Everyone at least several times in their life doubted how to pronounce a word correctly, where to put the emphasis, because the Russian language is one of the most difficult languages.
Difficulties arise for several reasons.
In the Russian language there is no general rule for preserving stress; it can appear in any part of the word, unlike, for example, the French language, where the stress is always placed on the last syllable.
Stress plays a semantic role. Depending on the stress, the meaning of a word changes; this can be observed in homonym words, or rather, in homographs (words that are spelled the same but sound differently): p A smoke and steam And yeah, A tlas and atl A s, cr e dit and cred And T.
Our language has a lot of foreign words borrowed from other languages. This, on the one hand, enriches the language, but, on the other, creates difficulties in pronunciation and writing. Particularly often, difficulties arise with the letter “e”: it is written “e” and pronounced “e” (parterre, sex, dash).
There are many territorial varieties of the Russian language - dialects - which also affect pronunciation. So, in St. Petersburg and Moscow they call meat cooked on a spit differently: shawarma and shawarma.
Communication with Slavic “brothers” has a huge impact on Russian speakers. Even television announcers began to pronounce many words in the Ukrainian manner, thereby making speech errors. Most often I hear such errors in verb stress: n A chala instead of started A, P O nyala instead of understood A etc.
But despite the many factors that negatively affect the language, we must strive to speak correctly, since speech is the calling card of every person. By the way a person pronounces words, you can tell a lot about his origin, upbringing, and education. And if native speakers, those for whom Russian is their native language, do not treat it with care, then who will preserve the language?
Let's speak correctly!
With this article I open a series of texts devoted to correct pronunciation.
For starters, here it is a set of words that cause difficulty in stress.
One of the most common mistakes is the emphasis on feminine past tense verbs (I already wrote about this above, but I’ll repeat it):
Wrong: began, understood, took, took, created.
Right: began A, Understood A, took A, took A etc. But in the masculine gender: n A chal, p ABOUT nyal, with ABOUT built
It is considered bad form to say they are calling, they are calling. Correct: ringing AND ugh, ringing AND t, ringing I T.
You can buy wed E dstva and use wed E by means, but not by means.
A child in childhood needs balls A t.
In Kyiv they speak Ukrainian AND nskoy language.
The confectionery shop sells t ABOUT mouths, and the data is entered into the directory ABOUT G.
And what the key is hung on is called keychain, not a key fob.
And another 40 words:
| apostrophe | aristocracy | bows | genesis |
| denim | dispensary | contract | napOta |
| envious | CONSPIRACY | become moldy | seal |
| serrated | Spark | quarter | whooping cough |
| flint | more beautiful | kitchen | hunk |
| crowbar | briefly (glimpsingly) | garbage chute | naked (naked) |
| intention | security | facilitate | wholesale |
| funeral (at funeral) | reward | force | plum |
| in-depth | dead | phenomenon (phenomenon) | Cotton robe |
| hosts | scoop | scarves | sorrel |
Tell us about which words cause you difficulty in pronunciation. Maybe some words once or now surprised you with their emphasis?
guardian of belles lettres
Your own grammar Nazi
In order to be confident in your rightness and bring the light of knowledge and culture to the masses, you will have to start with yourself - to clean up the “flaws” of your own speech. Our editors decided to tackle stress first, and we came up with a kind of rating of 30 words with which “stress” difficulties most often arise. Here it is in alphabetical order and with a hint of the correct accent:
pamper, pamper, pampered
bartender
Barrel
water pipeline, gas pipeline, garbage pipeline, oil pipeline, But: electrical wire
agreement (and agreements)
blinds
envious
catalog
quarter
more beautiful
cooking and cooking ( both options are equal)
marketing
masterfully
extended
newborn
security
facilitate
open
loop (loop - appropriate in everyday speech)
You call, they call, they call
pullover
beet
dancer, dancer
cottage cheese and cottage cheese ( both options are equal)
tiramisu
Cakes
Immediately
shoe
phenomenon
scoop
What is written with a pen...
The tricky thing about all the rules and lists is that they don’t stay in your head: read it and forget it. There are several ways to retain useful information in memory, in our case, words with the correct accents.
#singing now. A word that is difficult for you needs to be said out loud, clearly, several times (you can also sing it) and... in front of witnesses. Let your friends or colleagues support you and join your impact flash mob with their problematic words (“Venice is more beautiful than Paris, more beautiful, more beautiful, more beautiful than Paris”, “They call me, they call me”, “my boyfriend is a barman, barman, barman”). This is our psychology: what we do not do alone is better remembered.
#wonderfulmoment. For those who have a developed imagination, it is easiest to involve associations and images associated with it in the task of memorizing any information. For example, beets are a healthy vegetable, and the rosy-cheeked grandmother Fyokla sells them. And an excellent marketing specialist knows everything about how to maintain a brand!
#graphomania. Remember how at school, while studying a foreign language, we composed dialogues and stories with new words, selected rhymes for them, or came up with funny poems? The principle also works for the great and mighty, you just need to give free rein to your imagination! There are a lot of ready-made cheat sheets floating around the Internet, take note: “We ate cakes for a long time - the shorts didn’t fit”, “Don’t bring us curtains, we will hang blinds”, “Phenomenon rings on Wednesdays, having accepted a contract for years”, “The bell ringer rings, they ring ring the bell so that you can remember correctly!”
And, of course, dictionaries and reference books will always help out: a spelling dictionary, an orthoepic dictionary (translated from ancient Greek “orthoepia” means correct pronunciation), a dictionary of accents. Online resources will not let you down either: the portals Gramota.ru (be sure to look at the “Memos” section) and gramma.ru, Yandex.Dictionaries, the site orfogrammka.ru - which, unlike printed publications, are always at hand thanks to the ubiquitous Internet. Let's speak beautifully!
Why do people pronounce words incorrectly?
As soon as we hear from our lips “your phone is ringing”, “put yourself down”, “that dress is beautiful”, we ask ourselves: why do people say things wrong? After all, everyone once studied at school, placed emphasis in words and pronounced them protractedly with the correct stress.
The thing is that in the Russian language there is no single rule for stressing words, unlike, for example, Spanish, where there are only two pronunciation rules.
New words with incorrect stress come to us from different regions. So, for example, in the southern dialect of the Russian language there are the following pronunciations: meansA, understood, raised.
Our neighbors from Belarus and Ukraine also have a huge influence on the language. The languages are close enough that they often mix. This is especially noticeable in areas that border each other. As a result, new variants of pronunciation of words are born in our speech.
As soon as we hear the distorted sound of a word, we begin to doubt ourselves: “Am I pronouncing the words correctly?” In order not to be misled, we have selected 30 of the most tricky words with incorrect pronunciation. This is where we most often make mistakes.
Borrowed words in Russian
In speech we use a large number of borrowed words. Meanwhile, each language has certain pronunciation rules that need to be taken into account.
French words
A large number of words in our language were borrowed from France. They have become so integral to Russian speech that sometimes we mistake them for native words.
But they do not lose their roots and are also intertwined with family ties. The French language has its own rules for pronouncing words. In most cases, the stress falls on the last syllable.
- dispensary;
- apostrophe;
- partner;
- blinds.
Despite the fact that in most cases the stress falls on the last syllable, there are exception words in the language:
- CREAMS;
- phenomenon.
English words
Our speech is constantly enriched with English words. The most noticeable tendency of this language is stress at the beginning of a word. The examples below will help you see this:
- marketing;
- barman (bar).
In English, like in any other language, there are exception rules:
- pull over;
- login.
German words
Words from Germany have been coming into Russian speech for many years. There are many compound words borrowed from other languages and formed from two or more roots. Therefore, each linguistic unit has its own accent.
- quarter. Comes from the German word qartal, and it comes from the Latin quartus;
- shoe. Borrowed from German tyffel;
- kitchen. In German, this word was borrowed from Latin;
- scarves. Derived from the German scharpe.
Related words
In Russian there is a movable stress. Therefore, it is simply impossible to check the pronunciation of a word using one rule. It is important to remember a few simple rules here:
- In the words beetroot and the newborn vowel sound “Ё” is always stressed.
- Pamper, call, facilitate - in these words the main thing to remember is that in verbs the stress never falls on the first syllable. Also, in words belonging to the group of verbs ending in -it, the stress falls on the last syllable.
- Wholesale, cakes, exhaust - these words have a fixed stress; in all norms of the word, the stress will fall on the same consonant.
- Bochkovoe (barrel), kitchen (kitchen) - pronounced with the same stress as in the noun.
- SORREL, MASTERLY, BELT - the pronunciation of these words needs to be remembered.
- Dancer - according to the rules of the suffix of nouns after the consonant “C”, it is written under the accent “O”.
- Plum - the stress in a word always falls on the first syllable. This is indicated in all spelling dictionaries of the Russian language.
- Facilities. The word is singular, the stress falls on the first syllable.
People remember images better
Write the words on sticky notes, highlight the stressed vowel in bold, and stick them around the house so you don't forget.
Draw in your mind not the words, but the object itself. For example, the word “barman”. Imagine that you came to a bar, and the bartender’s badge did not have his name written on it, but the word bartender itself with a bold letter “A”.
Rhymes
Make up rhymes for words where you are confused about the pronunciation:
- calls - excuses, knocks, approves;
- cakes - still lifes, spoiled, erased;
- creams - chrysanthemums, schemes.
There are many interesting poems on the Internet about the correct stress of words. Learn memory rhymes - this will help you not make mistakes in pronunciation:
Flew away from the fire
And went out quickly
If it’s wrong, then a spark
If true - Spark!
Make friends with reference books
Go to the library, buy a spelling reference book at a bookstore, look at electronic reference books as soon as a controversial issue arises.
So, let's remember:
dispensary |
beet |
apostrophe |
newborn |
partner |
pamper |
blinds |
It's calling |
CREAMS |
Every person at least once in his life has found himself in an awkward situation when he incorrectly placed the emphasis on a word, the pronunciation of which until that time he had no doubt at all. Yes, the wrong accent in a word hurts the ear, but almost everyone makes mistakes here. Even educated, well-read people are not immune from this. Stress is a tricky topic in linguistics. In the Russian language its importance is very great, since it is a means of distinguishing words. Concept and useStress is the bright highlighting of one of the syllables in a word or phrase with different phonetic components (you can strengthen the voice, raise the tone in combination with intensity, volume). It is necessary to develop the skills to correctly set the verbal background - after all, this is a mandatory requirement for every speaker. Stress is necessary for correct and competent speech. Any word consists of one or more syllables. When there are more than 2 in a word, they are pronounced with different intensity and volume. One of them will stand out - this is called verbal emphasis. Chinese, Japanese, and Vietnamese accented syllables are distinguished using pitch. In ancient languages - Greek or Latin - the stressed syllable is distinguished using the duration of the vowel sound. There is also a dynamic, or power, blow, when an accented syllable is emphasized with greater force. For example, Russian, English, and French languages have this type. How to put the emphasis correctly?Unlike French or Polish, in Russian the accent is free - it is not assigned to a specific syllable. Let's consider these examples:
Correct emphasis is a goal that every self-respecting person should strive for. But the task is complicated by the fact that the emphasis can fall on different parts of the word (that is, it is mobile):
Stress norms for most words in the Russian language are contained in the spelling dictionary. It is necessary to familiarize yourself with problem words and remember their pronunciation.
Why is this question relevant?The whole problem is that the stress in a word is inherently free. In some languages it is fixed, that is, it always falls on the same syllable. For example: in French it is always on the last syllable, in Polish - on the penultimate syllable, in Czech - on the first. But in Russian there is no such pattern. Therefore, it is important to remember that stress is one of the most important signs of human literacy. Since there are no clear rules for this topic, most words just need to be memorized. Which syllable is most often emphasized?However, some patterns can still be identified. According to experts, the stress most often falls on the middle of the word, and also gravitates towards the second half:
Rules and patterns - how to remember everything?Some rules will help you put emphasis correctly. Linguists note 28 “special” verb roots (there are many more verb roots). Together with prefixes, they form a whole series of verbs in which in the feminine past tense the emphasis shifts to inflection (ending). But this only applies to the female gender! In other forms, the emphasis remains on the root. We present to you the following verbs that you need to remember (you can immediately write them down in a notebook): take, pick up, dial, take, wait, sleep. What emphasis should be placed in this case? Remember: tookA, tookA, handedA, sleptA, waitedA. But they took it, they waited, they slept, they handed it over. You can often come across incorrect options: took it, drove it away, waited, misrepresented it. By analogy with other forms, native speakers often forget to place emphasis on inflection. But such pronunciation is unacceptable for literate speech. Try to avoid such mistakes. Modern dictionariesWe present to your attention accent dictionaries that will help you improve your speech:
Feel free to look into dictionaries as often as possible. After all, people often get used to speaking incorrectly from childhood and for this reason do not doubt the correctness of their pronunciation. But what to do if memorization is very difficult? Well, this process can be made more fun. There are funny and interesting rhymes - memorization poems. They are designed to remember the correct stress in words, where you can often make a mistake. Try to learn them - and you will remember once and for all where the stress falls in problem words. And with a little imagination, you can come up with a few original quatrains yourself. Here are some good memories:
The golden rule for rememberingHow to come up with a good rhyme to memorize? Choose a suitable rhyme for the word, that is, a word whose correct stress you have no doubt about. Don't put the word in the middle of the line! In order for the emphasis to be remembered, the rhyme must fall on this particular word. This method will help you easily and quickly remember the emphasis in words - and you definitely won’t lose face in front of your interlocutor. An important part of linguistics is orthoepy - the science that studies pronunciation. It is she who answers the question of whether to put emphasis in different cases. Without knowledge of this, competent oral speech is impossible. Incorrectly placed stress not only makes a person funny in the eyes of his interlocutors, but also seriously complicates the process of communication, because the word can ultimately change its meaning... Our article is devoted to the topic “Correct stress in words.” We will look at how to place accents correctly in this publication in more detail. Word stress is the emphasis on one of the syllables of a word using the voice. Pronouncing a stressed vowel requires special tension in the organs of speech and phonation. The syllable pronounced with the greatest force is called stressed. In addition to verbal stress, there is also syntagmic stress (emphasizes a certain word as part of a syntagma), phrasal (emphasizes syntagma in a phrase) and logical (emphasizes a word to emphasize its semantic dominance over others in a given context). Types of word stressVerbal stresses also have their own subtypes. The division is carried out taking into account what means and methods of production are used in a particular language. This is how they distinguish:  It should be noted that several acoustic means can be combined in the same stress. In addition, in different words of the same sentence, stress may appear more pronounced and vice versa. Indication of stress on a letterIn addition to the specifics of the production, there are also different ways of notation. For example, in the international phonetic alphabet, stress is indicated by a vertical bar or a line on top before a syllable. In Russian, it is sometimes indicated by the sign “akut”, which is placed above. In English, a stroke is placed at the end of the word being stressed. In some dictionaries, stress is indicated by a combination of bold and Accent in RussianStressed syllables in the Russian language have a longer pronunciation compared to other parts of the word. But the height of the highlighted vowel can change. Among the world's languages there are many where stress is a stable and fixed thing. Like, for example, the French, who always highlight the last syllable in a word if it is pronounced separately. And in the whole phrase, all except the final words are unstressed. Only the last syllable of the rhythmic group (actually, the phrase) is highlighted.
There are no such patterns in Russian. The stress can fall on any syllable. Moreover, it can change in word forms. Therefore, placing accents correctly is not always easy. Especially for a person who is not a native speaker. Who is having difficulties?Of course, a person who was born and raised among native speakers of the literary Russian language, surrounded entirely by teachers, writers, university professors and other representatives of the intelligentsia, will never have big problems with accents. But are there many such people? Russia is huge, it is home to a large number of nationalities who communicate either in Surzhik or in their own dialects or languages. They have a hard time with literary speech.
And it’s even more difficult for Russian-speaking people living outside of Russia, where the influence of other languages is strong. Well, of course, foreigners who come to the Russian Federation to work or for permanent residence often do not understand at all how to correctly put emphasis in a particular word. After all, there are no norms that determine the pattern of its arrangement in the Russian language as such! Way outWhat should a person do if he wants to place the correct emphasis on words? How to put them correctly in one case or another? If we are talking about a foreigner who moved to Russia, then communication with the indigenous population will help him (but not with the porters at the station, of course). You need to look for relevant areas, listen and remember. TV and radio stations are great help in this matter. As a rule, media administration monitors the literacy of its staff. People living outside the Russian Federation will need a spelling dictionary or reference book, where they can always check the correct pronunciation. In addition, today there are all sorts of programs and Internet resources that help you quickly master literary Russian.
But problems arise not only for the above categories of citizens. Native Russians, who by and large know how to speak competently, also sometimes face a dilemma and do not know how to place the correct emphasis on words. How to put them correctly, for example, in foreign terms? Difficulties often arise with words that were previously pronounced one way, but are now pronounced differently... There are not many of them at all - about several dozen. But some are so deeply rooted in their delusion that even a linguist professor may have certain doubts! Correct stress in words: how to correctly put stress in the word “calls”?Probably the most textbook example of incorrect pronunciation is the word “ringing.” No matter how hard teachers try, no matter how hard comedians make fun of the ignorant, the mistake in the mouths of the people continues to live on. Well, our population doesn’t want to learn by heart how to put the correct emphasis in the word “calling”! This may be due to the fact that in many literary works, old films, etc., the pronunciation of this word did not correspond to modern standards. And linguists are even thinking about whether they should meet the masses halfway and correct the rule? But so far this has not happened (and it is unknown whether this will be done in the future), and the word “calls” must be emphasized correctly. It falls on the second syllable. And nothing else.
Curd problemDifficulties often arise with the word “cottage cheese”. Some pronounce it with emphasis on the first “o”, others - on the second... And there is a historical explanation for this. Because the term denoting this fermented milk product was pronounced differently at different times. In the dictionaries of the nineteenth century, the norm is fixed, where the second syllable is stressed. And the famous linguist Dahl insists on the first. Over the past century, people persistently used both variants, and in the end linguists agreed that in the case of the word “cottage cheese” the correct stress would not be fixed. In principle, both one type of pronunciation and the other are considered correct. Both "o"s can be stressed. Applies only to everyday life. And in official speeches of politicians, speeches of journalists, etc., it is preferable to use “cottage cheese” with the emphasis on the second syllable. These words should be memorizedIn addition to the two mentioned above, there are a number of words in the Russian language in the pronunciation of which errors are traditionally made. The following is a list of correct accents that you just need to memorize.
This list can be titled: “Speak correctly - put emphasis in the right places” - and hang it above your desk. Or above the bed to repeat before bed. Or on the bathroom mirror to start each morning off right. For a quick effect, it is advisable not just to read the words to yourself, but also to pronounce them out loud. And loud. And several times. It will only take a couple of weeks (and for some, maybe even days), and the correct pronunciation will harmoniously fit into spoken language. The main thing is desire, just a little effort - and everything will work out! Share
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