Coats of arms of titled families of the Russian Empire. Noble families of Russia (2010). Our new book "The Energy of Surnames"

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Ten years ago, the descendants of Russian nobles gathered for their first congress. They then decided to comply with the laws of the Russian Empire. Their ancestors were quite successful people. Descendants learned that the legend of high origin can bring income. The correspondent of "Money" found out how and what modern nobles live with.

Blood analysis
When it became difficult for several descendants of Russian nobles to hide their noble roots and they decided to unite into the class non-profit society "Russian Noble Assembly" (RDS), it turned out that there are not as many nobles in Russia as it seems. At first, it was possible to collect only 16 well-born descendants, but every 3 years the leadership of the RDS conducted a census of the nobility, which increased the nobility by 500 people. Today the RDS has more than 12 thousand members, including women and children. The nobles are distributed among 70 regional representations, but there are few provincial nobles. Mostly nobles live in capitals.
It is easier to become a member of the noble assembly today than it was ten years ago. Then the charter stated that the society opposed communism, and potential members were asked whether they had collaborated with the Reds. Then it turned out that every second nobleman in the Soviet era was a member of the party, and everyone who proved the purity of their blood had to be accepted into society. Officer Sergei Obolensky, for example, created the Red Army and served in it until 1924. In 1933 he was arrested and imprisoned Butyrka prison. But his children remained, and his grandson is now the leader of the Russian nobility. Unlike his glorious ancestor, Prince Obolensky Jr. did not create armies, but headed the department of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Material Handling and Transport Engineering.

Trees for sale
Immediately after its formation, the Russian Assembly of Nobility tried to establish a business selling pedigrees. That is, to make the search and publication of data about ancestors self-sustaining. Consultations for applicants were free, but drawing up a pedigree was paid at a tariff. A primitive search for information in the military historical archive cost no more than $70. The certificate indicated the grandfather’s service record, his property and marital status (for example, “single”). For a descendant of such a grandfather to be recognized as a nobleman, a certificate was sufficient. If it turned out that the micro-pedigree, including three generations, was not enough for the descendant, the noble society helped in organizing the investigation. In this case, the fee increased and a branched tree with a family history cost the descendant from $100 to $500. Potential members of the RDS willingly paid for family history: many archives over time Soviet power were destroyed, and the owners of registered documents, out of caution, burned evidence high birth. The Heraldry Department of the RDS loved such investigations, calling them detective. But sometimes they still offered applicants to delve into the archives themselves. Here they believe that there is nothing more exciting for an engineer than to learn that your distant ancestor owned an estate of thousands of acres and hundreds of peasant souls.
Some nobles still received the pedigree for free. Sergei Mikhalkov, for example, and his entire family were presented with a personalized pedigree for their next anniversary, which tells that the ancestors of “Uncle Styopa” were noblemen.

Fake nobility
Schoolgirl Olga Koroleva-Pereleshina, in a literature lesson, when they were studying the poem "Borodino", said among other things that her great-grandfather took part in the battle and was wounded. The noble schoolgirl Olya speaks about this completely calmly, without fear of exposure. Her father is the vice-leader of the RDS, and the pedigree of their family has been studied thoroughly. However, "detective" genealogy investigations do not always have happy end. So, a certain Mr. Kulik turned to the RDS and wanted proof that his family originated from Count Ignatiev, former general tsarist army, who advised Leon Trotsky on the creation of the Red Army and glorified himself with the book “Forty Years in Service.” The applicant simply explained the fact that Kulik’s surname is not very similar to Ignatiev’s surname: he changed it during emigration. The potential “descendant” allocated $500 to search for his ancestors, of which the kings of arms spent a fifth and found out that Kulik was not Ignatiev, and that belonging to an ancient family was just a family legend.
The leader of the Moscow nobles, Sergei Sapozhnikov, who was a refrigeration engineer under Soviet rule, also has a suspicious surname.
“I had a dream when I worked at the Institute of Carriage Making,” admits the nobleman Sapozhnikov. “I wanted to deliver products from Lisbon to Hong Kong without overloads.” After perestroika, I even organized the Interreftrans joint-stock company. As for my surname, in essence it is, of course, a craft name, but with it everything is much more complicated.
According to Mr. Sapozhnikov, during the time of Ivan the Terrible, born nobles had slaves with them, who faithfully served the owner, or even the Fatherland, going into the militia to fight the Tatars instead of the master. For this, the slave was sometimes given nobility. Nesterko Sapozhnikov, about whom the family legend of Mr. Sapozhnikov tells, was a service man from the entourage of Vasily Shuisky. Probably worked as a carpenter. But the great-grandfather of the current leader rose to the rank of state councilor (which corresponded to the military rank of colonel and gave hereditary nobility), and then married the daughter of Major General of the Admiralty Kazi, from the hereditary nobles of the Tauride province. Just the other day, Mr. Sapozhnikov found a relative on the female side, a descendant of Kazi, a diplomat and a resident of the city of Tokyo. Sergei Sapozhnikov had never met his Japanese relative, but over the phone he determined that the younger Kazi’s voice was native. However, nobles are considered nobles only if the necessary documents are collected for the father, the bearer of the surname. Nobles on their father's side become full members of the noble assembly. A female noblewoman can only guarantee associate membership to a descendant.
Mr. Sapozhnikov, in his position at the RDS, is involved in blood documentation. He heads the heraldic department of the noble assembly, which determines the nobility of the future member: whether he should be a titled or an ordinary nobleman as part of the RDS. Mr. Sapozhnikov, however, is constantly getting in the way of his competitors. By paying $1,000 to a private archivist or holder of a false title, the pseudo-descendant brings to the RDS an ornate family history in which a midshipman miraculously turns into an admiral.
It is difficult to find errors in a falsified pedigree: you cannot always distinguish a nobleman by the sound of his surname, because in the Russian language there was no noble predicate “von” or “de”, like Western blood brothers. But Mr. Sapozhnikov already has his own methodology. For example, he is convinced that a descendant of the Golitsyns must know in which line he has princely roots. And if he doesn’t know, it means that he is not Golitsyn, but an impostor. Again, if your last name is Khovansky, you are not necessarily a descendant of an ancient family. Your ancestor may be peasant son. When such peasants were asked whose they were, the peasants answered: “We are Khovansky, father.”
Mr. Sapozhnikov considers the most aggressive falsifiers to be Dzhuna Davitashvili (who likes to appear in public in a military uniform), Count Lezhepekov, who, according to members of the RDS, confuses the noble ranks: he calls himself the Chancellor of the Russian Empire and the General-in-Chief of the Life Guards (a beautiful military rank " general-in-chief" means that its bearer cannot in any way be the chancellor, since the chancellor is not only a position, but also a rank in the imperial Table of Ranks, and higher than the rank of general-in-chief) - and Mr. Brumel, about whose madness, always embarrassed, says his brother, a famous Soviet athlete and Olympic champion.

Selling restitution
Latvian citizen Irina Korchagina received private ownership of a house that belonged to her noble family before the revolution. The nobles tell this story almost like a legend. By joining a noble assembly, a descendant of a noble family understands that the state most likely will not part with the estate that belonged to his ancestor; in extreme cases, he can let him live in it.
The building, which once belonged to his family, was transferred to Prince Golitsyn on a long-term lease and not as an heir, but as the leader of the RDS, which, in fact, rented this house. The nobles were given the only condition: to repair the building and put it into commercial use. The RDS began to make plans: in the former Golitsyn estate, it would not be a sin to set up an art gallery, hold musical evenings and create an “acclimatization center” for nobles returning from emigration - something like a quarantine at the entrance to Russia, which they had lost.
Nothing succeeded. According to the current leaders of the noble assembly, Prince Golitsyn subleased the premises to the Young Russia organization. Young Russians introduced themselves as disabled people of technological progress, who, thanks to the benefits provided to them, could help Golitsyn in restoring the building. But they didn’t help, and, having settled in the building, they left it only with the help of the police. The experience of cooperation, according to the noble leaders, did not teach leader Golitsyn anything, and he continued to rent out space to third parties who were seduced by the preferential rental rate. There was even a Yugoslav restaurant on the estate. It flowed through the roof directly onto lovers of Yugoslav cuisine, until the Ministry of Justice became interested in the fate of the mansion, which brought the noble case to court and deprived the nobles of their inherited building.
“Our grandchildren could gather in it,” Mr. Sapozhnikov complains about fate. “Only we came across a naked prince, not worthy of the title of nobility.”
The “Naked Prince” nevertheless became considerably richer. Until now, no one knows how the sponsorship money collected for the balls was spent (after helping the nobles, sponsors, as a rule, suddenly discovered noble roots). It is unclear where 3 million German marks went, which, according to documents preserved in the noble collection, were allocated by Mr. Lahnstein through the Lovchinvest company for the renovation of the mansion. It is only known that on the basis of the noble assembly, JSC "Noble House" was created with an authorized capital of 20 million rubles.
Now the ancestral building belongs to the State Museum fine arts named after Pushkin. Only the museum cannot use the building: Prince Golitsyn, who was removed from the post of leader, left a debt of $13 thousand in utility bills.

Several hundred Russian noble families may indicate their origin from the South Baltic Pomerania.

As is known, several hundred Russian noble families have legends about their founding ancestors, “who came from Nemets” or “from Prus.” These indications are equivalent and may indicate origin from the South Baltic Pomerania. This was the name given to Russian families forced to leave their native lands as a result of the gradual German offensive on the Baltic states.

Apparently, resettlement from the southern and southeastern shores of the Baltic Sea to Novgorod and Pskov took place over several centuries, starting from the time of Rurik. It began to end only at the moment when the crusaders completely captured Pomerania and Prussia. Those who came from there received the nickname “from the German,” indicating eviction from lands captured by the “Germans,” or “from Prus,” after the name of the region, which remained even after the German conquest.

An attempt to imagine that the genealogical postscript “from Nemets” is a later invention cannot be considered successful. For example, the compiler of the two-volume “History of the Russian Nobility” P.N. Petrov pointed out that in the 13th century there was no independent state of Prussia, therefore, it is unclear where “Prussian subjects or the Prussian people” could have come from in Russia. In his opinion, subsequently, during the time of Ivan the Terrible, the postscript “from Prus” was allegedly replaced by a more appropriate postscript “from Nemets”, supposedly indicating German prisoners captured during the Livonian War. But the author himself writes that “we can count less than a dozen such captive immigrants, and there are hundreds of families “who left the Germans”” (History of the families of the Russian nobility / Edited by P.N. Petrov. Vol. 1. - St. Petersburg, 1886. - P. 13).

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Thus, not only Rurik and the Rurikovichs, but also many other Russian clans came “from the Germans,” that is, from the southern Baltic coast - from Mecklenburg and Pomerania. But even more Russian surnames correspond to Mecklenburg place names (with direct analogies in Russian place names):

Barkovs (Mekl. Barkow, Borkow)

Bibov/Bibikova (mekl. Bibow)

Brusovs/Bryusovs (mekl. Brusow)

Burovs (mekl. Burow)

Welzin (Mekl. Welzin)

Witzin (mekl. Witzin)

Volkovs (mekl. Wolkow)

Glazov (mekl. Glasow)

Dashovs/Dashkovs (mekl. Daschow)

Demins (mekl. Demmin)

Zurov (mekl. Zurow)

Silts (mekl. Ilow)

Karlovy (mekl. Carlow)

Karpov (mekl. Karpow)

Carpins (mekl. Carpin, Karpin)

Storerooms (mekl. Kladow)

Kobrov (mekl. Kobrow)

Koltsov (mekl. Kolzow)

Krasov (mekl. Krassow)

Krekhovs (mekl. Kreckow)

Kryukovs (mekl. Krukow, Kruckow)

Lubkovs (mekl. Lubkow)

Lukovy (mekl. Lukow, Luckow)

Lütow (mekl. Lütow)

Maltsov/Maltsev (mekl. Malzow)

Maslovy (mekl. Masslow, Maßlow)

Milovs/Miltsovs (mekl. Milow, Miltzow)

Mirowy (mekl. Mirow)

Muchow (mekl. Muchow)

Neverin/Neverovy (mekl. Neverin, Neverow)

Perov (mekl. Perow)

Plush (mekl. Pluschow)

Pustow (mekl. Pustow)

Puchov (mekl. Puchow)

Rakovy (mekl. Rakow)

Rubkow (mekl. Rubkow)

Rudov (mekl. Rudow)

Rogovy (mekl. Roggow)

Salowy (Mekl. Salow)

Samkovy (mekl. Samkow)

Starkovs (mekl. Starkow)

Stasov (mekl. Stassow)

Tetherin (mekl. Teterin)

Tutov (mekl. Tutow)

Fedorov (mekl. Federow)

Clowns (mekl. Schutow)

What else could serve as more convincing evidence of Rus'’s strong ties with the southern Baltic coast? Naturally, along with numerous archaeological, anthropological and written data. And of course, in accordance with historical logic and in the virtual absence of serious counterarguments. All this clearly points to the starting point of the Varangian migration: the southern Baltic (Mecklenburg-Pomerania).

After this, you can forever forget the political myths about the “Scandinavian origin of King Rurik,” which have no scientific basis. However, particularly stubborn “Normanists” will most likely continue their song. They have long ignored scientific arguments. Unless they are confused among themselves about whether the “Scandinavian expansion” was massive or whether only the “elite” ended up in Rus' in the form of a squad on several longships. But, as we see, there was neither one nor the other. In reality, completely different people moved from the other side of the Baltic Sea.

Of course, this does not exclude contacts between Rus' and culturally and ethnically close Scandinavia. At all times, peoples have been connected by trade. The chronicles also contain reports about the acceptance of individual Vikings into Russian service and about their participation in socio-political life ancient Rus'. There is nothing surprising here. But, of course, this does not in any way indicate the origin of Rus' from Scandinavia. Let the romantics talk about it, who are too strongly impressed by the colorful Scandinavian mythology or from films about Vikings.

The chronicler confidently distinguishes those Varangians from whom the “Russian Land” was nicknamed both from the Scandinavians and from other tribes, including Slavic tribes. The rest of the historical sources do the same. They themselves spoke about themselves - “we are from the Russian family,” perfectly aware of themselves as their own people.

http://rodrus.com/news/news_1283321667.html

(Archaeologist-linguist A. M. Miklyaev analyzed up to a hundred toponyms in the Ilmen region, including the consonance “-gost-; -gosh-”, and allowed their widespread appearance since the 8th century. Archaeological searches in the early layers of Novgorod and Ladoga also point to the spread of Western Slavic type dishes from the 9th-10th centuries, characteristic for the Baltic coast, which may indicate both developed trade relations and migration of part of the West Slavic tribes to the Ilmen region.)

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