A poet, lyricist, playwright, praising freedom and brotherhood, denouncing evil, injustice and lies - this is exactly how Pushkin was perceived by his contemporaries. And therefore, when “The Tales of the Late Ivan Petrovich Belkin” came out from his pen, it caused bewilderment and disappointment in society. Even Belinsky considered “the news unworthy of either Pushkin’s talent or name.” We offer a brief retelling of the story “The Peasant Young Lady” - the pearl of the cycle.
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The appearance of the story and its meaning
The history of the creation of the cycle is as follows. The year of writing is 1830. The author on whose behalf the story is told, Ivan Petrovich Belkin, is a fictitious person, allegedly a young landowner, one of whose hobbies is writing.
All five stories were created by Pushkin in different styles, for example, “The Young Lady-Peasant Woman” is presented in the direction of "sentimentalism".
The good-natured and simple manner of presentation of the fictional character gives convincing authenticity to the story. At the same time, the elements of intrigue, unexpected turns and adventure introduced by the author into the plot make the “Tale” interesting, but remain clear and understandable.
Important! The story “The Peasant Young Lady” occupies a special place in the cycle. This is an elegant sitcom, a kind of vignette with masquerade disguises taking place in a noble estate.
The plot of "The Peasant Young Lady" is similar to Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet", but with Russian realities and a happy ending.
The main characters of the story
- Ivan Petrovich Berestov;
- Alexey Berestov, son of Ivan Petrovich;
- “a real Russian master” Grigory Ivanovich Muromsky;
- Elizaveta Muromskaya, daughter of Grigory Ivanovich.
Montagues and Capulets from the nobility
In Belkin's story "The Young Lady-Peasant" we are talking about two noble families, headed by widowed landowners. It is difficult to find two such dissimilar personalities: the Tugilov master Ivan Petrovich Berestov and his Priluchinsky neighbor Grigory Ivanovich Muromsky. Hostility, akin to enmity, separates these two surnames in the manner of Shakespearean heroes.
Ivan Petrovich Berestov, a once brilliant guards officer, who has now retired and become a respectable wealthy landowner, lives on his family estate in Tugilovo. He has been a widower for a long time; his wife died in childbirth, leaving an infant son in her husband’s arms. Berestov is a strong and zealous owner who does not recognize newfangled foreign reorganizations. Having in circulation, in addition to the landowner's lands, a cloth factory, he has a stable income and is in prosperity.
Full antipode of Berestov Grigory Ivanovich Muromsky he lives next door in the village of Priluchino.
He absorbed all the features of a true Russian master - he squandered his fortune, incurred debts, and, having become a widower, went to the last unmortgaged village, where he continued to frivolously and carelessly act extravagantly, but in a different way.
His new whim was Anglomanism: he laid out an English garden, dressed his grooms in jockey liveries, carried out crop rotation and plowing according to the “English” method, and even hired a true Englishwoman, Miss Jackson, from the shores of Foggy Albion to be his daughter’s governess.
However, among the rest of his neighbors he was known as a smart man, and he was even the first to take a bold and unusual move, mortgaging his estate into the Council of Guardians.
Both gentlemen treated each other with contempt and condemnation. Berestov reviled Muromsky for English fanfare and a penchant for wastefulness, and his counterpart in response called his neighbor a narrow-minded provincial and a Russian bear.
But this story of confrontations between two noble families would not be so interesting to the reader if it were not for the intrigue between its young representatives. It's time to get to know them better.
Young tribe of the Berestovs and Muromskys
Having lost his mother in infancy, Alexey Berestov raised by his father from childhood m. Having graduated from university on time, the young boy decided to devote himself to military service. And, it must be admitted, a military uniform would have suited his slender figure like no one else. For this reason, he even grew a mustache.
But his strict father categorically opposed his desire: he saw his son only in civil service. However, the young man, who adored dashing horse racing, hunting and other entertainments, could not imagine himself at all at the office desk.
The young master was unusually good-looking: tall, ruddy, broad in the shoulders and proud in posture - all the surrounding young ladies went crazy about him.
He, putting on a mask of gloomy disappointment, talking about lost ideals and the strangeness of love, did not honor anyone with his attention.
There were rumors that the reason for the barchuk's insensitivity lay in a romantic relationship with a certain young lady living in Moscow.
Lisa Muromskaya, or Betsy, as her father called her in the English manner, is the neighbor of a young rake of seventeen years old. The only and therefore spoiled child Lisa had a playful disposition, her brown eyes sparkled like living embers on her pleasant face. Her endless pranks delighted her father and drove the governess into despair, who was dying of boredom in this barbaric country.
The girl could form her idea of Alexei only from the words of her friends - young ladies, because the elder Berestovs and Muromskys were in a quarrel. Moreover, the young girl’s interest in the imaginary image in her dreams was fueled. Elizaveta dreams of meeting Alexei, but does not know how to do it.
A story of disguises or the vicissitudes of love
His Majesty the Case comes to the aid of the young lady. She had a maid, Nastya, a little older than her mistress, but just as naughty and a confidant in all her heartfelt secrets. In other words, the maid was assigned the role of a duenna. It was she who had the opportunity to see the young master with her own eyes, going to the cook’s wife’s name day in Tugilovo. The young lady, waiting for a maid from among the guests, was exhausted with impatience.
The characterization of Alexei, given by the maid, plunged the young lady into shock. No hint of interesting pallor, boredom or disappointment. “Slender, handsome, blush all over his cheek... and what a spoiler, there’s no way to describe it.” He played burners with the yard servants, so “he came up with something else - how he would catch which girl, and, well, kiss him,” in a word, “mad.”
The desire to see a cheerful fellow was growing every minute. Lisa and Nastya have come up with an excellent plan, in their opinion.
First meeting
The girl decides to dress up as a peasant, and since the local dialect is familiar to her, the girl was not in danger of being exposed. A shirt made of thick linen and a sundress made of blue Chinese clothing were cut and sewn the very next day, and bast shoes were woven onto delicate legs that were not used to the prickly grass. It's a miracle how good she was Liza Muromskaya in this outfit e.
Early in the morning, in the most cheerful and playful mood, the mischievous woman approached the grove on the border of the family domain.
Here, in her understanding, Alexey Berestov was supposed to appear. And indeed, a dog was heard barking in the distance, the hound flew onto the path and scared Lisa. Following this, the dog’s owner appeared and called the dog away in French.
Elizabeth did not fail take advantage of the circumstances And. Alexey Berestov, captivated by the young peasant woman, decided to see her off.
On the way, in order to equalize them on the social level, he introduced himself as a servant of the Tugilov master, but the girl immediately refuted his words. She herself called herself the daughter of a local blacksmith, Akulina.
Attention! Based on Pushkin's story, director Alexei Sakharov made a comedy film of the same name (1995), based on a hoax with the subsequent exposure of the heroine. There is also a theater production and even a musical.
Every minute the young man liked Akulina more and more, and he took her word of honor that their meeting would be repeated the next day. The young lady, fearing that if she were absent, Berestov would appear at the forge, promised to come on a date.
A fun adventure turns into a great feeling
Just a few hours later, young lady, full of remorse, decides to stop meeting with the young man, but only the fear of searching for the real Akulina keeps her from this step. How events develop further:
- Alexey, full of dreams about the black-eyed villager, is looking forward to the next morning.
- The next day, when they meet, Lisa expresses the idea of the futility of their acquaintance and the frivolity of her action (of course, in a peasant dialect).
- Alexey, enchanted by the girl, assures her of the innocence of his thoughts and promises not to seek meetings with her in the future without her knowledge.
- Two months flew by unnoticed. The young people realized that they were in love with each other, they felt good together.
- Elizabeth and Alexey thought little about the future and lived in the present.
Contingency
Meanwhile, an incident happened that almost destroyed the idyll of the young. On a cold autumn morning, Lisa’s father went for a walk and unexpectedly came across Ivan Petrovich Berestov, who was hunting.
The meeting could no longer be avoided, but then Muromsky’s horse carried and then threw off the rider. His leg was injured, and Berestov, observing the rules of hospitality, invited Muromsky to his place.
Over breakfast, the neighbors started talking and were surprised to notice many common topics and similar tastes. All the feuds were forgotten, Grigory Ivanovich was carefully seated in the droshky, and, making a parting promise to be in Priluchino the next day for lunch, he departed for his home.
Lisa, having learned about the upcoming rendezvous, fell into despair. The fear of exposure, on the one hand, and the desire to see how her lover would behave in other circumstances, are intricately intertwined. The tried and tested method came to the rescue again.
The next day the Berestovs arrived at lunchtime. Alexey, whose heart was not free, still wanted to look at the beauty he had heard about. And who did he see? A whitewashed and pretentious woman, dressed in an absurd outfit a la Pompadour, floated into the room. Where could Alexey recognize his simple-hearted Akulina in this coquette?
The young mischief's idea was a success. Father just laughed good-naturedly at another fun daughter And. Miss Jackson took this trick as a mockery of herself, for the white and antimony were taken from her room without permission. But the young lady, having assured the governess of the innocence of the joke, was forgiven.
Successful resolution of a confusing situation
The next day, the young man described to Akulina the details of the meeting with the cutesy beauty in such funny terms that Lisa laughed heartily.
But still she complained about her illiteracy, and Alexey Berestov immediately became eager to teach her letters.
Imagine the young man’s surprise when, after a short time, his sweet shepherdess carefully spelled out whole words and read them syllable by syllable. They started corresponding.
But then new clouds gathered over the lovers. By that time, the parents of our newlyweds had become friends and were imbued with such sympathy for each other that they decided to marry their children. Ivan Petrovich called his son to him and announced to him the decision made. Alexey greets this proposal with a spiritual shudder and resolutely refuses it, which infuriates his father, who promises to disinherit his son.
In confusion, the young man writes a letter to his beloved, in which he outlines the hopelessness of the situation and calls on darling Akulina to run away with him and live by righteous labors.
Calling on all his courage, young Berestov goes to Priluchino for a decisive explanation. But Muromsky is not at home, and Berestov intends to talk with his daughter. He enters the room - and what does he see: Akulina, Akulina’s beloved, was sitting in a white morning outfit and reading his letter.
Important! The tradition of dressing in simple peasant clothes is still alive today. In 1992, a young woman from Yekaterinburg and her friend opened an Orthodox clothing store called “The Peasant Young Lady.” Now three stores of the project are open in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg.
Young Peasant Lady Pushkin - analysis of the novel
The outcome is more than clear
So what does the light, with elements of humor, story of Lisa and Alexei from “The Young Peasant Lady” teach? The main idea of the work is that the main values of a person are not status and class, but intelligence, honor, kindness, sincerity and simplicity.
Ivan Petrovich Berestov is one of the characters in A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Young Lady-Peasant Woman”, a landowner in Tugilov, the father of Alexei, a neighbor of the Anglomaniac Muromsky. Berestov, a widowed landowner, knows how to manage his own household and considers himself very smart, although he has only read the Senate Gazette. His neighbors respect him, they say that he is a smart landowner, but they consider him a little proud and arrogant. The neighboring landowner Muromsky thinks the same about him. A difficult relationship develops between these two, even hostility.
In turn, Berestov does not like Grigory Ivanovich’s Anglomania. He runs the household in the English manner, and calls his daughter Betsy instead of Lisa, and hired a teacher from England. The conservative Ivan Petrovich did not like all these innovations. So they lived in mutual hostility, but in the same neighborhood. Berestov was strict with his only son. He sent him to study at the city university, but when Alexey wanted to pursue a military career, he did not give his blessing. The young master had to return to the village and live there.
Soon an event occurred that brought the neighbors closer together. Once, while hunting in Tugilov, Berestov saw Muromsky being carried by a horse and then thrown off. He immediately came to the rescue, invited his neighbor to his place and treated him to breakfast. After this incident, the landowners became friends and began to visit each other, and even decided to marry their children. However, Alexei did not like this idea, since he was in love, as he believed, with the daughter of the Priluchinsky blacksmith, Akulina. Then Berestov threatened to deprive his son of his inheritance. Frustrated, Alexey went to the neighbors’ estate to explain everything to them and found his beloved Akulina there, who was Liza Muromskaya.
Analysis of the plot of the story "The Young Lady-Peasant". Characteristics of the heroes of the story. General analysis of the work.The plot of Pushkin's story "The Young Lady-Peasant" similar to the plot of the famous Shakespearean play “Romeo and Juliet”. The main characters of both works love each other and want to be together, despite the fact that their fathers are at enmity with each other. Meanwhile, unlike Shakespeare's characters, Pushkin's heroes successfully overcome all conflicts, and in the end everything ends well for them.
The plot line of the story is the theme of love. The son of the landowner Berestov, Alexey, having met Lisa, the daughter of the landowner Muromsky living next door, soon became “passionately in love” with her:
“I begged her not to deprive him of one joy: to see her alone, at least every other day, at least twice a week,” the young man could not live without a girl, since “he was already in love without memory.”
And the girl herself, reciprocating the young man’s feelings, “was no more indifferent.” Love prompts both to meet frequently and soon leads them to the idea of marriage.
Meanwhile, the fathers of young people do not like each other. Thus, Muromsky “did not get along” with Berestov and “every minute found opportunities to criticize him.” In turn, “hatred of innovation was a distinctive feature” of Berestov, who condemned the ideas of the “Anglomaniac” Muromsky. Muromsky, who does not like criticism, responded by “furying and calling his zoil a bear and a provincial.” On this basis, a conflict broke out between the landowners.
The heroes of the story tend to welcome guests cordially. Thus, Muromsky cordially welcomes neighbors into his house, even when his longtime rival Berestov is a guest:
“Muromsky received his neighbors as kindly as possible.”
Muromsky's daughter Liza also decides to receive unexpected guests, but only if her father accepts her conditions:
“I will accept them, if you wish, only with an agreement: no matter how I appear before them, no matter what I do, you will not scold me,” the girl agrees with her father’s proposal.
However, in addition to the desire for acceptance, the heroes are also overcome by the opposite desire - for rejection. For example, Berestov threatens to reject his son if he does not accept his will:
“You get married, or I’ll curse you, and I’ll sell the property and squander it, and I won’t leave you half a dime.”
However, Alexey rejects his father’s offer:
“I don’t want to get married and I won’t get married,” the young man persists.
Much attention in the story is paid to the issues of the characters’ belonging to something or someone. For example, Berestov owns considerable property:
“He built a house according to his own plan, started a cloth factory, tripled his income,” the landowner expanded his holdings.
For comparison, the yard girl Nastya emphasizes her belonging only to her mistress Lisa:
“I’m yours, not daddy’s,” the girl declares to Muromsky’s daughter.
At the same time, Nastya separates herself from the hostility between the landowners.
“What do we care about gentlemen! ... Let the old people fight if they are having fun,” the girl avoids the master’s quarrel.
Likewise, Lisa, having met Alexei, at first keeps herself apart:
“Lisa jumped away from him and suddenly took on such a stern and cold look,” the girl assumes an inaccessible look.
The story often notes the identical behavior of the characters. So, Alexey and Lisa experience identical feelings for each other - “increasing mutual inclination.”
“Dressed up as a peasant woman,” Lisa strives to look identical to an ordinary village woman:
“She repeated her role, ... spoke in a peasant dialect,” the heroine behaves like a peasant woman.
At the same time, a number of the characters in the story often remain aloof from other people. Such, for example, is the “prim” Englishwoman Miss Jackson, who, in her words, “was dying of boredom in this barbaric Russia” with cultural traditions alien to her.
While the “Anglomaniac” Muromsky even “cultivated his fields ... according to the English method,” Berestov deliberately behaves “in the Russian way,” avoiding everything alien to folk traditions:
“Russian bread will not be born in someone else’s style,” the story notes.
Thus, the characters in the story have inherent desires for belonging, acceptance, identity and love. These needs are of the consolidating type.
Meanwhile, the heroes also show opposite tendencies: towards isolation, rejection, alienation, and conflicts.
Note that the characters are distinguished not only by a certain set of aspirations, but also by ways of satisfying their desires. Heroes are also distinguished by their degree of self-control.
Feeling love for Lisa after the first date, Alexey is so absorbed in passion that he wants to see her again:
“Alexey was delighted; all day he thought about his new acquaintance; at night, the image of a dark-skinned beauty haunted his imagination,” the image of a girl haunts the young man.
Alexey does not know that in the form of the peasant woman Akulina he is dealing with Liza, and therefore refuses to marry Muromsky’s daughter. Meanwhile, Alexei’s father, unaware of his son’s feelings, demands that he abandon his stubbornness and marry Lisa:
“I’ll give you three days to think about it, but in the meantime, don’t dare show your face to me,” Berestov threatens to leave his son without an inheritance.
Mistaking Liza for an illiterate villager, Alexey intends to use the skills he acquired at the university to educate the girl, and therefore takes her under his wing:
“If you want, I’ll teach you to read and write right away,” the young man is ready to instruct Akulina.
A young man enjoys taking care of a girl:
“I will accompany you if you are afraid,” Alexey takes care of Lisa.
Meanwhile, Alexey himself is not always independent in making decisions:
“It is my duty to obey you,” the young man admits his dependence on his father.
Alexey, in the words of the yard girl Nastya, “loves to chase girls.” Indeed, already on the first date, having warmed up to Lisa, disguised as a simple peasant woman, he involuntarily holds the girl:
“Accustomed to not standing on ceremony with pretty villagers, he wanted to hug her,” and when saying goodbye, “he held her hand.”
Lisa, trying to get rid of the possible claims of the young master, calls herself Akulina, the daughter of a blacksmith:
“Akulina,” answered Lisa, trying to free her fingers from Alekseeva’s hand, “let me go, master; It’s time for me to go home.”
As the narrative progresses, it is mentioned that the appearance and manners of society ladies are so identical that they look impersonal:
“The skill of light soon smoothes out character and makes souls as monotonous as hats,” uniformity reigns in high society.
At the same time, a number of characters stand out from others due to the peculiarity of their appearance. For example, as the narrative progresses, the “character peculiarity” of the county young ladies is noted, emphasizing the “originality” of their nature. Likewise, Alexey, who received a university education, stands out for his unusual manners in a simple village environment, and therefore is perceived by local young ladies as a special person:
“He wore a black ring with the image of a death’s head. All this was extremely new in that province.”
Character analysis carried out The story “The Peasant Young Lady” shows that the heroes have needs of a consolidating type. Characters differ both in the types of aspirations and in the ways they satisfy their desires associated with their character traits.
The work emphasizes the issues of belonging of something to someone. All characters, one way or another, belong to something. At the same time, some characters seek to patronize others, thereby depriving them of independence. Sometimes the characters stand apart, emphasizing their independence.
Many characters are characterized by their acceptance of other people. At the same time, heroes reject in others what they do not like. Sometimes characters want to keep someone close to them, which causes the opposite reaction in others - the desire to get rid of the obsessive treatment.
The work repeatedly notes the identity of the behavior of some characters, even to the point of depersonalization. At the same time, the peculiar character of a number of characters is also emphasized. At the same time, the manifestation of national identity is contrasted with fashionable foreign trends as an alien way of life.
The plot-forming line of the work is based on the correlation of opposing themes: love and conflict. The main character is completely consumed by feelings for the heroine. In this case, circumstances force the hero, as it seems, to abandon his intentions to marry for love. Meanwhile, in the end, all the contradictions that arose between the characters are successfully resolved.
Analysis of characters, characteristics of the plot of the story The Young Lady-Peasant.
Despite the fact that the heroes in “The Peasant Young Lady” ( summary) not so many, each of them is truly original, unique and inimitable. They have quite lively characters, sparkling humor, rather realistic experiences - one might say that Pushkin managed to perfectly recreate not only the appearance of the village of that time, but also the conflict between two landowners, which sometimes seems absurd, and sometimes too petty to pay attention to.
Main characters
Liza Muromskaya (Young Lady-Peasant)- a spoiled, capricious girl. She is 17 years old, she has black eyes and a very pretty appearance. An Englishwoman and a girl, Nastya, are looking after the young lady. Like all the girls in the village, she is passionate about Alexei, who seems to her to be the ideal man. Tries to diversify village life. When meeting with the master, he hides his real name and calls himself a simple peasant woman, Akulina.
Berestov Ivan Petrovich- a widower whose wife passed away during childbirth. A man finds his joy in housekeeping. By the way, the estate’s income is constantly growing - therefore, Berestov keeps his accounting correctly. He built a large house, full of splendor, and planted a beautiful garden. As for his neighbor, Muromsky, Berestov despises his way of life - and he does not hide it. Despite this, the hero puts the calculation and will of his parents above romantic feelings. Conservative.
Muromsky Grigory Ivanovich- Berestov's neighbor and his worst enemy. Has a daughter, Lisa. Management is somewhat more difficult for him than for Ivan Petrovich. As for his views on life, Muromsky is the complete opposite of his conservative neighbor. He tries to follow Europe (which is expressed both in the attire of servants and in raising his daughter). In his youth, he managed to squander his entire fortune, so he left for the village. Where, however, he managed to adapt.
Alexei- son of Ivan Petrovich, also living in the village. The young man is good-looking, smart and educated. Possesses honesty and uncompromisingness. He believes in “eternal ideals” and “heaven in a hut,” because he leaves for his beloved, even knowing full well that his father can deprive him of his inheritance if the marriage is not a “winning match.” The dream of all the local girls, who know that he has pleasant facial features, is pale and suffers from unrequited love.
Nastya– despite the fact that she is somewhat older than Lisa, the heroine is also flighty and funny. The young ladies are friends, share their sorrows and joys with each other, and indulge in fun together. She cannot be called either a positive or a negative character. Rather, Nastya is neutral and was introduced by the author into the narrative only so that Lisa would have some kind of companion who would help in pranks, amusements and adventures.
Minor characters
Miss Jackson- a strict lady about 40 years old. He is constantly in a state of semi-fainting from the actions of his pupil. Being in Russia does not bring joy to the Englishwoman - she experiences a constant state of stress from the savagery of personalities and morals, and dreams of returning to her homeland as quickly as possible.
Characteristics of the heroes of the story The Young Lady-Peasant
There are several heroes in this short story, some of them are mentioned once or a couple of times, such as Vasily the blacksmith and his daughter Akulina, others play an important role in the story, it’s worth mentioning about these second ones, although, of course, the main ones are two: Alexey Ivanovich Berestov, a young gentleman from Tugilov, and Lizaveta Grigorievna Muromskaya.
Alexey and Lizaveta are the children of two gentlemen who did not get along with each other, whose estates are located next door. It is because of the disagreements between these two heroes that the story described by Pushkin begins.
Ivan Petrovich Berestov, Alexei's father, he settled on his estate in Tugilovo immediately after he resigned, before that he was a hussar, and since then he has practically not left the village. His wife died in childbirth. People in the area considered him proud, although this did not stop them from loving him. He considered himself a very smart person, since the affairs of the estate were going well, he managed its expenses himself and had a cloth factory, although he read nothing but newspapers.
Grigory Ivanovich Muromsky, in his youth he wasted a lot, losing all his estates, with the exception of the last one, in which he settled, becoming a widow with his only daughter Lisa. Grigory Ivanovich now continued to live in grand style, for which Ivan Petrovich did not like him. Muromsky started an English garden, and the entire structure of his estate was in the English style.
The main character Lizaveta Grigorievna was a 17-year-old girl who, like all village young ladies, had an original character, not smoothed over by high society. Outwardly, she was a beauty with dark skin and black eyes. Her character was lively and mischievous. It was thanks to her character that she decided on an adventure when, disguised as a peasant woman, she went towards Tugilov to see the young master. Liza had heard a lot about the beauty and stateliness of young Berestov, they talked a lot about him in the area, but she was almost the only one who had not yet seen him. Therefore, Lisa can be described as a very brave girl, although at first she was very worried about the fact that she promised Alexey to come again to the place of their first meeting. Since, due to the enmity of her fathers, she could not even hope for an alliance with Alexei Berestov.
Alexey Ivanovich Berestov- this is a young man, the only son of Ivan Petrovich Berestov. Alexey dreamed of becoming a hussar, joining a regiment and being a military man, but this was not the will of his father. Young Berestov can be considered an obedient son, since he really obeyed his parent in this regard. But still, his character is strong, and this manifests itself during his father’s desire to marry him to Lizaveta of Murom. Alexey refuses, not yet suspecting that Lisa is the same Akulina whom he fell in love with. At this moment, he shows his strong-willed character, directly tells his father that he will not marry, and having heard that his father will deprive him of his inheritance, he still decides to be with Akulina and writes her a letter, telling her everything and proposing to her.
Also important to the story are characters such as Nastya is a peasant girl, Lisa’s assistant, it is to her that the young lady trusts all her secrets and consults when making decisions. And the second character is Miss Jackson, Lisa’s French governess, who is largely influenced by Lizaveta Grigorievna’s mischievous character.
Essay main and secondary characters
This is a fun, light work about love in unequal social relationships.
Peasant young lady - Elizaveta Grigorievna Muromskaya. A charming black-eyed girl of seventeen years old. She is her father’s only daughter; her mother died early. The father dotes on the heiress and pampers her in everything. Lisa dreams of meeting her neighbor, Alexei Berestov, but this is impossible because their fathers are at enmity. The girl finds a way out by dressing up as a peasant woman. In this image and under a false name, she meets a young master in the forest until her deception is revealed.
Lisa is a very interesting girl by character. No one is bored with her. The heroine is easy to communicate with, both with ordinary peasants and servants, and with people in her circle. There is no affectation in Liza, like in city young ladies. She is cheerful and has a sense of humor, and has artistic abilities. It is not surprising that the young master fell under the spell of Lisa in the guise of a peasant woman from their first meeting.
Alexey Berestov is the son of a landowner. He is young and good-looking. Alexey finished his studies at the university and has not yet decided what to devote his life to in the future. While he is resting on his father's estate. While walking in the forest, a young man meets the blacksmith's daughter Akulina. Alexey is delighted with the peasant girl and continues to meet with her in the future. Akulina is so dear to him that he is ready to go against his father’s will and marry not Lisa Muromskaya, but an ordinary blacksmith’s daughter. In the end, it turns out that the young lady and the peasant woman are the same girl.
Alexey, like Liza, is an easy-going guy who does not hesitate to spend time with peasant youth. He is a cheerful, cheerful and energetic young man. He spends every morning hunting. Alexey, like Lisa, is liked by everyone in the area.
Ivan Petrovich Berestov is a wealthy landowner, a strong business executive. He adheres to old Russian traditions in estate management. Ivan Petrovich does not understand and does not accept his neighbor for his innovations, and often criticizes him. They have been feuding with each other for many years. One day, Ivan Petrovich will be an accidental witness to the injury of his enemy. He will show nobility and provide all the necessary assistance to Muromsky. From now on, their relationship will improve.
Ivan Petrovich is a good father. Having remained a widower, he raised his only son with dignity. Berestov enjoys authority in society.
Grigory Ivanovich Muromsky is a supporter of everything English, he even calls his daughter in a foreign manner - Betsy. Unlike his neighbor, the landowner does not know how to manage the farm. His estate does not generate income. Grigory Ivanovich is a widower and loves his only daughter very much.
Nastya is Lisa’s maid and her devoted friend. She is a little older than her young lady, but just as frivolous. Lisa trusts her with all her secrets.
Madame Jacqueline is Lisa's maid. A prim, stingy Englishwoman with emotions, she is overly fond of cosmetics.
Thus, Pushkin, in an ironic form, spoke about stereotypes in society and about the younger generation that is able to fight them.
Option 4
The story “The Peasant Young Lady” has a slightly playful character. All of her characters are likable.
Seventeen-year-old Liza Muromskaya - that is, a peasant young lady - is the only daughter of the landowner G.I. Muromsky. She grew up without a mother. Her father affectionately calls her Betsy and pampers her in every possible way, indulging her whims. The playful girl has a cute appearance. She has a dark face and black eyes.
She is energetic, smart, funny and creative. Like most county young ladies, she is a little romantic. Cravings adventure. She boldly dresses up in simple clothes and pretends to be the blacksmith’s daughter Akulina in order to see for herself whether the neighbor’s son is as they say about him.
Alexey is the son of I.P. Berestova. He is kind and cheerful. Particularly partial to the fair sex. Having a university education, he wants to enter military service, since civil service is completely uninteresting to him. However, his father is categorically against his choice.
The young man is quite handsome: ruddy-cheeked, tall, slender. Therefore, it is not surprising that thoughts about him filled the heads of all the neighboring young ladies. His manner of appearing gloomy and disappointed, lamenting about lost joys and faded youth, as well as the unusual black ring on his hand only fuel their curiosity.
He devotes a lot of time to hunting and horseback riding. Passionately falls in love with Lisa, posing as a peasant woman. He is even ready to disobey his father and marry her, sacrificing his inheritance.
I.P. Berestov is a Russian landowner living in a remote province. In his younger years he served in the guard. After retiring, he went to the village, where he seriously took up farming. He built a house according to his own drawings and erected a cloth factory. I wrote down the expenses myself. I read nothing except the weekly, in which new government laws and orders were published. Soon his income tripled.
The neighbors respect Ivan Petrovich, but consider him proud. He hates innovation, which is why up to a certain point he is hostile to the Anglomaniac Muromsky.
G.I. Muromsky is a gentleman who squandered a significant part of his fortune in Moscow. Having settled in the village, he began to manage things in a new way: he planted an English garden, ordered the fields to be cultivated according to English methods, hired an English madam for his daughter, and dressed the grooms as jockeys. Not stupid, but constantly in debt.
Nastya is a flighty peasant girl who serves Lisa. A little older than the owner. Together with her, he thinks about and organizes various ideas and pranks.
The number of Saltykov-Shchedrin's fairy tales includes 32 written works. But due to incorrect spelling, Saltykov-Shchedrin was never able to publish the complete and complete collection.
The main feature of the novel is the presence of fantastic characters who carry philosophical overtones. One of these heroes is the cat Behemoth - a werewolf in the guise of an ordinary, fat cat.
In the Chernsky district of the Tula province, the main character hunted black grouse. He got lost, and only in the evening he came to a place called Bezhin Meadow. Often in his stories I.S. Turgenev describes
A person’s character is not determined at birth; it develops on the basis of natural data under the influence of the environment and society, manifesting itself especially clearly at turning points in life.
Pushkin does not give evaluative definitions to the characters of Berestov and Muromsky, Alexei and Liza.
A confidently outlined life story of the heroes, laconic lines of portraits, brief and succinct speech characteristics, including improperly direct speech, the very behavior of the heroes in the current situation - all these are artistic means of creating characters in the story.
In fact, the time limits of the action of “The Young Lady-Peasant Woman” are defined. This is two to three months, starting from Nastya’s visit to the chef’s wife and to the recognition scene. However, the boundaries are pushed back when we restore the biographies of Muromsky and Berestov and, looking ahead, we see how two estates, two families merge into one - one rich, the other noble, and old men babysitting their grandchildren.
Ivan Petrovich Berestov
in his youth he served in the guard. Under Catherine II, service in the guard was a privilege for wealthy noble families. The guards have always been the Empress's support. It is no coincidence that Berestov retired at the beginning of 1797, when, after the death of Catherine II, Paul I, who imposed Prussian orders in Russia, came to the throne. A young, ardent guardsman, Berestov, like most Russian people, does not want to obey Paul I, and his protest against the new order is expressed by his resignation. Berestov was about 30 years old at that time, that is, he was born around 1767.
In 1801, Alexander I became emperor. Serfdom seemed unshakable. The nobility enjoyed all the privileges. The nobles understood that manufactories and factories were a profitable business, so the number of industrial enterprises in Russia increased significantly. Having become the sole owner of the estate, Berestov was not satisfied with his parents’ house, but decided to build his own, according to his own plan (he had something to compare with - he served in St. Petersburg!). The money invested in the construction of the factory was quickly returned, and income tripled. Serfs did not have to be paid like hired workers. Berestov became one of the richest landowners in the province, sent his son, who had grown up by that time, to study in the capitals, and then to the university (the University of Göttingen was the most popular among Russian students), he himself received guests, took care of horses and dogs, did not read anything, except for the Senate Gazette, and recorded the expenses himself.
Out of affection for everything homemade, Russian - or out of economy bordering on stinginess, he wore a frock coat made of homemade cloth, but on weekdays he wore a corduroy jacket. It seemed that he was a hospitable host, but for the treat the neighbors paid him with loud praises about his household management, agreed that he was the smartest person, did not interfere with his narcissism, feigned humility, and then went to tell Muromsky about Berestov and were amused by the rage of Grigory Ivanovich.
Of course, Berestov was a good host. Russian people said about such people: “The arrogance is noble, but the mind is peasant.” (V.I. Dal). He knew the value of work and time, he knew the value of money, and therefore could not understand Muromsky’s extravagance. Self-confidence allowed Ivan Petrovich to feel at home everywhere. He was used to people around him listening to him, and he didn’t think much about people’s moods.
In the first place in Berestov’s value chain was wealth and property. He does not miss an opportunity to emphasize his wealth: to travel three miles, he harnesses six horses; stubborn Alexei, who does not want to marry Liza Muromskaya, is threatened with deprivation of his inheritance. He looks at his son’s marriage as a profitable deal: “Grigory Ivanovich was a close relative of Count Pronsky, a noble and strong man; The count could be very useful to Alexei...”
From the image of Berestov there are only a few steps to the image of Kirila Petrovich Troekurov. The main, most prominent, prominent character trait of both is self-love.
If we conditionally divide the story, like a play, into five acts, then in the first two acts we see an allegedly pronounced conflict between Berestov and Muromsky.
Grigory Ivanovich Muromsky
was a close relative of Count Pronsky and had a significant fortune. It is possible that he was born in Moscow and, if he visited his estate as a child, he visited it extremely rarely. It was precisely these people, who did not know the value of labor and the time spent on work, who had no idea how bread would be born, who carelessly squandered their fortune in the capitals, lost at cards, and held balls (remember Eugene Onegin’s father). Muromsky served, but probably not for long (“the old men remembered the old times and the anecdotes of their service”). Perhaps he traveled abroad, where he became infected with Anglomania, that is, he became a passionate supporter of everything English.
In Moscow, his daughter was born and grew up. After the death of his wife, Muromsky left with his daughter to his village. His “pranks” - the English garden, the costumes of English jockeys on grooms, the maintenance of “Madame Miss Jackson”, who “received ... two thousand rubles and died of boredom in this barbaric Russia,” all this turned into new debts, moreover, the peasants of the estate pledged by Grigory Ivanovich to the Guardian Council had to pay interest on the amount that the landowner had successfully spent. The peasants went bankrupt, and the neighbors admired how Muromsky loved and pampered his daughter, whom he left without an inheritance, in fact with only debts (“... all her mother’s diamonds, not yet pawned, shone on her fingers, neck and ears” ). Moreover, he never tried to penetrate her inner world. He interpreted all actions that were incomprehensible to him in a way convenient for himself: after Lisa’s first early walk, he talks about “the principles of human longevity, gleaned from English magazines”; after dressing Lisa for dinner, he asks her a question and, without waiting for an answer, advises his daughter to use whitewash.
Just as Berestov does not see and does not understand his son, so Muromsky sees in Liza only the prankster and minx Betsy. But if Berestov is like Krylov’s hardworking Ant, then his neighbor glides through life like a Moth. This slippage, the habit of avoiding serious solutions to problems, carelessness and irresponsibility are also manifested in his speech. (“Are you crazy?” the father objected, “how long ago have you become so shy, or do you have a hereditary hatred of them, like a novel heroine?”)
We see the same thoughts of Muromsky about Lisa’s marriage: “...after the death of Ivan Petrovich, all his estate will pass into the hands of Alexei Ivanovich; that in this case Alexey Ivanovich will be one of the richest landowners of that province and that there is no reason for him not to marry Liza.” Muromsky's thought about of death neighbor contributed to the transformation of acquaintance into friendship!
Just as easily as he approaches financial matters, Muromsky treats matters of the heart: “... if Alexey is with me every day, then Betsy will have to fall in love with him. This is par for the course. Time will sort everything out." Grigory Ivanovich wants to get rid of his daughter as quickly as possible, because the heaviest burden is the burden of responsibility.
Pushkin himself, thanks to the narrator - Belkin, does not give a direct assessment of the life of an "educated European", only once with sober eyes - the eyes of Alexei - we see Muromsky simply as a "narcissistic Anglomaniac", and Berestov as a "prudent landowner".
So, the life positions of Berestov and Muromsky are built on the same platform - on pride. It was this, and not the “timidity of the short filly,” that became the reason for the cessation of the “ancient and deeply rooted” enmity. Was there any hostility? It could not be ancient, Muromsky did not live in Priluchin for so long, and the neighbors portrayed its depth, zealous in conveying the words of one landowner to another.
The author parodies the theme of the enmity of fathers, popular thanks to W. Shakespeare, which is why he uses so many words suddenly, unexpectedly, hatred, enemy and the promising “suddenly found himself within pistol shot distance.” But the enmity is inflated by the neighbors and bursts like a soap bubble at the very first meeting of the two landowners.
It should be noted that in “Dubrovsky” the conflict is already real, it is based on the independence of one neighbor and the lust for power of another neighbor.
Berestov and Muromsky are two typical representatives of the nobility of the early 19th century, their images will be continued in the heroes of I. S. Turgenev, L. N. Tolstoy, I. A. Goncharov and I. A. Bunin.
Alexey Berestov.
In the 19th century, the relative speed of the passage of time intensified even more, and long before I. S. Turgenev, A. S. Pushkin outlined the theme of the conflict between fathers and children. Ivan Petrovich Berestov, reading the Senate Gazette on his estate, has no idea what the life of a university student is filled with. The father is a monolithic figure, frozen in his habits. In Alexey we can distinguish and highlight several subpersonalities, each of which lives its own life, as it were, at the same time they form a single whole.
Alexey the Hussar. His father does not allow him to serve in the military, but Alexey grows a mustache just in case. “Alexey was really great. It would really be a pity if his slender figure was never pulled together by a military uniform and if, instead of showing off on a horse, he spent his youth bent over office papers.”
Alexey is a mysterious melancholic, brought new fashion from the capitals to the provinces. “He was the first to appear before them, gloomy and disappointed, the first to tell them about lost joys and about his faded youth; Moreover, he wore a black ring with the image of a death’s head.”
How similar:
Lensky was sincere in his songs. Alexey chose this role for himself only when it seemed necessary to him: “He decided that cold absent-mindedness was, in any case, the most decent thing.”
Alexey the master.“Amazingly good,” Nastya says about him, “handsome, one might say. Slender, tall, blush all over his cheek...” With peasant women and courtyard girls, he is “used to not standing on ceremony” and behaves not like a gentleman, but like a spoiled barchuk.
Alexey-son knows well the disposition of his father, who if he “gets into his head, then, in the words of Taras Skotinin, you can’t knock him out with a nail,” therefore, in a conversation with his father, he takes the pose of a respectful son and prefers to look obedient to his father’s will until he They don’t take you alive.
Alexey the Göttingener. In Germany, at the University of Göttingen, the flower of the Russian nobility was studying at that time. There they talked about philosophy, about freedom and enlightenment of the people, read progressive literature, and thought about duty and honor. Alexey, starting to teach Akulina to read and write, was surprised: “Yes, our learning proceeds faster than according to the Lancastrian system.” The Bell-Lancaster system of peer education, when older successful students (monitors), under the guidance of a teacher, taught classes to other students, became known in Russia since 1818.
This system was considered progressive, and it was used by the Decembrists to spread literacy among soldiers. Alexei's acquaintance with this system speaks of his connection with the advanced, educated nobility.
For the third lesson, Alexey brings Akulina “Natalia, the Boyar’s Daughter” by N. M. Karamzin. This is a historical idyll in a sentimental-romantic spirit - a story about two lovers, whose lives are inextricably linked with the fate of the state. The books of N. M. Karamzin were hardly kept in the library of old Berestov. Karamzin was an entire era of Russian literature, an idol of young poets. The idea of his work was “to elevate the rank of man in our fatherland” (“Once upon a time there was a good king”).
Alexey (the main character of “Natalia, the Boyar’s Daughter” is also Alexey) and Lisa read about the movements of the human heart. Lisa may have already been familiar with the book and thought a lot about it, because her comments “truly” amaze Alexey.
The subtext of the story is the connection between the relationship between Alexei and Akulina with the plot of “Poor Liza” by Karamzin, where the nobleman Erast seduces the pure-hearted peasant woman Liza. At some moments, Erast strives to go beyond the feudal morality of the society around him. Alexey finds satisfaction in the fact that his relationship with Akulina does not look like seduction, that he has never broken his word, that he is engaged in educating his beloved: “Akulina apparently got used to the best way of speaking, and her mind noticeably developed and formed.”
Alexey is still free to take on any of his roles. Not a single mask had yet grown on him, he “...was a kind and ardent fellow and had a pure heart, capable of feeling the pleasures of innocence.”
Alexey appears before us sincerely and amazed after his father’s words about marriage. The state of shock passes, and during several subsequent remarks, Alexey begins to choose a role, an option of behavior. He has not yet completely left the image of an obedient son and cannot motivate his refusal, but in his room, reflecting “on the limits of parental power,” he makes an attempt to understand his feelings and decides to explain himself to Muromsky and marry a peasant woman. And the feeling of satisfaction brings him not so much the idea as the very fact of making a decision. But the decision to marry a peasant woman is not subject to a life test, since the peasant woman turns out to be imaginary. The conflict with the father also loses its basis.
Why does Pushkin the psychologist give us a string of Alexei’s subpersonalities? Alexey is a hussar, a fashionable melancholic, a young gentleman, an obedient son, a kind fellow, an educated Göttingener. To this list we can also add the potentially present image of an official, a person in the civil service, about whom we know that he will not “jump headlong.”
Aleksey potentially contains the beginnings of all the paths that the Russian nobility will follow in the future. Pushkin leaves the ending of the story open: we do not know which road Alexey will take. We can safely say that “The Peasant Young Lady” is in fact a story filled with epoch-making life content. By placing this story at the end of the entire cycle of “Belkin’s Tales,” Pushkin seems to be asking a question to Russian society: where will we go? What will we be like? What kind of life will we make?
Few contemporaries understood the depth of the story, and the answer to Pushkin’s questions was the history of Russia.
Image Lisa Muromskaya
has always attracted researchers. Attention was paid to the number of masks being replaced: Lisa, Betsy, Akulina.
A masquerade is a place where everyone can show their essence without fear of being recognized. People participate in masquerade in order to have the opportunity to be themselves, if the circumstances of everyday life do not provide the opportunity to realize their human essence.
Throughout the story, Alexey does not change his appearance, but appears to us in different guises. Lisa, changing masks, does not betray the main idea - the idea of \u200b\u200btrusting and tender - female - love.
Lisa - noblewoman, but there is no aristocratic arrogance in her, as in Marya Kirilovna Troekurova. She talks with Nastya with pleasure, enters into the affairs and concerns of the village girls, knows how to speak the local dialect and does not consider it shameful for herself to wear a thick shirt and a blue Chinese sundress.
Lisa is an orphan. Her mother will not help her with advice. The father, having hired Miss Jackson, believes that he did everything for her upbringing. Miss Jackson, in turn, does not bother her with her instructions. Thus, her life, like a river, flows whimsically and freely, not driven into the granite banks of secular conventions. She is a local young lady, but she does not blindly follow the fashion of metropolitan magazines. The county news was too simple and vain; they could not occupy all of Lisa’s leisure time.
And Lisa read quite thoughtfully.
Among N. M. Karamzin’s stories, “Poor Liza” was the most popular. Pushkin's Liza knows this story quite well and completely agrees with the idea that “even peasant women know how to love.” Thinking about deceived love and the melodramatic death of poor Liza, Liza Muromskaya wants to establish justice, “to see the Tugilov landowner at the feet of the daughter of the Priluchinsky blacksmith.” It was important that a woman triumph over a man, it was important that unshakable class prejudices crumble to dust before love. “...The ways to please a man depend on fashion, on momentary opinion, but in women they are based on feelings and nature, which are eternal,” wrote A. S. Pushkin in “A Novel in Letters.”
Perhaps the issue of fidelity in love is especially painful for a man. As a girl in the capital, Lisa saw a lot that she was able to comprehend when left alone with herself in Priluchina.
For Lisa, Alexei’s loyalty to the peasant woman Akulina was very significant. She was smart, she saw life as real, without powder and languid passion, and she wanted a man for her husband who would love her and remain faithful to her.
The first change of clothes was caused by natural female curiosity. Dressing up is a favorite technique in the comedy tradition. But curiosity is also the main feature of a provincial girl. The second change of clothes was necessary to maintain the existing relationship. Thoughts about the morality of her meetings with Alexey worried her, but not for long: youth and love triumphed, Alexey and Akulina were quite happy that day.
Nowadays, at the beginning of the 21st century, the ability to be happy is very rare. The reason for this is increased anxiety, uncertainty about the future, resulting in a constant state of aggression. Aggression is incompatible with the state of happiness, that is, acceptance of the world as it is, awareness of oneself as a part of this world. Happiness is integrity, harmony with oneself and the world. Few people know this condition now. It was available to Lisa and Alexey.
In conversations with Alexei, Lisa honestly tries to play the role of a peasant woman. She speaks the local dialect, but uses expressions that were characteristic only of the speech of people of the noble class, sometimes she speaks as, in the opinion of N.M. Karamzin, a peasant woman should speak. “I don’t need an oath,” the imaginary Akulina repeats after poor Liza, Karamzin’s heroine. And just like Karamzin’s Liza, Akulina complains about her illiteracy.
Contemporaries of A. S. Pushkin, who knew well the then few works of Russian literature, perfectly heard the author’s hidden ironic polemic with sentimentalists regarding how the people should be portrayed.
N. M. Karamzin’s Liza says to Erast: “Oh, why can’t I read or write! You would notify me about everything that happens to you, and I would write to you about my tears!”
A. S. Pushkin’s Lisa is real and concrete: “However,” she said with a sigh, “even though the young lady may be funny, I’m still an illiterate fool in front of her.”
In the cycle of “Belkin’s Tales” A.S. Pushkin more than once addresses the issue of women’s right to an independent choice of life path. In the time of Pushkin, there was no opportunity for a woman to get an education; only men were accepted into universities, although women had already proven that they were not to occupy their minds. Princess E.R. Dashkova, Catherine II and even Pushkin’s heroine Liza amazes the Göttingener Alexei with the subtlety of her remarks!
Men dominated in literature and art. The appearance of a woman in public office was virtually impossible, and being an entrepreneur... This was unthinkable!
The young lady had only one path, approved by society: to get married and become a mother.
The wedding of Lisa and Alexei, decided in advance by their fathers, turned out to be desirable for the children - a rare coincidence.
In “The Peasant Young Lady”, in the subtle parody, in the fascinating masquerade, in the dynamics of the scenes, plots are hidden that could become the beginning of tragedies. If the enmity of the fathers had been ineradicable, the fathers would not have made peace, a story would have arisen based on the great tragedy of W. Shakespeare, similar in plot to “Dubrovsky”. If young people did not have strong feelings for each other and their fathers would marry them by force, then plots similar to “Anna Karenina” by L.N. Tolstoy would arise. If Alexey turned out to be a seducer like Erast, and Akulina really was a peasant woman, then collisions similar to L. N. Tolstoy’s “Resurrection” would arise.
A. S. Pushkin masterfully completes the story, but the happy ending does not remove the question posed by N. M. Karamzin. From now on—and forever—Russian writers write about the Russian woman, whose soul is based on love.
Another Pushkin Liza (“Novel in Letters”) writes to her friend about a mutual friend: “Let him embroider new patterns on the old canvas and present to us in a small frame a picture of the world and the people he knows so well.” Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in “The Young Peasant Lady” embroidered new patterns on the old canvas and in a small frame presented a picture of the great world and the people whom he knew and loved so well.
