But in this note we will not talk about me, but about the era of the school 80s. Surprisingly, since then I still have ABC And Primer.
Primer- mine (albeit without the front cover), and ABC- brother (the book is very well preserved).
I am very glad that I have preserved these copies; I am pleased to show them to today’s children and compare them with books of the present time. Well, in this report, I will show them to all of you and I think that it will be especially pleasant for those who studied in the 80s to look at them..., because not everyone has such books left.
1. Let's get acquainted, " Primer" edition of 1982, with which I went to first grade, and " ABC"edition of 1987, my brother attended 1st grade with her.
2. Let's look at it right away reverse side books, surprisingly, but if the Primer cost 45 kopecks, then the ABC only 30 kopecks. It turns out that there was not inflation, but noticeable deflation! Or is this saving on design, as a result of “perestroika”? :-)
3. Open the book, here it is, ABC... are all the letters familiar? 😁
5. His image in school books was unobtrusive and pleasant, a real comrade.
6. Let's look through these books, as we studied then. First my Primer...
7. Stresses, syllables, road signs and instructions.
8. Working professions, and of course we don’t forget what a beautiful country we live in.
9. At the end of the Primer - Leonid Ilyich.
10. Now ABC: the books are similar in content, but slightly different in design.
11. We look at the pictures and remember our childhood...
12. With “X”, of course, bread!
13. And of course about the dream..., as a teenager, I thought that humanity would very soon fly to other planets! This is where a worthy goal for Earthlings is ;-)
14. This was not the case in my ABC book; in my brother’s ABC book, they taught the anthem at the end!
Which country was destroyed... The current EU is a laughing stock.
The primer said goodbye with this poem:
Memorize these letters.
There are more than three dozen of them,
And for you they are the keys
To all good books.
Don't forget to take it on the road
A bunch of magic keys.
You will find a way into any story,
You will enter any fairy tale.
Will you read books about animals?
Plants and machines.
You will visit the seas
And on gray peaks.
You will find an example of courage
In your favorite book.
You will see the entire USSR,
All the land from this tower.
Wonderful lands for you
Will open the path from “A” to “Z”!
It's a pity that in modern world, a number of Russian words are replaced by slang and Anglicisms. And it’s good that some people continue to read not only chats on the Internet.
I was sorting through old books and came across my old school primer from 1984. I skimmed through it and, to be honest, I was stunned. This children's book, from which children should learn to read with joy and pleasure, turned out to be so densely saturated with communist propaganda that it is even surprising how we, born in the USSR, managed to avoid final and irrevocable zombification.
The trash starts from the very first page. I quote: “Today you begin your journey to a wonderful, extraordinary country - the Land of knowledge. You will learn to read and write, for the first time you will write the words that are dearest and closest to all of us: mother, Motherland, Lenin.”
Further more. Lenin, the party, the Great October Revolution, the USSR - the best country in the world, veterans, the Second World War, and - a rather persistent push for the idea of becoming an astronaut. It seems that the USSR was planning a large-scale space expansion.
So don’t be surprised by the amount of cotton wool in the brains of your compatriots. Rather, one should be surprised that even with such grandiose and systematic efforts of state propaganda, normal people remained.
One user wrote:
- Was the alphabet really printed abroad? I always thought that in the USSR everything was fine with the printing industry... Well done, the Germans - they succeeded everywhere. They tried for themselves and they helped us
I also racked my brains - why are the letters in the alphabet and primer different in order?)) 
lybimye_knigi
It still remains a mystery to me where this alphabet was used - in school or kindergarten? I remember mine blue primer, they gave it to us right away in first grade, I even have a photo of me with him at my desk. I also remember the alphabet, but when did we learn it? Both books teach reading in the same way, why was it necessary to duplicate?
elenka_knigolub
I think that this ABC was intended for children to study with their parents or in kindergarten.
I looked at the Primer now - it is more complicated: it already contains vowels/consonants, hard/soft sounds, writing, charades, puzzles, and in general it was approved by the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR, unlike the ABC.
And this ABC, by the way, contains, in addition to the letter section, also materials for teaching counting, as well as dedicated to children's creativity.
For those who want to “look through” the ABC online -
Primer, 1987
Almost all Soviet children learned from this primer.
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Primer 1970.
First-graders of the 70s were less fortunate - the cover of the 1970 Primer was simpler and more concise. I studied on it in first grade in 1984.
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8. Printed in the GDR. But why? And "Who is this? What is this?" in two volumes they were also once published in the GDR. 
When I was a child, my husband and I had a two-part textbook that taught us Russian.
Designed for preparatory and first grades of national schools, as well as for foreigners starting to learn Russian.
Russian language in pictures.
Barannikov I.V., Varkovitskaya L.A. Old edition of the textbook. 1971
I had one like this. The second part was not found.
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4.The pages of the textbook reflect Soviet life in the 60s. 
5. Please note - the stove is wood-burning. 
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My husband and I had these publications. We loved leafing through them as children - looking at the pictures and trying to read the words.
1982 First part
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13. For me this garden was like a living creature) 
14. The perfect family lunch. Again, grandma fries, mom cooks soup. 
Second part.
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9. Gas stove. Soviet life of the late 70s and early 80s. 
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12. Soviet supermarket, and previously it was a department store selling a full range of food and drinks. Supermarket. 
13. And the small cake turned out to be a sign - this is “Fairy Tale”! 
14. And to this day we remember this when we communicate on the Internet - on forums, in chats: some go to bed, while others are still at work. 
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I've always liked illustrations in this style. Emotional. Animals are like people. Such pictures are in all textbooks and in manuals for extracurricular activities. For a long time I couldn't find the artist's name. By process of elimination, I assumed that it was E.V. Viktorov. I couldn't find anything about him on the Internet. Maybe some of the readers know about him?
E.V. Viktorov also created covers for math notebooks.
This is probably one of the artist's first works. Textbook "Native speech. 1st grade" 1975.
What were the first Soviet alphabets?
On December 26, 1919, a decree was issued to eliminate illiteracy among the population of the RSFSR. Among the points of the decree was the following:
8. Those who evade the duties established by this decree and prevent illiterate people from attending schools will be held criminally liable.
This means that all those who could read and write were obliged to teach the illiterate, and those who could go to school. Apparently, some families did not allow girls and women to go to school - they say, this is not a woman’s business.
However...
5. For students of literacy who are employed, with the exception of those employed in militarized enterprises, the working day is reduced by two hours for the entire duration of training while maintaining wages.
Full text of the decree -
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6. Only when Soviet power women could learn to read and write - after all, it was believed that a “woman” was not capable of learning.
Primer for adults "Down with illiteracy" (1920), beginning with the slogan “We are not slaves. We are not slaves,”
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There were others - "Workers' and Peasants' Primer", the communist primer "The Competent Red Army Soldier" and "Anti-Religious ABC" (1933).
ABC of the Revolution, 1921
The series of posters “The ABC of Revolution”, made by Ukrainian artist Adolf Strakhov, was first published in 1921. main topic This set shows the life of the young Soviet republic in the first post-revolutionary years. "The ABC of the Revolution", despite the not entirely perfect literary form of its subtext poems, was a significant phenomenon in the propaganda art of the 1920s and was subsequently - in 1969 - republished by the Kyiv publishing house "Mistetstvo".
Continuation of the alphabet -
Anti-religious alphabet. Hardly for first graders.
UTILIBURO IZOGIZA.
Moscow 1933 Leningrad.
Artist Mikhail Mikhailovich Cheremnykh.
- Nowadays in Russia they are not able to create any sensible social advertising. No creativity, execution - so-so. And here is a whole alphabet with decent and expressive (I speak as an expert) illustrations!
- “Nowadays in Russia they are not able to create any kind of sensible social advertising” - nowadays everyone has become much “wiser” and almost throws away their rights. That's why you won't see good social advertising.
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Well, who would have thought that we would live to see a time when such a picture would become relevant again.
5.Why did Gandhi not please the Soviet Bolsheviks?
- Well, apparently, during his political maneuvers, various criticisms arose against him.
- These are communists, they always saw only enemies abroad, so they incited the people against India, as well as against other countries...
- Read the story. The USSR always tried to maintain friendly relations with India, as a revolutionary country that rebelled against the yoke of the British colonial forces.
- They shouldn’t talk so much about Gandhi.
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- As far as I remember, Ford supported the Nazis during the Third Reich, so he was assigned to this alphabet
- They dragged it here only because the so-called Ford conveyor belt, in the understanding of the communists, is the most pronounced form of exploitation, where the personality of a person in the production of any object does not matter in the slightest.
Continuation of the primer in
There was the "Soviet Erotic Alphabet", created in 1931 by the future People's Artist of the USSR Sergei Dmitrievich Merkurov (1881-1952). It is interesting that the author of this alphabet was a sculptor-monumentalist, the author of numerous monuments to Joseph Stalin (including the three largest in the USSR) and Lenin, as well as tombstones near the Kremlin wall - F.E. Dzerzhinsky, A.A. Zhdanov, M.I. Kalinin, Ya.M. Sverdlov, M.V. Frunze.
ABC of Vladmir Konashevich- this time for children. Without revolutionary slogans.
As the artist’s daughter recalled, “ABC” was born from letters that Konashevich wrote to his wife: “Dad wrote letters to mom, and sent me pictures. For every letter of the alphabet. I was already four years old, and, obviously, he believed that it was time to know the letters. Later, these pictures were published under the title “The ABC in the drawings of Vl. Konashevich."
Publisher: TV-vo R. Golike and A. Vilborg
Place of publication: Petrograd
Year of publication: 1918
Interestingly, there is no hard sign at the end of words in the alphabet, but the letters Fita and Izhitsa have been preserved.
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5. Two spelling options - old and new. 
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Completely alphabet -
Primer 1937
The time is such that we must praise our leaders and dear comrades almost on our knees...
I.S. Belyaev. Primer. 1943.
State Publishing House K-FSSR.
A prominent figure in public education in Karelia. In teaching work from 1930 to 1940. from 1940 - Deputy People's Commissar, and from 1944. to 1951 - People's Commissar - Minister of Public Education of the K-FSSR. In 1944-1949. did a lot to restore the school network in Karelia. Honored Teacher of Karelia, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, author of more than 20 textbooks. He prepared several textbooks during the war years.
After the war.
"ABC", 1970.
Publishing house "Enlightenment", tenth edition. Authors: Voskresenskaya A.I., Redozubov S.P., Yankovskaya A.V.
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8.Mom works at home - by whom? 
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And this is an ABC book for children with limited hearing. Children with degrees 2-4 hearing loss and complete hearing loss were called deaf-mute. At that time there was no special equipment (headphones and microphones) and powerful hearing aids that would help children with degrees 2-4. There were no modern methods of teaching children to speak. Therefore, they were taught to write correctly, read lips - if they can’t say it, then let them write it on a piece of paper. And reading books is a source of knowledge. There were dactylic alphabet and sign language at that time, but there weren’t very many sign language interpreters, mostly hearing children of deaf parents who had lost their hearing after illness (acquired non-hereditary deafness)
Zykov S.A. Primer for deaf schools
Publisher: State. educational and pedagogical publishing house of the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR Year: 1952
This primer is built using the sound (analytical-synthetic) method. Training on it is designed for one and a half years. In order to maintain the interest of students, the primer contains exercises and games, and the texts are accompanied by illustrations. To develop a sense of rhythm, short poems are included in the primer. When reading from the ABC book, children become familiar with such grammar concepts as singular and plural noun, present and past tense of verb, masculine and feminine verb, formation of words by adding a prefix, etc.
Teaching writing is carried out simultaneously with teaching reading, so the primer also contains exercises for writing.
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5. Life of Soviet citizens in the 50s. There is a TV, but there is no chandelier in sight.
6. Articulation of the lips with the sound "a".
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10. Reminds me of teaching method foreign language. This is understandable for deaf children native language just like a foreigner. Learn words that denote objects, actions, etc. The highlighted syllables indicate stress where you need to raise your voice.
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Donskaya N.Yu., Linikova N.I. Primer for schools of the hearing impaired.
Second edition. M.: Enlightenment, 1986. It was from it (first edition) that I studied in first grade, right after the primer in the blue cover.
Cover artist E.V. Viktorov.
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4. There are few students in the class - not only because there are many fewer hearing impaired people than hearing people. But for a teacher, ten students are the same as 30 hearing students. Their speech needs to be monitored and their pronunciation corrected, and this takes a lot of time.
The hardware for controlling headphones and microphones appears to be built into the desk. Just added. Today I spoke at work with a deaf man who has the child is walking to a school for children with hearing loss. He said that in such schools there has been no equipment for a long time; now everyone wears hearing aids of varying power.
5. This is the same equipment on the teacher’s desk, but it’s hard to see. The teacher does not sing into the microphone, she speaks. Desk for two students. The students have headphones, but they don’t stand out. Apparently, the walker did not emphasize them for aesthetic reasons. Usually these are black rubber headphones on a black flexible hoop.
8. Emphasis on each word. Funny and cautionary tale. The artist is still the same E.V. Viktorov.
Well, that's it, I end the post here.)
And what kind of primers are now for modern schoolchildren? ABCs?
Born and raised in the USSR, what do you think: how much of what you think their beliefs and values, indeed yours, and what was simply driven into your head in childhood and became a part of you against your will? What do you really value and what have you just been trained to love? Why were you proud of some things and ashamed of others? How did you determine what was good and what was bad?
Don't rush to answer. Let's look through the 1984 primer together, which I (and you, probably) were once taught.
The primer is the book that children opened first, without doubt or criticism, absorbing everything that was written in it or read between the lines. Each of his words formed the foundation of their future worldview as the ultimate truth. It takes years, a flexible and inquisitive mind, the habit of healthy reflection and a supportive environment to rethink and revise beliefs formed in early childhood. Many people never manage to get rid of the clichés imposed in childhood, and they don’t even consider it necessary.
What lesson did the primer begin with? What was written on its first page?
Mother, Motherland, Lenin. These are the words that should have become the closest and dearest to us. Have you forgotten anyone? Where's dad? What, didn’t even make it into the top three? But Lenin was not forgotten - here they are, clearly set priorities.
I wonder what they will write in the primers after 2017, when Putin and, perhaps, his powers will be significantly expanded? Mom, Crimean, Putin? Or will mom be thrown out as unnecessary, replaced with something more useful - “Orthodoxy,” for example?
Lenin’s malicious face spans the entire page (there are no other such large pictures in the book at all)—the first thing the child saw after the word “primer.” Later, the child was informed that Lenin “ardently wanted” the children to grow up to be staunch communists. Competent and hardworking citizens. Intelligent and unpretentious cogs, in a word. So that even sanctions, even stones from the sky - it doesn’t matter. After this, is it any wonder that Lenin’s mummy still lies on Red Square, and the population patiently endures any government experiments on the long-suffering domestic economy?
Homeland is the second most important words in the primer this is the USSR - united, powerful, great, beautiful and generally the best. A coat of arms, a flag, an image on a map - all to show how important this thing is - the state. It is not for nothing that for many, the collapse of the USSR is a personal tragedy, the actual loss of the Motherland. Now nostalgia for the USSR is successfully fueling aggression against Russia’s closest neighbors under the guise of unifying the “Russian world.” So what if people die? This is for the Motherland!
And here there is a funny exercise: “the pilot is sawing; carpenter - swims; captain - flies." You need to arrange the words correctly so that they correspond to each other. I don’t remember what I thought about when I saw this exercise many years ago, but now for some reason it immediately occurred to me that Shuvalov was flying with us (on his Bombardier), Usmanov was sailing on the world’s largest yacht, and they were sawing. .everyone is sawing who can get to the budget money. Alas, such is the time.
The fate of the Soviet schoolchild was predetermined from birth: child of October - pioneer - Komsomol member - communist. It is no coincidence that everything began in October, or more precisely, with the Great October Revolution. The date of the banal coup became a reference point, a sacred event, and even a kind of “thing in itself.” Is it possible to say: “glory to September” or “glory to the New Year”? Sounds stupid. But “glory to October”, it turns out, is possible.
And here, in general, the entire spread is dedicated to the symbols of communist ideology: Leningrad, Aurora, pioneers and a demonstration that demonstrates nothing but the controllability of the herd that voluntarily and forcibly entered it.
One gets the feeling that the USSR was purposefully preparing for large-scale space expansion - otherwise why invest in children the desire to become astronauts? We still need to look for a more exotic profession: for 300 million inhabitants of the USSR there are less than 120 cosmonauts, including 33 who have already died. Less than one astronaut for 2 million people—was it worth running such a long-term advertising campaign for?
Moreover, the topic of cosmonautics is raised more than once, despite the fact that by 1984 leadership in space had long been lost, and the Soviet space program was special towards its participants. with his dream of colonizing Mars, it’s worth taking note of the idea - it will be useful for educating future Martians.
Militarism, of course, was not spared either. Those volunteers who are now fighting in the DPR/LPR were also brought up in the spirit of respect for the glorious Soviet soldiers.
Children learned to honor veterans and took for granted the idea that for peace you can (and should) fight, no matter how absurd and hypocritical it may sound.
After looking through the primer, I realized where a whole bunch of other, harmless cliches came from in my head: a dog is a man’s friend; Pushkin is a great Russian writer (why, by the way, not a poet?); Tolstoy is a brilliant Russian writer; Mayakovsky is great Soviet poet; Marshak, Mikhalkov, Barto are wonderful Soviet writers.
Everything in the primer has ready-made labels. Instead of simply signing this or that work and giving the children the opportunity to form their own opinion about it, they are persistently informed that these particular authors are great and brilliant. The ability to evaluate and think critically has always been a superfluous skill for those who were destined to stand in line and obey the wise instructions of the party and government.
As a result, if you look at Russians aged 30 to 50, it turns out that most of them have their heads filled with attitudes and clichés, the price of which is not even a penny, but 45 kopecks - that’s how much a Soviet primer, stuffed to capacity with communist ideology, cost.
Of course, although he was the first, he was not the only link in the chain. After him, other books, films, newspapers, television shows, plays, public events and God knows what else came into play. All this had one goal - to educate a man of the future, a builder of communism.
I don’t know who first came up with the idea that it is permissible to manipulate children, gradually pushing the “correct” ideas and values into their heads, but we see the result of this now in all its glory: an infantile population with thickly powdered brains, trying in vain to find the points contact between objective reality and the program laid down in childhood, nostalgic for a great and beautiful country that in fact never existed.
