwriting, and in general, it is believed that left-handed children often do not study well.
And here's what we got:
Having studied the performance of “absolute” right-handers, we found out that all studentsappeardifferent abilities, some have problems with mathematics and the Russian language. A littlemore than half of them study at “4” and “5”, some have “3”.
Among “partial” left-handers, the situation is similar - children, with a variety ofabilities, with varying performance at school.
But what about “absolute” left-handers? There are only 3 of us. One of us has academic success -good, the other - slightly lower, and the third - excellent.
From this study it turns out that a student’s mental abilities do not depend on whether he is left-handed or right-handed.I think it influences academic performancemany other factors (parental help, child’s mentality, etc.)
Of course, it is very difficult for left-handed children to get comfortable in a right-handed world, because all things- from door handles, locks, cars, musical instruments to the buttons on our clothes - are designed for right-handed people. But this absolutely does not meanthat lefties are doomed to fail. Moreover, seeing his mistakes, the left-hander persistently triesadapt to a “right-handed” world. This requires enormous effort from him, becausewhat an ordinary child develops naturally, a left-handed person must master withworkaround help. Wise nature prudently rewarded the little onesleft-handed people have enormous imagination and colossal self-control.
For example, I really had some problems mastering writing and reading.I sometimes he rearranged the letters (it is written: “he”, I read: “but”). But now I have dealt with it and, moreover, I want to argue with the established opinion that left-handersbad handwriting and they don't study well.
This is how I learn (3rd grade grades).
Mathematics – 5
Russian language – 4
Literary reading – 5
The world around us – 5
German – 5
Physical culture – 5
Labor training – 5
Music – 5
ISO - 5
It is also believed that left-handed people start speaking late. I'm at 1.6I've been telling little poems for years now.My right-handed brother is now 18 years old, but my mother told me that he spoke late. It seems to me that all this is very individual for each person. This does not depend on whether the person is right-handed or left-handed.
It should, of course, be noted that sometimes left-handed children really do not learn well. But the reason for this is not left-handedness, but many other factors.
So, left-handedness is not a vice or a defect, butin some sense even someadvantage. After all, most left-handers use both hands equally well.
More than half the population is left-handed or "partially" left-handed, and theyhave the same mental abilities and social achievements as right-handed people.
Conclusion: Left-handedness cannot be the cause of any developmental abnormalities or mental decline. abilities.
" The most capable" among left-handed children,can detect high indicators of mental development, mathematicalabilities, special achievements in architectural activity and demonstrate extraordinary abilities in original artistic and musical creativity.
So is it worth retraining lefties?
For a long time the main reason for the pressure on left-handers was anxiety about their socialadapting to a right-handed world. Many parents re-educated their children because they were afraid that“Leftism” will bring many problems to children. Left-handers got it both from teachers and fromschool teachers who strictly followed the guidelines - everyone should write only with their right hand, and left-handers should be retrained. Many people still hold this opinion. myThe kindergarten teacher strongly recommended that my mother retrain me.There were times that left-handed children even had their left arm tied to their body so that theylearned to use the right one, since doing everything with the left hand was considered bad manners and almost ugliness!
Fortunately, in last years publications in periodicals about harmfulnessretraining left-handers yielded results. Attitude towards left-handed people is significanthas changed.
" "Handedness" cannot be changed at your discretion! After all, any intervention in the functioning of the brain, especially at an early age, leads to unpredictable consequences that may not appear immediately, but after several years. Often, left-handed children who have been persistently retrained develop neurotic reactions and neuroses.
Often, adult left-handers, who have been brutally retrained, do not know how to navigate the terrain, dance, etc.
Please do not retrain a left-handed child! After all, a person deprived of freedom cannot develop safely!
Perhaps left-handedness is not a punishment, but a gift!
I present to your attention a list of brilliant left-handers. (Appendix 5.)Many of them wrote with their left hand, and with a mirror, and achieved a lot... Who knows, maybethis is the merit of those who were next to them and did not interfere with them!
Pay attention also to interesting facts and curious faetas in (Appendix 6).
For example, using the skills of complex mirror writing, Leonardo da Vinciencrypted his technical inventions for several centuries. While workingwith his left and right hands, he drew with one and wrote on top of the drawing with the other.
Conclusions.
1. I am left-handed because the right hemisphere of my brain predominates over the left, and it is responsible for the left side of my body. This is the result of heredity.
2. Left-handedness cannot be a reason for a decrease in mental abilities, unless left-handedness is retrained.
Unfortunately,There is still no clear and unambiguous answer to some questions about left-handedness.answer. Therefore, I will continue to carry out my work, I will follow new onesdiscoveries in this area.
In conclusion, I would like to add: The world would not be interesting if everyone wereidentical. For example, everyone is fair-haired and blue-eyed, everyone is very beautiful and verysmart.If it were so, then there would be neither the smartest, nor the most beautiful, nor the mostloved ones, but everyone is just the same. Therefore, every person has the right toexistence - red-haired, black-eyed, and left-handed.This is how she created usnature. We are different and that's great! And we had a lot to talk about today!
Every left-handed person is special. However, like any right-handed person.
Bibliography:
1. Airapetyants V.A. Left-handed child //Education and training of children withdevelopmental disorders. - 2003 - No. 3.
2. Vartanyan G. A., Klementyev B. I. Chemical symmetry and asymmetry of the brainbrain M: Medicine, 1991
"Wikipendia". Free encyclopedia.Vikipendia. ha.
Efremov K. Left - right brain // Knowledge is power. - 2002 - No. 8.
5. Markina N. The brain of right-handers and left-handers - What is the difference? “Science and Life” - 2001 -№6.
Don't retrain left-handed people. No. 8, 2002 / Magazine “Science and Life”.
Site about left-handed problems,w. w. w. lefthand. ru.
8. Shokhor - Troitskaya M. Don’t retrain a left-hander! // Science and life. - 2002 - No. 8.
9. Shokhor - Troitskaya M. Advice from a speech therapist. - M.: Institute of General HumanitiesResearch, 2001
Yu.Yudin N. About the phenomenon of left-handedness. /U Education of schoolchildren. - 2002 - No. 10
List of applications.
1. Tests to determine left-handedness.
2. Table 1. “Testing data”
3.Table 2. “Student performance”
4. Medical card.
5. List of brilliant left-handers.
6. Interesting Facts, interesting facts.
Annex 1.
Tests to determine the leading hand.
"Napoleon Pose" - crossing arms. In right-handed people, the right hand is on top of the leftforearm, and the left hand - under the right forearm, for left-handers - on top of the left handhands, and under the left forearm - the right.
Applause test. When applauding, she is more active and more mobilethe leading hand making striking movements against the palm of the non-dominant hand.
Must be observed which hand does the subject use most often when writing?combing, washing dishes, in which hand the brush is held, etc.
Tests to determine the dominant eye.
Test "card with a hole" ": a hole is cut in the center in a sheet of thick paper;holding this card at a distance of 30-40 cm. the subject fixes an object through the hole,located 2-3 m from it; When the dominant eye is closed, the object moves.
Test "looking through a telescope" usually carried out by the leadereye.
Tests to determine the dominant ear.
Whisper test. The experimenter says something to the subject in a whisper. AtIf hearing acuity is equal, the test subject substitutes the dominant ear for the speaker, i.e., the ear whose hearing is easier is more quickly recognized.
"Ticking clock" test. The subject is asked to rate the loudness of the tickinghours. At the same time, it is noted which ear he brings the watch to for the first time.wow.
Putting the telephone receiver to your ear. Usually applied to the leaderwow.
Tests to determine the leading leg.
Look, with which leg does the subject kick the ball, with which leg does he start walking andetc. This leg will be the leading one.
Crossing your legs over your legs - leading leg on top.
Appendix 2.
Table 1.
Test data.
Student's last name
Leading hand
Leading ear
Leading eye
Leading leg
Result
Kuznetsov
Lefty
Anikina
Right-handed
Tikhonravova
Partially
Shushkov
Right-handed
Goncharik
L - R
Partial
Vershinin
Partial
Vershinina
Lefty
Khrapov
P
P
P
Right-handed
Noskov
P
P
P
P
Right-handed
Egotintsev
P
P
P
P
Right-handed
Demchenko
P
P
P
P
Right-handed
Kichigin
P
P
P
P
Right-handed
Boltovskaya
P
P
P
P
Right-handed
Kretov
P
P
P
P
Right-handed
Golovarchuk
P
P
P
P
Right-handed.
Cheshuina
P
P
L
P
Partial
Starozhuk
P
P
P
P
Right-handed
Novozhilov
P
P
P
P
Right-handed
Tkachenko A
P
L
P
P
Partial
Tkachenko
P
P
P
P
Right-handed
Murzintsev
P
P
P
P
Right-handed
Noskov P
P
P
P
P
Right-handed
Chernysheva
P
P
P
P
Right-handed
Trunov
P
P
P
P
Right-handed
Kazin
L
L
L
L
Lefty
Nikulina
P
P
P
P
Right-handed
Appendix 3.
Table 2.
Student performance in core subjects.
Absolutely right-handed.
Russian language.
Mathematics.
Reading.
The world.
Average score.
Anikina
Khrapov
Noskov
Shushkov
Egotintsev
Demchenko
Kichigin
Boltovskaya
Kretov
Golovarchuk
Starozhuk
Novozhilov
Tkachenko
Murzintsev
Noskov
Chernysheva
Trunov
Nikulina
4
5
3
3
4
5
4
4
4
5
4
3
3
4
4
4
4
3
3
5
3
4
4
5
4
3
4
5
4
3
3
5
5
4
5
4
5
5
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
3
3
5
5
4
3
3
4
5
4
4
4
5
5
4
5
5
5
3
3
5
4
4
4
4
4
5
3,5
4,5
4
5
4,5
4
4,5
5
4,5
3
3
4,5
4,5
4
4,5
3,5
Absolute lefties.
Kazin
Kuznetsov
Vershinina
4
-
3
5
-
3
5
-
4
5
-
4
5
-
3,5
Partial lefties .
Cheshuina
Tkachenko
Tikhonravova
Goncharik
Vershinin
3
3
4
3
4
3
3
4
3
4
3
3
5
4
4
3
3
4
4
4
3
3
4,25
3,5
4
Appendix 5
List of genius lefties.
Artists: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Pablo Picasso, Wassily Kandinsky.
Musicians : Bach, Beethoven, Mozart, Paul Macartney, Jimi Hendrix, Kurt Cobain, Noel Gallagher, Phil Collins, George Michael, Robert Plant, Ringo Star, Ricky Martin, David Bowie.
Scientists : Ivan Pavlov, Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein, Jules - Henri Poincaré, Zhores Alferov, Svyatoslav Medvedev.
Writers : Mark Twain, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Nikolai Leskov, Vladimir Dal, Leo Tolstoy, Lewis Carroll.
Generals : Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Napoleon, Joan of Arc, Charlemagne.
Presidents : Abraham Lincoln, Benjamin Franklin, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton.
Actors Stars: Charlie Chaplin, Marilyn Monroe, Julia Roberts, Viktor Sukhorukov, Milla Jovovich, David Duchovny, Woody Allen.
Chess player - Gary Kasparov.
Appendix 6
Interesting Facts.
All polar bears are left-handed.
Its famous " small step one person – and a huge step for all mankind,” astronaut Neil Armstrong took his left foot to the moon.
All the candidates in the 1992 US presidential election were left-handed: Bill Clinton, Ross Parot and George W. Bush.
Left-handers are more often born in the second half of the year.
4 out of 5 developersMacintoshoh, they were left-handed.
Stuttering is more common in left-handed people.
Left-handed people see better underwater than right-handed people.
In Moscow, 3.5% are left-handed, in Central Russia – 7%, and in Taimyr – 34%.
The first left-handed US President, James Garfield, was also ambidextrous: he could write Latin with one hand and Greek with the other.
Left-handed Leonardo da Vinci wrote all his notes from right to left, so they could only be read by holding them up to a mirror.
Thanks to ancient tools, scientists have proven that left-handed people existed 1.4 million years ago.
Interesting facts.
Almost 90% of people on the planet are right-handed, and only 3-5% have a “leading hand” on the left. The rest are ambidextrous.
The number of left-handed people is decreasing all the time. In the Stone Age there were 50% of them, in the Bronze Age - 25%, and now - only 5%. About 2,500 left-handed people die each year from accidents involving objects intended only for right-handed people.
At different times, left-handedness was considered either as a bad habit or even as a sign of the devil, or as a sign of neurosis or a rebellious character. Later it began to be seen as a sign of creative and musical abilities.
In Japan, until the twentieth century, a wife's left-handedness was considered sufficient grounds for divorce.
Right-handers live on average 9 years longer than left-handers.
Left-handers use their right hand much more often than right-handers use their left.
The probability of having a left-handed child if both parents are right-handed is only 2%. If one of the parents is left-handed, the probability increases to 17%; both left-handed parents have left-handed children in 46% of cases.
Left-handedness is most common among identical twins.
Left-handed children are usually much more stubborn than their right-handed peers, and their period of stubbornness is protracted.
Many left-handers have good musical abilities and perfect pitch.
Often, left-handed children begin to speak later than their peers and have difficulty pronouncing certain sounds.
Left-handed people often choose the professions of artists, artists, writers; they are especially valued in boxing, fencing and swimming.
40% of gold medals in boxing are won by left-handers. A left-handed boxer has the advantage of hitting the liver, but loses the advantage of a right-handed boxer when hitting the heart.
Men are more likely to be left-handed than women.
Objectives: 1. Study the literature on the problem of left-handedness. 2. Identify whether left-handed people have their own characteristics. 3. Find out the reasons for my left-handedness. 4. Find out whether there are left-handed people in our school, and if so, what are their abilities. 5. Using an experimental method, establish the presence of hidden left-handedness in my cousin. 6. Provide recommendations to adults on how to deal with left-handed children.
The right hemisphere controls the left half of the body. In right-handed and left-handed people, it is responsible for intuition, abstract imaginative thinking, musical rhythm, intonation of feeling. But for left-handers, the “center of speech and writing” is also formed here. The left hemisphere controls the right half of the body. In right-handed people, it is responsible for logic, speech, writing, reading. Non-rigid interhemispheric connections in left-handed people contribute to non-standard solutions. In left-handed people, the right hemisphere of the brain is more developed than the left.
3. Features of left-handed children: Artistically gifted and very emotional. Good musical abilities. They often start speaking late and sometimes have difficulty pronouncing certain sounds. It happens that they have difficulty reading, writing, and mathematics. A left-handed child is trusting and prone to rapid mood changes. Left-handers tend to fantasize and have a good memory. They are sensitive and original. Left-handedness is a sign of a strong character and great creative abilities.
Questioning Questions for the subject Left hand Right hand 1. Interlace your fingers. Which hand's finger is on top? + 2. Give the subject 2 pencils, blindfold him and ask him to draw 2 circles. The drawing made with the dominant hand is more accurate. + 3.Interlace your hands on your chest. Which hand is on top?+ 4.Cut with scissors. It is more accurate with your leading hand. + 5.Applaud. Which hand is on top?+ 6. Wind the thread onto the spool.+ 7. Insert the thread into the needle.+ 8. Insert the rod into the button and lift it.+ 9. Hit the needle into a small point.+ If more than 6 tasks were completed with the left hand, then a left-handed person, if less than 5, then right-handed.
7. Advice for adults 1. Adults should never show a child a negative attitude towards left-handedness. 2. It should be remembered that left-handedness is an individual variant of the norm, therefore the difficulties that arise in left-handed children are most often not associated with this phenomenon. Any other child can have the same problems. 3. You shouldn’t even try to teach a left-handed child to work with his right hand, much less insist on it. Overtraining can lead to serious health problems. 4. It is necessary to determine the leading hand at 4-5 years old. 5. A left-handed child needs special attention and approach, but not because he is left-handed, but because every child is unique and inimitable. 6. When a left-handed child works at a table, the light should fall from the right side. When placing children in the classroom, it is advisable for the teacher to seat the left-handed person so that the board is to his right, this will reduce the likelihood of mistakes. The writing position is standard, but the left shoulder is pushed slightly forward, not the right one. You can recommend positioning a notebook or sheet of paper so that the upper right corner is tilted to the right, and the upper left corner is located opposite the chest.
Research work.
Topic: “I am left-handed. What does it mean?".
Completed by: Krasnikova Ekaterina
Student of 1st "D" grade
Head: Mardanova
Ilzara Salavatovna
primary school teacher
Almetyevsk, 2015
1.Introduction…………………………………………………….…………………..3
2.Chapter 1.Theoretical substantiation of the hypothesis about left-handedness as a norm of human development…………………………………………...….4
3. Chapter II. Practical determination of the number of right-handers, left-handers and ambidextrous people in the immediate environment…………………..6
4.Results of the study…………………………………………...9
5. Conclusion……………………………………………………….10
6. List of references used…………....................................11
7. Appendix………………………………………………………...12
Introduction.
I write, draw, eat and do other work with my left hand. I'm left-handed. The rest of my family, my relatives and friends, do everything with their right hand. They are right-handed. I am very interested in why I am different from others. Why is it uncomfortable for me to do work with my right hand, but others feel comfortable doing it?
Relevance of the topic. This topic is very interesting and relevant for me, because I am left-handed. There are no left-handers in my family anymore. Previously, left-handed children were retrained at school. Does this mean left-handedness creates some problems in learning? Is it normal to be left-handed? What difficulties will I face in life because I am left-handed? Why am I left-handed if my parents are right-handed?
According to experts, about 15% of people in the world are left-handed. There are currently 7.1 billion people living on Earth. This means that these issues are relevant to at least 1.06 billion people.
Target: Find out why I am left-handed, whether a person is born left-handed or becomes. How does a left-handed person differ from a right-handed person in life?
Tasks:
1. Determine what influences the formation of left-handedness.
2. Study scientific sources.
3.Collect the necessary information on this issue.
4. Conduct research to identify left-handers among classmates and family members.
5. Conduct an analysis - is the world around me convenient for left-handers.
Object of study:
Students of class 1D of school No. 25 in Almetyevsk, members of my family
Subject of study:
Left-handedness, right-handedness, ambidexterity
Hypotheses:
1. Left-handedness is a type of norm.
2. A person’s leading hand is determined by his brain.
3. Left-handedness affects the ability to learn and the choice of areas of interest.
Research methods:
1. Selection and analysis of literature.
3. Practical experiments.
4. Questionnaire.
Place and dates. MBOO "Secondary school No. 25 named after. 70th anniversary of Tatarstan oil" Almetyevsk, 2015
Chapter 1.Theoretical justification of the hypothesis
about left-handedness as a norm of human development
“In nature, movement goes from right to left. All luminaries and their satellites describe circular paths from east to west. In humans, the right hand is better developed than the left... The curls of the shell, with rare exceptions, are wrapped from right to left. And if you come across a left-handed shell, connoisseurs value it worth its weight in gold.” Jules Verne, "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea."
Most of humanity is right-handed. There are much fewer left-handers, according to researchers from different countries, from 5 to 30%. It is noted that there are pronounced left-handers or right-handers, there are those who are most active with one or another hand, and there are ambidextrous people - people who are equally good at using both limbs.
For a long time, the dominant theory was that during the development of the human brain there is a division of functions between the left and right hemispheres.
Let's look at the structure of the human brain. The brain is divided into two parts by a deep groove. These halves are called the left and right hemispheres. They occupy the largest part of the brain. (See: Appendix 1, Fig. 1)
The left hemisphere is responsible for mathematics, speech, writing, reading, science. The right hemisphere is responsible for the abilities of music, painting, figurative perception of objects, as well as our feelings.
The left hemisphere of the brain controls the movements of the right half, i.e. right hand and right foot. For most people, the left hemisphere is slightly larger than the right. Therefore, their right hand works better than their left.
The right hemisphere of the brain controls the movements of the left half of the body, i.e. left leg and left arm. In left-handed people, on the contrary, the right hemisphere predominates, so the left half works better.
There are about 15–18 million left-handed people in Russia. Moreover, the number of left-handed people is increasing. Previously, left-handers were retrained at school, forcing them to write and draw with their right hand.
Today, doctors and teachers are unanimous in their opinion: under no circumstances should this be done! Retraining left-handers, and thereby forcing a change in the existing brain system, as a rule, leads to negative consequences. The child may become irritable, hot-tempered, capricious, and whiny. There are sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, headaches, increased fatigue and decreased performance.
On August 13, the world celebrates International Left-Handed Day! This may come as news to many, but Lefty Day is almost 40 years old! The purpose of this unofficial holiday is to draw attention to people who often use their left hand - after all, there are at least ten percent of them on Earth!
The list of famous left-handed people can begin with representatives from the distant past, because Aristotle, Nietzsche, Kafka, Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein, Isaac Newton, Julius Caesar used their left hand predominantly! (See: Appendix 2, Fig. 2)
There are also famous left-handers among the actors: Keanu Reeves, Nicole Kidman, Robert De Niro, Drew Barrymore, Morgan Firman, Julia Roberts, Jim Carrey. Moreover, many of them are recognized sex symbols, standards of beauty for people from every corner of the world: Angelina Jolie, Scarlett Johansson, Pierce Brosnan, Hugh Jackman, Milla Jovovich and even Marilyn Monroe!
The most famous lefties in the world of music are Kurt Cobain, Paul McCartney, Bob Dylan, Sting, and if we take the world famous classics and composers - Mozart, Beethoven, Schumann, Rachmaninov, Prokofiev.
What about artistic people? Vladimir Dal, Leo Tolstoy, Lewis Carroll, Mark Twain, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Picasso, Rodin, Rubens, Hans Christian Andersen, H.G. Wells! It’s impossible to remember them all, but the contribution of these great writers, artists and sculptors to world culture cannot be overestimated!
Modern politicians: Fidel Castro, Queen Victoria, Barack Obama and possibly Vladimir Putin (hidden lefty).
ChapterII. Practical determination of the number of right-handers, left-handers and ambidextrous people in the immediate environment.
There are several types of functional organization of the two hemispheres of the brain:
Absolutely right-handed - 42%. Their left hemisphere dominates (the leading right hand, leg, eye, ear, in such people in 95% of cases the center of speech is in the left hemisphere), they are characterized by a verbal-logical character cognitive processes, tendency to abstraction and generalization;
Absolute lefties - 8-10%. With dominance of the right hemisphere (on the contrary, the leading left hand, leg, eye, ear, speech center in the right hemisphere). They are characterized by concrete imaginative thinking and developed imagination;
Absence of pronounced dominance of one of the hemispheres (equal-hemispheric people) - 48-50%. These are either right-handers with signs of left-handedness, or left-handers with signs of right-handedness (by the dominant eye a person is left-handed, and by the hand - right-handed, etc.).
Age dynamics
As a rule, immediately after the birth of a child, no one thinks about whether he is right-handed or left-handed. But as time goes by, the baby begins to take objects primarily with his left hand, then the cookie, the spoon, and the pencil are stubbornly placed in his left hand... And no matter how much the mother puts it back, the child does what is convenient for him.
This is how a child’s brain works: the right hemisphere develops evenly, and the left hemisphere develops in leaps and bounds, the first developmental leap occurs at two years. It is at this age that you can first say: “My child is left-handed.” But the dominance of the leading hand may be conditional. Often the child “chooses” his hand unclearly. A “true” left-hander is obtained if the right hemisphere determines the leading left hand and eye. But if the right eye is the leading eye, or if the left leading eye is the right hand, you get “hidden” left-handers. But we can talk about this after 4-5 years, when the child begins to use a pencil. It is at this age that parents of even a right-handed child often see the mirror image of drawing and writing (the left eye provides “reverse” information for the right hand). And the point here is not at all that at some point the child was “retrained” (and retraining a left-handed person means attacking his health, personality, abilities - everyone is writing about this now!). At this age, the second leap in the development of the left hemisphere occurs. Moreover, this happens differently for all children. And if the choice of hand and eye occurs at the moment of dominance of the left hemisphere, the result is “left-handedness” - hidden or obvious. Psychologists call such children “right-hemisphere.” That is, those in whom imaginative thinking, emotionality, physical activity above logic, regularity, “sorting out the shelves” of the left hemisphere of the brain. With increasing activity of the left hemisphere, complex concepts appear, development abstract thinking, ability to count and write. Here again, boys are ahead: by the age of six, their left hemisphere may be more active than that of girls. Therefore, some begin to read as early as 4-5 years old. In males, the functional activity of the hemispheres is more polar in nature, and the predominance of one of them can be judged already by 6-7 years.
True, sometimes in highly emotional, impressionable and artistically gifted boys, brain differentiation follows the same path as in girls. These boys retain right-hemisphere brain specialization longer. They do not always write well, miss letters, and do not complete words. The stumbling block for them is the multiplication table. All this gradually levels out towards grades 3-5. If we take into account the age-related characteristics of the development of thinking, then until the age of 9, a child is not yet fully interested in interhemispheric interactions. In other words, the child is still at a “crossroads”: which thinking style to choose. However, children's thinking is in any case closer to the right hemisphere. Thus, when teaching children aged 4-6 years, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of “right-hemisphere thinking.”
Features of training
It is now known that the hemispheres of the brain are “specialized.” Thus, during learning to read, the right hemisphere can perceive the word in its entirety, as an image-melody, or as an image-picture. And the left hemisphere analyzes sounds, composes them into syllables, and from syllables - words. It is also responsible for the use of grammatical rules. However, the meanings of words are “stored” in the right hemisphere.
When learning, it is the left hemisphere that controls the child’s behavior, influences the ability to complete a task, be disciplined in class, and controls the ability to do something if necessary, but not if desired. Unfortunately, it is more difficult for right-hemisphere children to learn, they have greater motor activity, and worse behavior than children the same age who have clearly decided on the dominant hand or eye. They are often more mobile than their right-handed peers. It seems that they have a little motor hidden somewhere; they definitely have a lot to do. They are passionate inventors. Moreover, they often believe in their own fantasies. Therefore, it is more difficult for parents with left-handers: they are more stubborn or “explosive”, emotionally unstable.
Due to the characteristics of left-handers, it is necessary to choose the teaching technology very carefully, taking into account that preparing such a child for school should not include only reading, writing, and mathematics. Early immersion in the world of signs and symbols (reading, writing, numbers) uses the left hemisphere of the brain, and thus is difficult for children with a predominance of the right hemisphere. At the moment of overload, the child becomes even more mobile and nervous. Often, an attempt to advance the use of an abstract-logical, verbal representation of the world does not lead to an advance in the development of left-handers, but to a slowdown. And the difficulties in preschool age sometimes they lead to a child’s lack of self-confidence, or to protests - reluctance to learn, even to neuroses.
Another difficulty left-handers have is their relationship with space. Mirroring when writing, memorizing sequences (days of the week, months), it is difficult for a child to navigate in a notebook (he simply does not notice these cells!), not to mention the calculations in a column in the lower grades. Reading often causes difficulties in understanding the content for right-brained students. Such a child cannot study something without understanding or losing the thread of reasoning. He learns better if he has a certain algorithm of actions.
Let's define “who is who”?
How to determine the leading hemisphere? The simplest tests suggest finding out which of the parts is leading, and by the predominance of the sides, they determine the “hemisphericity”.
To determine the dominant eye It is proposed to “take aim” by choosing a target and looking at it through a kind of front sight - a pencil or pen. Children with a dominant left eye try to follow “from right to left,” which is why such beginning “readers and writers” often experience rearrangements of letters and even syllables when reading and writing.
To determine the leading ear They suggest putting the telephone receiver to the ear that is “more convenient for you to listen to”, this is how the dominance of the ear is determined.
Hand dominance is determined through 5 different tests:
You need to interlace your fingers. In this case, the same finger is always on top - the leading hand.
Interlace your hands on your chest. The dominant hand rests on top (on the forearm of the other hand).
Place your hands horizontally on the floor. Clap. The lead hand claps from above.
Which hand does he write, draw, eat?
Which hand does you throw the ball with?
If your leading eye and leading hand are right, then you are right-handed, if your left, then you are left-handed. If your leading eye is left and your hand is right or vice versa, then you are a hidden left-hander.
4. Research results
Let's conduct a study among family members and classmates according to the above principles. Let's summarize the results in a table. (See: Appendix 4, Table 1, 2)
Based on the results of the study, we will draw up a table of academic performance and areas of interest, i.e. a person gravitates more toward the exact sciences or the humanities. (See: Appendix 5, Table 3, 4)
Take care of the lefty. Let the child be left-handed, but as free and self-confident as a right-handed person. Give his hands freedom, and he will learn to do a lot with both hands.
Conclusion:
As a result of the research, I came to conclusions.
Left-handedness is a type of normal human development;
Left-handedness does not affect learning ability and academic performance;
Left-handers, as well as right-handers, are inclined towards both the exact sciences and the humanities.
Bibliography
1.Galina Stukanog “Right-handed or left-handed?”;
2. Bezrukikh M.M., Bezrukikh M.V. Left-handed child.;
3. E. M. Aleksandrovskaya, “Causes of left-handedness”;
4. Scientific publication“What do we know about left-handedness”, Nikonetsky A.L.
Annex 1
Rice. 1 Structure of the human brain
Appendix 2
Rice. 2 Famous left-handed people
Appendix 3
Rice. 3 Test to determine the dominant hand
Appendix 4
Table 1. Results of the study of family members
| Family member | Leading eye | Lead ear | Leading hand | Result |
||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
||||
| Kate | l | l | l | P | P | l | l | left-handed |
| Mother | l | l | l | l | P | P | P | Skr. Lefty |
| dad | P | l/p | l | l | P | P | P | right-handed |
| Brother | P | P | l | P | l | P | P | right-handed |
Table 2. Results of the study of classmates
| Classmate | Leading eye | Lead ear | Leading hand | Result |
||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ||||
| Baskarev Yaroslav | P | P | l | l | P | P | P | Right-handed |
| Galieva Ilina | P | P | l | P | l | P | P | Right-handed |
| Daminova Liliyana | P | P | l | l | P | P | P | Right-handed |
| Denisov Renald | P | l | P | P | P | P | P | Right-handed |
| Zinnurova Adelina | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | right-handed |
| Ziyatdinov Timur | P | P | l | P | l | P | P | right-handed |
| Kanafeeva Alisa | P | P | l | P | l | P | P | right-handed |
| Kirdyashov Kirill | P | P | l | P | P | P | P | right-handed |
| Kuznetsova Olesya | P | P | P | P | l | P | P | right-handed |
| Latypova Diana | l | P | P | P | l | P | P | Hidden lefty |
| Magdanova Azalia | l | P | P | P | l | P | P | Hidden lefty |
| Maksimenko Vlad | P | P | P | l | P | l | P | Hidden lefty |
| Martynova Vlada | l | P | P | P | P | l | P | Lefty |
| Nasyrov Samir | P | l | l | P | l | l | l | left-handed |
| Pavlyukova Daria | P | P | l | l | P | P | P | right-handed |
| Piyanzin Egor | P | P | l | l | P | P | P | right-handed |
| Rusin Roman | P | P | P | l | l | P | P | right-handed |
| Saparkin Danis | l | P | P | l | P | P | P | Hidden lefty |
| Safin Almaz | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | Right-handed |
| Sitdikov Bulat | P | P | l | l | P | P | P | right-handed |
| Tokarev Andrey | P | P | l | P | P | P | P | right-handed |
| Fadeeva Polina | l | P | P | P | P | P | l/p | Hidden lefty |
| Hannanova Dinara | P | P | P | P | P | P | P | right-handed |
| Khodus Dmitry | P | P | l | l | P | P | P | right-handed |
| Yakunenko Valeria | l | P | l | l | P | l/p | P | Left-handed |
| Yantemirova Ilona | P | P | l | l | P | P | P | right-handed |
Appendix 5
Table 3. Academic performance and areas of interest of family members.
Table 4. Academic performance and areas of interest of classmates.
| Classmate | Academic performance | Humanitarian sciences | Exact sciences |
| Baskarev Yaroslav | Fine | + | |
| Galieva Ilina | satisfied | + | |
| Daminova Liliyana | satisfied | + | |
| Denisov Renald | Great | + |
|
| Zinnurova Adelina | Fine | + | |
| Ziyatdinov Timur | Great | + |
|
| Kanafeeva Alisa | Fine | + | |
| Kirdyashov Kirill | Great | + |
|
| Kuznetsova Olesya | Fine | + | |
| Latypova Diana | Fine | + |
|
| Magdanova Azalia | Fine | + |
|
| Maksimenko Vlad | Great | + |
|
| Martynova Vlada | Fine | + | |
| Nasyrov Samir | Great | + |
|
| Pavlyukova Daria | Great | + |
|
| Piyanzin Egor | Fine | + |
|
| Rusin Roman | Great | + |
|
| Saparkin Danis | Great | + |
|
| Safin Almaz | satisfied | + | |
| Sitdikov Bulat | Fine | + |
|
| Tokarev Andrey | Great | + |
|
| Fadeeva Polina | Great | + | |
| Hannanova Dinara | Fine | + |
|
| Khodus Dmitry | Great | + |
|
| Yakunenko Valeria | Great | + | |
| Yantemirova Ilona | Fine | + |
