Fables of a New Age (i). Fables of a new era (i) Planned meta-subject results

The purpose of the lesson: formation of ideas about good and evil.

Planned subject results:

promote students’ correct understanding of good and evil;
reveal the Christian understanding of the basic categories of “good” and “evil”;
raise general culture personalities;
improve the skill of expressive commented reading;
consolidate knowledge about fable, allegory, personification.

Planned meta-subject results.

Cognitive uud:
- independently formulate a cognitive goal;
- construct messages;
- carry out semantic reading;
- search and highlight the necessary information.
Regulatory uud:
- use speech adequately;
- compare the method of action and its result with the standard;
- highlight and formulate;
- concentrate the will to overcome intellectual difficulties.
Communication uud:
- ask questions, ask for help;
- offer assistance and cooperation;
- agree on the distribution of roles in joint activities;
- build monologue statement;
- to have a dialog;
- exercise mutual control.

Planned personal results:

develop a sense of tolerance;
instill good human qualities: sympathy, mercy;
develop readiness for moral self-improvement;
understand the meaning of faith in a person’s life;
instill awareness of human responsibility for general well-being;
take responsibility for your actions;
to promote spiritual and moral self-education as a necessity to resist evil.

Equipment: computer, screen, projector; movie; church music; handouts: parable, commandments, texts of fables; sayings of the holy fathers; illustrations.

“And the light shines in the darkness, and the darkness does not overcome it” (John 1:5).
Darkness does not like (or: does not tolerate) light, and the evil one does not like good . Rus.

He who digs a hole will fall into it; and whoever rolls a stone up, to him it will return. Bible.
A good dog is better than an evil man. Rus.
To believe in goodness, you must start doing it . L.N. Tolstoy.

1. Organizational moment. Welcome speech from the teacher

2. Updating knowledge

– How do you understand the meaning of these epigraphs?
The teacher reads a poem by M.Yu. Lermontov. Russian church music sounds (Traditional and new Hymns of the Russian Orthodox Church, the Blagovest choir: “Our Father” or “Lord, hear my prayer” performed by the “Orthodox Singers” choir).(http: //boqoslovy.ru/musuc.htm)

Beggar:

At the gates of the saint's monastery
Standing begging for alms
The poor man is withered, barely alive
From hunger, thirst and suffering.
He only asked for a piece of bread,
And the gaze revealed living torment,
And someone laid a stone
Into his outstretched hand.

M. Yu. Lermontov

Conversation

– How can you call the action of another person who gave a stone instead of alms? What evil quality did he display?
Name the opposite positive quality and action that a Christian should perform.
– What do you think will be discussed in class today? (About good and evil)
– The topic of our lesson is “Good and Evil”
In everything you want people to do to you, do the same to them. (Gospel of Matthew, chapter 7, verse 12)
Listen to the audio recording or watch the animated film. Parable “THE GREAT SAMARITAN” (ivi.ru/watch/biblejskie_pritchi or video.mail.ru/mail/petrndi/tags...)

Answer the questions. Conversation

– Find in the poem M.Yu. Lermontov's lines based on the words of the Gospel. The Gospel speaks of a son, that is, a dear, close (neighbor) person. But is a beggar like that for all people? Who did Christians call their neighbor?

One day a man asked Jesus Christ: “Who is my neighbor?” In response to the question, Christ told a parable.
A man was walking from Jerusalem to another city and fell into the hands of robbers. They took his clothes, wounded him and left him on the road, barely alive. At that time, one person was walking along the same road. He looked at the unfortunate man and walked past. The second passer-by did the same. But a certain Samaritan, seeing a wounded man on the road, took pity on him. He bandaged his wounds, put him on his donkey and brought him to the hotel. The next day, as he was leaving, he gave the hotel owner money and said: “Take care of this man.”
Having finished the parable, Jesus asked: “Which of these three was the neighbor of the man who fell into the hands of robbers?” The listener replied: “He showed mercy to him.” Jesus said to him: “Go and do likewise.”

Domenico Fetti

– What question was asked of Christ? How did Christ respond? Who walked along the road, where and from where? What happened to him? Who else walked the same road? What did each of them do? Who was the victim's neighbor? Why did the artist depict this particular moment?
Why do Christians call every person who needs help their neighbor? How does a Christian show his mercy?
Archimandrite John Krestyankin considers this Parable to be “an edification about the Merciful Samaritan, for whom the law of love was written in his heart, for whom the neighbor turned out to be not a neighbor in spirit, not a neighbor in blood, but the one who happened to meet on his life’s path, who exactly in that I needed his help and love for a moment. Material from Wikipedia.
“The good quality of the human soul is mercy. A merciful person is a kind person who takes pity on everyone, sympathizes, and forgives. He treats everyone as his own, his neighbor. The Gospel taught Christians this attitude towards people,” writes Deacon Andrei Kuraev.

3. Discovery of something new.

- So what is good and what is evil?

Statements are heard, their discussion takes place in groups, followed by a brief retelling and voicing of the main idea.

Saint Basil the Great: “ Evil not a living and animate entity, but state of mind opposite to virtue, which occurs in the careless as a result of falling away from good. Therefore, do not look for evil outside, do not imagine that there is some kind of original evil nature, but let everyone recognize himself as the culprit of his own evil nature.”
Saint Gregory the Theologian: “ Evil by nature depends on ourselves: injustice, ignorance, laziness, envy, murder, poisoning, deception and similar vices that defile the soul created in the image of the One who created her, darken her beauty.

Here is how one of the last righteous people of the Russian land, Father John of Kronstadt, speaks about this: “Evil, of course, has no positive basis and justification, and it could not exist and should not exist, but since it exists, God always wants to reverse it.” for the good and for this purpose temporarily allows it (for pedagogical purposes). You will not experience the actions of evil... the spirit... evil... and you will not recognize and honor as you should the benefits bestowed upon you by the Good Spirit, you will not recognize the killing spirit, and you will not (sometimes) recognize the life-giving Spirit either.”

“Good creates, evil destroys. Loves good, hates evil. Good helps, evil drowns. Good conquers with good, evil with strength. Good is joyful, evil frowns. Good is beautiful, evil is ugly. Good is peaceful, evil is hostile. Good is calm, evil is irritated. Good is peaceful, evil is bullying. Good forgives, evil is vindictive.
From here it becomes clear that there really is a creative force in the world - good, and a destructive force - evil. Good begets good, and evil destroys everything and, in the end, itself. And this is a fact of life and a truth that every person can verify for himself.

The Christian faith places this as one of the foundations of its teachings. that one must live according to kindness and Christian love. On this foundation you need to build your whole life, all your deeds, all your words and all your thoughts. For all this, you need to know what is good and what is evil, and be able to distinguish between them,” says the rector of the Church of St. bessr. Cosmas and Damian in Shubin archpriest

A. Borisov.

"Evil has no essence and comes from a lack of good."

Saint Ignatius Brianchaninov.

4. Consolidation

A. Based on the statements, fill out the table.

Peer verification based on the sample. Grading.

Spiritual leaflet “The Way Home” email. pages: http://www.dorogadomoj.com/

B. Working with the textbook.

– Remember and independently define fable, personification, allegory. Match it with the definition from the textbook. Evaluate the student's answer.

Fable - a small narrative work in verse or prose with moralizing, satirical or ironic content. Traits of human character, actions and relationships of people are depicted allegorically: the relationships of people are replaced by the relationships of animals or things.
A fable often ends with a short conclusion—a moral that explains the main message.

Allegory - one of the types of tropes - an allegorical image of an abstract concept or phenomenon of reality using a specific image. Allegory is often used in fables and fairy tales, where cunning is allegorically depicted in the form of a fox, greed in the form of a wolf, etc.

Personification - one of the techniques of artistic depiction, which consists in the fact that animals, objects, and natural phenomena are endowed with human abilities and properties.

B. Using fables as an example, let’s look at which of the heroes personifies good and which represents evil.

Expressive reading of A. K. Pinaev’s fable “Soulless.”(http://apinaev.ru/)

Soulless

There lived an ordinary Dog in the yard, -
Guarded the master's goods.
Day and night, in the heat and frost
He guarded everything as if it were his own.
Over the years he has aged
Visibility and hearing quickly weakened -
And he was left out of work.
The owner was rude and dry with him.
He said one winter day:
- Soulless dog! It is high time
Let me teach you a lesson for being lazy!
And he drove the dog away from the yard.

It's easy to say "soulless dog."
But who is more soulless? - That's the question!

Conversation

– What is shown in the illustration? What did the owner do with his aged dog, who had served him faithfully for many years? What is his action called? What unkind qualities did the dog’s owner display? What should a Christian do? Who is the personification of evil?

Group assignment. Based on the table, describe the owner of the dog. Choose synonyms and antonyms for the word soulless.

– How can evil be corrected? Can we say that someone who does evil sins?

Expressive reading of A.K. Pinaev’s fable. "Puppy and Donkey".(http://apinaev.ru/).

Puppy and Donkey

Growing up in the woods on an old farm
Cheerful Donkey and Puppy.
The puppy was a gentle, faithful friend,
And Donkey called him “Buddy”.
Two years have passed. The dog has grown up.
And the Donkey became a Donkey.
He became important and like mercy
He said "Hello" with a wave of his tail.
Another nine, ten years passed.
Our dog has aged noticeably
But he was, as before, kind and cheerful
And he helped everyone as best he could.
The donkey forgot, of course, his friend:
He's always busy, he's busy,
It’s like there’s a blizzard in his soul
All feelings were swept to the bottom.
When we meet, he’s already at the door
Not to nod a little, -
He looked at the Dog arrogantly, sternly
And he tried to kick him.
...
In whom callousness and rudeness have sprouted
There is no sensitivity to be found in that.

– What do the Donkey and Puppy shown in the illustration look like? What are they thinking?

D. Working with dictionaries.

- Is it possible to name vain arrogant, angry, arrogant, rude Donkey? (See the meaning of the word conceited in dictionaries).
– Write down synonyms and antonyms for the word vanity.
– Is the Donkey the personification of evil? Sin is a synonym for evil. What sins possessed the Donkey? Prove it. Who became the complete opposite of Donkey? What qualities do you need to cultivate in yourself in order to bring goodness to the world?

Material from Wikipedia

Vanity (from vain (vain) + glory) - the desire to look good in the eyes of others, the need to confirm one’s superiority, sometimes accompanied by a desire to hear flattery from other people.
Related concepts are pride, arrogance, star fever, pride.
Dahl's Dictionary of Pride
Proud - arrogant, arrogant, arrogant; pompous, arrogant; who puts himself above others (Dahl).
The explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language by Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl defines vanity as a human property, expressed in a greedy search for worldly glory, the desire for honor, praise, the need for recognition of imaginary merits by those around him, and the tendency to do good deeds for the sake of praise.
Ushakov’s explanatory dictionary defines vanity as “empty arrogance, arrogance, the desire to be an object of fame and veneration.”
Christianity.
Vanity is considered one of the manifestations of pride, which is one of the main sins, called sinful passions in Orthodoxy.
A vain person is an idolater, although he is called a believer. He thinks he worships God; but in reality he pleases not God, but people.
The Holy Scriptures condemn pride in many places. For example, in the Old Testament, in the Book of Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach it is said:
The beginning of sin is pride (Sir. 10:15 rs).
Here the Holy Scripture teaches us that the beginning of all sins is pride. It follows from this that the opposite virtue of pride is humility.

D. Statements are projected. Commented reading as directed by the teacher. How to recognize pride?

Holy Fathers about pride (pride). In the Creation, like the saints of our father Ephraim the Syrian, there is chapter 3 entitled “In the overthrow of pride.” Nature is beautifully described there pride and the opposite virtue of humility.

Saint Tikhon of Zadonsk, in his works, has the following reasoning about pride: “Detestable sin is pride, but few people know it, as it is hidden deep in the heart.
Signs of pride.

1. Seek glory, honor and praise in every way.
2. Starting things is beyond your strength.
3. Interfere with any business without permission.
4. Elevate yourself without shame.
5. Despise others.
6. Having lost your honor, become indignant, murmur and complain.
7. To be the highest is disobedient.
8. Be kind to yourself, and not attribute it to God.
9. Be thorough in everything. (Strive - try (Dahl).
10. Discuss other people's affairs.
11. Elevate their errors, diminish their praise.
12. Show some arrogance in word and deed.
13. Corrections and admonitions not to love, not to accept advice.
14. Do not tolerate being humiliated, and so on.” (Creations like the Saints of our father Tikhon of Zadonsk, Flesh and Spirit, Book 1-2, p. 34).

The Holy Righteous Father John of Kronstadt in his diary “My Life in Christ” writes this: “Whoever is infected with pride is inclined to show contempt for everything, even for holy and divine objects: pride mentally destroys or defiles every good thought, word, deed, every creation of God. This is the deadening breath of Satan." (Paris, 1984, p. 10).

Signs to recognize pride (arrogance) in yourself.

To the question: “How to recognize pride in yourself?” – Jacob, Archbishop of Nizhny Novgorod, writes the following: “If what is born in you first of all is not the thought of meekly correcting a mistake made by others, but displeasure and anger, then know that you are proud and deeply proud. If even the slightest failures in your affairs sadden you and cause boredom and burden, etc. and the thought of God’s Providence participating in our affairs does not amuse you, then know that you are proud and deeply proud. If you are hot to your own needs and cold to the needs of others, then know that you are proud and deeply proud. If, at the sight of the troubles of others, even your enemies, you feel happy, and at the sight of the unexpected happiness of your neighbors you feel sad, then know that you are proud and deeply proud. If modest remarks about your shortcomings are offensive to you, and praise about your unprecedented merits is pleasant and delightful for you, then know that you are proud and deeply proud.”

Saint John Climacus writes about it this way: “The image of extreme pride is that a person, for the sake of glory, hypocritically shows virtues that are not in him.”
The proud person at this stage is in a state of complete isolation. Look at how he talks and argues: he either does not hear at all what is said to him, or hears only what coincides with his views; if they tell him something that disagrees with his opinions, he becomes angry, as if from a personal insult, mocks and furiously denies. In those around him he sees only those properties that he himself imposed on them, incl. even in his praises he remains proud, closed in on himself, impenetrable to the objective.”

Saint Ignatius Brianchaninov:

“The search for human glory. Boasting. Desire and search for earthly honors. Love of beautiful clothes, carriages, servants and cell things. Attention to the beauty of your face, the pleasantness of your voice and other qualities of your body. A disposition towards the dying sciences and arts of this age, a desire to succeed in them in order to acquire temporary, earthly glory. Shame to confess your sins. Hiding them before people and the spiritual father. Craftiness. Verbal justification. Disclaimer. Making up your mind. Hypocrisy. Lie. Flattery. People-pleasing. Envy. Humiliation of one's neighbor. Changeability of character. Pretense. Unconscionability."

Vanity is considered one of the manifestations of pride, which is one of the major sins, called sinful passions in Orthodoxy.

E. Creative work in a group 2-3 min.

Write a mini-essay “How can evil be corrected?” (based on the fables of A.K. Pinaev) Russian church music is playing. (Youth choir “O Glorious Miracle - The Song of Optina Hermitage” or Orthodox chants of the children’s choir “Lord, have mercy. Spiritual verse”). (http: //boqoslovy.ru/musuc.htm)

A representative from the group reads out the essay.

5. Conclusion

– The commandments of the Bible lead people along the path of Good, therefore they are of great importance for all humanity.

Indeed, the commandments help people build relationships with each other and lead a correct lifestyle.

The student retells the commandments (homework).

Commandments.

1. God is one for everyone.
2. Don't worship idols.
3. Don't take God's name in vain.
4. Work for six days and rest on the seventh.
5. Honor your father and mother.
6. Don't kill.
7. Don’t cheat – love faithfully, faithfully.
8. Don't steal.
9. Do not inform or lie, do not slander, do not gossip, do not judge, and do not believe slanderers.
10. Don’t envy other people’s goodness, be content with what you have. From envy come bad desires, and from bad desires come evil deeds.

“For a successful, fruitful and correct life, it is very important to know and understand what is good and what is evil in order to follow the right path. Many people have tried to understand what is good and what is evil, but no one has defined what is good and what is evil so clearly, so deeply and so truly as Christianity.

6. Lesson summary

– On what and on whom does the presence of evil in life depend?
– What do you think is the meaning of human life: to create the beautiful, the good, or the ugly, the evil?
– What should a person strive for in his life?
– Can you and I change the world?
– What can we really do so that we can say about ourselves and our loved ones - yes, we are following the path of good?

7. Reflection

– What did this lesson make you think about?
- It was difficult…
-I understand that…

8. Homework (optional)

– Draw a picture on the theme “The Path of Goodness.”
– Write an essay – an argument on the topic “Good and Evil.”
– Find writers’ stories about people’s good deeds, prepare a short retelling.
- Help someone.
– Find proverbs, sayings about kindness and explain their meaning.

A FABLE ABOUT GOOD AND EVIL...

I decided to eradicate "evil"
But my friends, I was unlucky...
I thought: I will tear out the root of “evil”
From underground, and that's it!
The insidious trail of “evil” will disappear,
And Light will reign in the world!

I started poking my nose everywhere,
To solve a simple question:
Where can this “root of evil” be found?
Where does “evil” grow from?
In which regions, in which country?
Is it better to find the source of “evil”?!

I took a shovel and a shovel,
But I couldn’t dig the “root”:
Not that he was deep
(I could handle the matter easily) -
End "evil" forever
Good got in the way, as luck would have it!

Everywhere you look -
Good and evil in one pattern
They are intertwined in a tight ball,
Tied in a knot -
Don't unravel, don't tear!
And “evil” dreams of becoming good!

What was "evil" for someone?
To others it is good!
And in turn good
Sometimes he fraternizes with “evil”!
They are in a chain, like two links!
Like wind and waves in the sea!

I wanted to take aim at “evil”,
But “evil” said: don’t shoot!
There is hidden good in me -
As in copper alloy silver:
You just need to recognize it -
It's high time you knew about this!

I raised my spear at him,
But “evil” is my zeal
The answer flashed silver:
I am an inseparable fusion with goodness!
Drive us out one by one
It’s impossible... it’s high time to understand!

I took a sharp knife from the kitchen,
But you can’t mix “evil” with good
And an ocean of clean waters!
And everyone knows in advance
What is “evil” with good, like light and “darkness”,
They squeeze the world into one “fist”!

And in the evening, knocked off my feet,
I summed it up like this:
Good and evil are inseparable
Never in your unity!
And we are everything, and we keep everything,
But we always have a choice:
Give in to fear, separate
From God, Heaven and Earth,
Or accept yourself, open up
Towards Light and Love!

MAGICAL FLOWERS

In one village under the mountain
Grandfather Illarion lived;
One day in the spring
He was digging in the garden...

So that the garden has a neat appearance,
He trimmed the bushes
And a neighbor lived nearby, David:
The houses were standing next to each other!

Hilarion lowered his gaze
And, remembering an old dispute,
He threw a bundle of branches
Under the neighbor's fence...

The roosters have crowed
David goes out into the garden:
- These twigs are dry
Such a sad look...

He carefully collected the branches,
Placed it in a bowl of water,
And every morning he sent
Hello to them, my good fellow!

The branches are covered with leaves,
There are no number of buds!
That's what magic it is
God sent David!

David shines with a smile,
And in the morning, just before light,
Hilarion knocks on the door:
- Accept my gift, neighbor!

Neighbors rejoicing at the flowers
We hugged and have been since then
They (in response to their dreams)
Forgotten the old dispute!

THE PATH TO HAPPINESS

One day a young man on his way
I met a famous sage:
- Tell me, where can I find happiness? –
I found myself among the “losers”...

Ah, everything is wrong in my affairs!
I don't see the point in this life!
And, having overcome my former fear,
I went to travel around the world!

Tell me, Teacher, where is the Soul
Finds peace and happiness?
In which country, in which region
Does your soul sing and melt with happiness?

Do you believe in God?
- Yes, Father! I pray to him every day!
- Great, Friend! Well done!
Be friends with inspired prayer!

Understand: the answer to your question
Your strong Faith is embedded -
You can, like silver,
Measure Happiness in full measure!

Happy World is within You!
Try to find your way to it!
Listen: The angels are trumpeting
In your Soul they glorify God!

You can change with Vera
Around you is the space of the World,
And create in abundance
A dream from thought... from “ether”!

Connect with Yourself
In the Unity of the Sunlight,
And you will be your own destiny
Command over winter and summer!

You say you lost
And you leave the battlefield...
You are the Commander, General!
You are a god! And you don’t know it yourself!

There is a big secret in your hands -
There is a reliable path from “darkness” to Light:
Connected with Yourself
Everything “impossible” is Possible!