Atilla name meaning. Attila - biography, facts from life, photographs, background information. The meaning of the letters in the name Attila

Atilla

Atilla (died 452) - tribal leader Huns(since 434). He killed his brother-co-ruler (445) and became the head of the Hun union of tribes. Attila's vast empire stretched from southern Germany to the Volga and Urals and from the Baltic Sea to the Caucasus. After the battle on Catalaunian fields(451) in 452 he launched a new raid and destroyed a number of cities in Italy. Pope Leo I, on behalf of the emperor, bought peace from Attila for a large sum of money. According to one version, Attila died the night after his marriage to the Burgundian native Ildiko, either at her hands or from a heart attack. According to legend, the coffin is buried in the riverbed of the Tisza (the water was diverted from the river and then returned to the old riverbed).

Attila is a famous conqueror, leader of the Hunnic union of tribes in Pannonia in 434-453, “the scourge of God,” as Roman chroniclers called him. Date of birth unknown, died in 453. Attila was the main opponent Eastern Roman Empire in 441-449, he captured and plundered almost all the cities in Thrace, with the exception of Adrianople and Iraklia, and threatened Constantinople. As a result, the Huns obtained from Emperor Theodosius II the payment of a huge annual tribute. In 451, Attila devastated Germany and Gaul, but was defeated on the Catalaunian fields near the city of Troyes in Gaul by the Roman commander Aetius and the Visigoths. In 452 he invaded northern Italy, but soon returned to Pannonia, where he died in 453 during his wedding to a Burgundian princess.

Byzantine dictionary: in 2 volumes / [comp. General Ed. K.A. Filatov]. SPb.: Amphora. TID Amphora: RKhGA: Oleg Abyshko Publishing House, 2011, vol. 1, p. 136-137.

Attila (c. 434 - 453) - a powerful Greek king who united under his rule the nomadic people of the Huns, Ostrogoths, Alans and others. He captured and plundered the Roman provinces in the Balkans. In 451, during a campaign against Gaul, he was defeated and abandoned the siege of Rome due to the outbreak of an epidemic in the army. He died in his camp the night after his wedding with Ildena (presumably of German origin). After his death, his state collapsed. In the "Song of the Nibelungs" he is depicted under the name of King Etzel.

Greidina N.L., Melnichuk A.A. Antiquity from A to Z. Dictionary-reference book. M., 2007.

Raphael and students. Meeting of Leo I with Attila. Fragment of a fresco.

Attila (d. 453) - leader of the Huns 434-453 (until 445 jointly with his brother Bleda, then, having killed his brother, alone). Under Attila, whose residence was located on the territory of modern Hungary, the Hunnish tribal union extended its power to the East - to the Caucasus, in the West - to the Rhine, in the North - to the Danish islands, to the South - including the right bank of the Danube. In 447, having devastated Thrace and Illyria (70 cities and fortresses were destroyed), the Huns reached Thermopylae and the outskirts of Constantinople; The tribute that the Eastern Roman Empire paid to the Huns was significantly increased. In 451, Attila invaded Gaul, and then was defeated on the Catalaunian fields by the troops of the Western Roman Empire (commander Aetius) and its allies (Visigoths, Burgundians, etc.). In 452, Attila devastated Northern Italy (destroyed Aquileia, took Padua, Milan and other cities; Rome paid off). Upon returning to Pannonia, Attila soon died.

Soviet historical encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1973-1982. Volume 1. AALTONEN – AYANY. 1961.

Attila (Etzel, nicknamed "The Scourge of God") - king of the Huns, son of Mundtsuk, in 433 AD, after the death of his uncle, Rugilas, together with his brother Bleda, assumed supreme power over the Huns; but already in 445, having killed Bleda, he became their sole leader. Following this, with his aggressive raids, A. expanded his state to enormous proportions. A.'s appearance, according to contemporaries, was unattractive: A. was a squat, stocky man, with a dark complexion, small sunken eyes, a flat nose and a sparse beard; but for all that, his proud gait and severity of expression made an impressive impression. Despite his savagery, he showed a sense of self-worth, sedateness, justice, and not only to his own people, but also to foreign peoples, he was a powerful ruler to whom they voluntarily obeyed. Thus, he formed a strong union of nationalities, to which they belonged: Ostrogoths, Gepids, Thuringians, Heruls, Rugians, Khozars, etc. - His residence was in upper Hungary, not far from Tokaj. At first, A. appeared as a special thunderstorm in the East. Roman Empire. Constantly raising his demands, he forced the emperor. Theodosius II paid him a huge tribute, and subjugated to his power the entire right bank of the lower Danube. Having devastated Mysia, Thrace, and Illyricum, he extended his raids to the outskirts of Constantinople, forced the emperor (447) to pay him off with large sums and provide the Huns with the entire country south of the Danube. In 440, A., offended by the refusal of the Western Roman emperor Valentian III to give his sister Honoria for him and concerned about the alliance of the Romans with the Visigothic king Theodoric, moved west, at the head of the 500,000th army. - Consigning everything to fire and sword, A. walked through Germany to the Rhine, crossed this river near the mouth of the Neckar and destroyed a number of cities, such as. Trier. Metz, Arras, etc. The same fate threatened Orleans when Valentinian’s commander Aetius and the Visigothic king Theodoric came to the aid of the besieged city. Then A. lifted the siege and settled on the vast Catalaunian plain, near the city of Troyes. On this plain, in the fall of 451, a gigantic battle of peoples broke out. The onslaught of the Huns was repelled by Theodoric, and when he fell in battle - by his son, Thorismund. Then A. retreated to his fortified Wagenburg, where Aetius no longer attacked him. More than 200,000 fighters remained on the battlefield. The mutual bitterness was so great that popular legend forced the souls of the slain to continue the battle in the air. A.'s forces, however, were so weakened by this battle that he did not go further, but, on the contrary, returned across the Rhine to Germany. In 452, he launched a new raid, and, through the unprotected eastern Alps, penetrated into Italy, destroyed Aquileia, took Altinum, Padua, Milan and many other cities; Rome and all of Italy were in danger of becoming a victim of enemies; but A. suddenly stopped his victorious march and expressed his readiness to enter into negotiations. Pope Leo I, in the name of the emperor, for a large sum of money bought peace from A., which the latter was very desirable due to the mortality that developed in his army and the various deprivations to which it was subjected. In 453, shortly after returning to Pannonia, A. died the night after his marriage to the Burgundian native Ildiko; his death followed either from a blow or from the hand of Ildiko, who thereby avenged the destruction of her people. His body was placed in three coffins: gold, silver. and iron; the prisoners who made the coffins were killed. According to one very widespread legend in Hungary, the coffin was buried in the bed of the Tisza, for which water was diverted from the river and then released back into the old bed. With the death of A., the power of the world state of the Huns faded away; with his son, Ellak, in the battle on the river. Netad (in Pannonia) the Germanic and Scythian tribes won their independence. The state he founded collapsed as quickly as it was created, but in songs and legends the memory of this powerful conqueror, Etzel of the Germanic peoples, nicknamed the “Scourge of God,” lived for a long time.

Wed. Gibbon, "Leben des A." (Luneb., 1797); Johann von Miller, "A., der Held des V Jahrh." (Vienna, 1806); Klemm, "A. nach der Geschichte, Sage und Legende" (Leipz., 1827); The Hague, "Geschichte A. s." (Celle, 1862); Thierry, "Histoire d"A. et ses successeurs" (4th ed., Paris, 1874).

F. Brockhaus, I.A. Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary.

Literature:

Thierry A., Histoire d "Attila et de ses successeurs..., 5 ed., P., 1874; Moravcsik G., Attilas Tod in Geschichte und Sage, Bdpst, 1926; Boor H. de, Das Attilabild in Geschichte, Lebende und heroischer Dichtung, Bern, 1932; Stein E., Histoire du Bas-Empire, t. 2, P.-Brux.-Amst., 1949; Homeyer H., Attila. Der Hunnenkönig von seinen Zeitgenossen dargestellt, in., 1951; Thompson E. A., A history of Attila, Oxf., 1948; Altheim F.; Attila und die Hunnen, Baden-Baden, 1951.

It is important for you to stand out from the crowd. However, you should not use flashy colors or flashy accessories for this. This should not be understood in the sense that bright, cheerful colors are not for you. It’s just that the general style of clothing should be correct, good taste, and respectable. Clothing should be of high quality and fit you well. Appearance, meeting these criteria, inspires favor and trust. These principles should be followed not only in the process of assembling your wardrobe, but also when choosing the design and furnishings for your home or office.

Compatibility of the name Atilla, manifestation in love

Atilla, your characteristic qualities are charm, romanticism and the ability to express your feelings in forms that can’t help but cause a response. The state of being in love gives you a feeling of fullness of life, continuous euphoria. Your gift for finding beauty in every prospective partner is amazing and delightful. However, as soon as the relationship loses the charm of novelty, becomes ordinary and obligatory, your interest in us quickly fades away. But although you often tolerate the breakup easily, the memories of it remain quite painful for you for a long time, since you like to go through and analyze the smallest details and circumstances, comparing the past with the present.

Motivation

You are gifted with a bright personality, and all your spiritual aspirations are aimed at realizing your existing abilities in one way or another. This desire often determines your choice.

But there are many abilities, and they are very diverse. Accordingly, there may be several ways to implement them. Therefore, quite often you find yourself having to give up one opportunity in favor of another.

It’s good if you have the prudence to focus on a specific goal and direct all your efforts towards achieving it. It’s bad if you are trying to “chase two birds with one stone”, not wanting to sacrifice even small chances of success. In this case, you risk wasting all your spiritual potential, “spraying” it, letting it go to waste. And - to be left with nothing.

You should trust your heart more. He doesn’t care about external shine, all the tinsel that usually decorates the life of artistic people. Therefore, it will be the only thing that will tell you at the right moment. the right decision. Try to “hear” him.

Name number: 4

Number 4 is characterized by such qualities as practicality and reliability. Fours are trustworthy in everything, especially when it comes to relationships with people close to them. Thus, they value their friends and relatives very much and enjoy every minute spent with them.

Fours analyze everything that happens around them. Knowledge about the structure of mechanisms is important for them; they love science. Since Fours do not like to fantasize, their ideas are always realistic.

The meaning of the letters in the name Atilla

A- the alphabet begins with it, and it symbolizes the beginning, the desire to achieve success. If a person has this letter in his name, then he will constantly strive for physical and spiritual balance. People whose name starts with A are quite hardworking. They like to take initiative in everything and do not like routine.

T- people with names that begin with this letter are comprehensively developed. They are vulnerable, sensitive and creative people. They try to be fair in everything. They have good intuition and adapt well to different conditions of the surrounding world. Capable of showing generosity.

AND- subtle mental organization, romance, kindness, honesty and peacefulness. Representatives of the fair sex pay a lot of attention to their appearance, while men focus on internal qualities. They manage to achieve great success in science and working with people. Very economical and prudent.

L- artistic and inventive individuals. They prefer to be guided in their actions logical thinking. They know how to win over. In rare cases, they are narcissistic and disdainful of other people. It is extremely difficult to endure separation from loved ones. They are overly capricious and require increased attention to their person.

Name as a phrase

A- Az (I, Me, Myself, Myself)
T- Firmly
AND- And (Union, Connect, Union, UNITY, One, Together, “Together with”)
L- People

Name Atilla in English (Latin)

Atilla

When filling out a document in English, you should first write your first name, then your patronymic in Latin letters, and then your last name. You may need to write the name Atilla in English when applying for a foreign passport, ordering a foreign hotel, when placing an order in an English online store, and so on.

Useful video

One and a half thousand years ago, the earth from China to France trembled under the hooves of the cavalry of the Huns - mysterious, cruel and invincible conquerors.
Huns. Wild tribe of Asian nomads. One and a half thousand years ago they appeared out of nowhere and just as mysteriously disappeared, passing through Eurasia in a swift whirlwind.

Incredibly, the Huns created one of the most powerful empires in human history, uniting different peoples. And it is the Huns - a mysterious people whose traces were lost in history fifteen centuries ago - that can clear up many dark spots Russian history.

Reference:
Xiongnu (Mongolian Xiongnu, Chinese Xiongnu) - according to science, they are an ancient nomadic people, from 220 BC. to 2nd century AD inhabited the steppes northeast of China. Khnn translated from Mongolian means “people, people.” They waged active wars with the Chinese Han Empire, which, to protect against their raids, erected the Great Wall of China (By the way, for some reason, the loopholes on this wall face south, towards China. So, who built it and who defended themselves from whom - question).
During the wars with China, the Xiongnu managed to consolidate into a single power, subjugating the tribes of neighboring nomads. As a result of wars with the Chinese, as well as civil strife, the Xiongnu state collapsed and the Xiongnu were divided into several nations.

According to widespread opinion, part of the Xiongnu reached Europe and, mixing with the Ugrians, became known as the Huns. Some Xiongnu mixed with the Northern Chinese. In the 4th-5th centuries AD. people from this tribal union even headed royal dynasties in Northern China.
The Huns are a union of tribes formed in the 2nd-4th centuries. in the Urals from the Xiongnu, who migrated here in the 2nd century. from Central Asia, and local Ugrians and Sarmatians. The Huns created a huge state from the Volga to the Rhine. Under the commander and ruler Atilla, the Huns tried to conquer all Western Europe(mid-5th century). They conquered the Alans in the North Caucasus, devastated Syria and Cappadocia in Asia Minor, defeated the Gothic state of Germanaric in the Crimea, subdued the Ostrogoths in the lower reaches of the Dnieper, and drove the Visigoths into Thrace. Having settled in Pannonia (the territory of present-day Hungary) and Austria, they began to raid the Eastern Roman Empire.

The Hunnic union of tribes (it included the Bulgars, Ostrogoths, Heruls, Gepids, Scythians, Sarmatians and a number of other tribes) reached its greatest territorial expansion and power under Attila (ruled 434 - 453). In 451, the Huns invaded Gaul and were defeated by the Romans and their allies, the Visigoths and Franks, on the Catalaunian fields.
After the death of Attila and the strife that arose within the empire, the Huns' empire collapsed, and they disappeared as a people, although their name was found for a long time as a general name for the nomads of the Black Sea region.

Huns - Russian trace in ancient history.
At the beginning of the first millennium AD, the capital (Itil?) of the empire of a mysterious people, whom contemporaries called the Huns, arose in the south of Russia. Today they are considered to be wild Asian barbarians who enslaved various tribes. But there are facts in favor of the fact that the Russian lands were never under the yoke of nomads. So who really were the Huns? And what is mysterious about them if we have read so much about their ruler Attila? The nightmare of Western civilization that met its end in the marriage bed. How many films have been said, written and even made about him!

And yet we know practically nothing about the Huns, except for their wars, first with the Goths, and then with the Roman Empire. But before they fought with the Romans, the Huns had to come from somewhere, and before that they had to live and develop somewhere. Didn’t they just appear overnight on horseback and with weapons?
Where did they come from between the Volga and Don, and where did the very name of this people come from?
There are three hypotheses on this matter. The first, official hypothesis of science identifies the Huns with the Mongoloid people who came to Europe from the depths of Asia. This version was also defended by the Russian historian-ethnologist L.N. Gumilyov. It is stated above.
What happens? First, the Xiongnu-Xiongnu were thoroughly beaten in their own China, then for some reason they dragged themselves through all of Siberia and the rocky deserts of Northern China to the Volga.
True, the Chinese themselves disown such a dubious honor, arguing that for them the hieroglyph “Xiongnu”, and therefore such a name for the people, is in principle impossible. But who will listen to them? In Western Europe they know better what is Chinese and what is not. It says Chinese, it means Chinese!

It turns out that the rather pitiful remnants of the unfinished tribe, having crossed half of Eurasia, were able to defeat the Alans, all the tribes living along the Black Sea coast and even the strong kingdom of the Goths with its mighty army, and then “deal with” the Roman Empire? Hard to believe.
The Xiongnu (Xiongnu) in China had a very developed and unique culture, which for some reason was completely forgotten on the way to the Volga-Don steppes. On the contrary, they managed to fully master and recognize as their own the culture of the tribes living along the banks of the Volga and Don.
And yours own language they were so completely forgotten that they did not add a single Chinese word to the speech of the local population.
Strange are these Xiongnu, who are Xiongnu.
Of course, the Romans did not spare dark colors when describing the Huns.
They can be understood, the conquerors from the east (and for the Romans, the east is everything beyond the Ister-Danube) had to inspire terror, otherwise the Roman legions themselves were worthless. Therefore, the appearance of the “horror of Europe” in the stories turned out to be unimaginably ugly: holes instead of eyes, a beard in tufts, faces scarred from birth (before giving the newborn a mother’s breast, they were allegedly given wounds on the face with a sword).
But these are tales, but on the portal of the Reims Cathedral there is a bas-relief depicting the death of Bishop Nicasius at the hands of the cruel Huns. The Huns on it are in chain mail and with weapons; it is impossible to confuse them with saints and mourners. Of course, the expressions on the killers’ faces are far from benign, but there is nothing ugly or scary about them. And the beards are not in tufts, but either absent or neatly trimmed. The hairstyles are very neat, and the slant in the eyes is not noticeable even with the most careful examination. But they could have been portrayed as narrow-eyed freaks...
And here is what the Byzantine ambassador Priisk Panisky wrote. In 449, he went to the Hun king Attila to negotiate the size of the Roman tribute. The diplomat was sure that he would see tents made of horsehide and unwashed horsemen. But the capital of the Huns amazed him. The city was located across three rivers northeast of the Danube and was built of wood. The royal palace with carved towers rose on the mountain. Guests were greeted with bread and salt, honey and kvass. And girls in long dresses danced in circles, celebrating the arrival of guests...

Chroniclers testify that Attila's people were mostly with blond hair and blue eyes. Attila himself was from the Volga. His country was called Bulyar (Bulgar?), and it was founded by Attila’s great-grandfather King Balamber. Some historians read his name as Vladimir. Attila's brother's name was Bled, which sometimes sounds like Vlad. And in the ancient Bulgarian chronicle “Gazi-Baraj Tarikh” (some historians consider this chronicle to be a fake), the real name of Attila himself is written - Mstislav.
In addition, the Romans said that the great and terrible Attila, the thunderstorm of the Roman Empire, was fluent in several languages and was very knowledgeable in many philosophical issues. And the sister of the Roman Emperor Valentinian, Honoria, asked the leader of the Huns for help against her own brother, who condemned her to maidenhood for the sake of his political ambitions. As a sign of her respect, she even sent Attila a ring. The ruler of the Huns took this as a marriage proposal, and demanded half of the empire as a dowry for marrying an overripe beauty.

In fact, the sister of Emperor Valentinian II, Justa Grata Honoria, has not suffered from piety and decent behavior since her youth. And when she turned 30, she started an affair with the procurator Eugene and became pregnant by him. It is not permissible for anyone to corrupt the emperor’s sisters, even if they have long since reached adulthood; the official was executed, and the loving beauty was sent out of sight to Byzantium and there she was promised as a wife to the elderly senator Herculanus. But Honoria decided to fight for her future and sent the eunuch Hyacinth to Attila with a ring and a request for help.
The Hun, apparently not very well versed in the intricacies of Roman politics and female logic, in turn sent a message to Valentinian II with the message that he was already engaged to his sister and therefore demanded that no obstacles be put in her way. Maybe the emperor would have given the obstinate beauty to Attila, but the demand to add half of the empire as a dowry seemed impudent. Attila was told that Honoria had been married a long time ago, and therefore could not be engaged to anyone.
It is unlikely that the Hun himself really needed the second-hand imperial sister, but the refusal turned out to be an excellent reason for an attack, which the Huns took advantage of. There was no information about Honoria in the sources after this. Maybe she was simply strangled to prevent her from announcing her engagement to someone else? And her eunuch Hyacinth was subjected to brutal torture and executed.
This is such a tragic story. So was Attila, from whom Honoria asked for help, a complete freak? And did he have a Mongoloid appearance?
The second hypothesis connects the Huns with the white Hyperborean race.
It is known that approximately 70 - 110 thousand years ago, the Valdai glaciation began in northern Europe. It happened either because the Gulf Stream changed the direction of its flow, or a lithospheric catastrophe occurred, as a result of which the Hyperborean civilization perished. The surviving people were forced to migrate south.
About 15,000 years ago, a glacier clogged the drains of high-water Siberian rivers, as a result of which the entire West Siberian Lowland, the European part of Russia and the Turan Lowland gradually turned into one giant lake. People were forced to flee to elevated places, one of which was the Urals.

About 11,600 years ago, the waters of this lake found their way through the future Bosporus and Dardanelles into the Aegean and Mediterranean seas, turning them into what we see now. And before this, there was no Strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean Sea itself was a shallow lake with big amount islands. Naturally, after the formation of the Bosphorus, huge coastal areas were flooded - the biblical Flood occurred.
The Russian plain began to gradually dry out and become covered with forests and lush vegetation. The Gulf Stream again flowed where it should, the glacier retreated and people began to migrate.
Some went south, others went west, others went east, and others went back home to the north. And here the Indo-Aryan “Mahabharata” and the Russian “Book of Veles” help us.
The invaluable advantage of these books is that they cover the period from the exodus of the Russian-Aryans from the Cold Land - Hyperborea (Mahabharata) and in great detail (Veles's book) - “one thousand five hundred years before Dir,” that is, from 700 years to new era.

It is also said that the Aryans, moving south, reached the “Aryan Land” (India) and the “Yin Land” (southern Siberia, Altai, Mongolia, China). The book says that our ancestors didn’t like it in the “Insky Land” and they went back to the west and came to Semirechye (Central Asia), where they lived for a long time in the “green steppes.” And from there - to the Volga and the Black Sea steppes.
And there is a lot of evidence that they were in China. This is evidenced by Chinese chronicles and archaeological excavations in northern China and Altai, where many burials of white people - Tochars - were found. And among the first Chinese emperors there were blue-eyed white men.
In the book of the writer Yuan Ke “Myths Ancient China"It talks about a certain sage and court historian Lao Tzu (literal translation - old sage), whose real name was Li Er and who lived about 500 years BC. It turns out that Li Er was not Chinese by origin. He was born in the village of Qu-zhen, Li volost, Ku county, Chu inheritance, in the area of present-day Beijing, where at that time there lived not the Chinese, but tribes of some whites, whom the Chinese called “Di.” These white Di, approximately 1000 years before the new era, created their own state there, called Chaoxian or Hsien-yu with its capital in the city of Phin-syan-chen (Beijing?). It is also mentioned that in the 5th century BC. The white Di tribes left China forever and went somewhere to the north, and then turned to the west, where they soon began to be referred to by the Chinese as the Yuezhi tribes, that is, the Kushan and Tochar tribes, which later formed the huge Kushan kingdom.
And the Traditional image of Li Er allows us to be convinced that he really was not a Mongoloid.

Third hypothesis: Let's return to the Huns, who first appeared on the Volga somewhere in the 2nd century. Still, where did they come from? What if you look not in Chinese countries abroad, but somewhere closer, for example, among your own people? Why not a hypothesis?
For example, we take a map of Arkhangelsk in our hands and if from Arkhangelsk we sail to the northwest, along the shore of the Dvina Bay, then 170 km away we meet the Unskaya Bay (on the map it is very clearly visible, such a cozy bay, on its horns is the Unsky lighthouse and Pertominsk) . And Unsky Bay. And the river flows into this bay called Una. And there is an ancient village on it called Una. And there is Unozero too. And in general there are many places with this name. And the area used to be called Unskaya. Only all this was written with two “n” - Unna, Unno, Unny.
And if you go up the Dvina and Onega from the Unskaya Bay, then the Don and Volga are within easy reach. And then they often moved this way, it turned out, they sailed from White Rus' to Blue (middle) and then Red (southern) to relatives, and the portages were good. And there have always been enough restless and thirsty adventurers for their own and other people’s heads (and their opposite, from which legs grow), in Rus' too.

Was it not these northern Huns, descendants of the same Hyperboreans who lived in the north beyond the Meotian swamp (Sea of Azov) near the Arctic Ocean, that Roman historians wrote about? They clearly indicate that the basis of Attila’s invincible army was the Slavs. And the ambassador Priscus of Pania, sent to Attila, describes the customs of the Huns as purely Scythian; between his words it slips that “this is how it is with the Scythians.” What kind of conquerors are these who adopt the customs of the vanquished? Moreover, the ambassador was treated to honey and kvass. And where did the Chinese Xiongnu learn to brew Russian honey and kvass?
The story of Procopius of Caesarea about the first skirmish between the Huns and the Goths is also well known. The Goths who lived in Crimea considered themselves inaccessible, because they were protected on all sides by the sea and a narrow isthmus. But one day the young Huns, hunting for a deer, pursued him all the way to the sea coast. For some reason, the deer was not embarrassed by the surface of the water; it calmly entered the water, but did not swim, but continued to walk.
So the Huns discovered the opportunity to cross to the Crimea, barely getting their feet wet. And get into the deep rear of the Goths, blocked by impregnable ramparts.
There is one "but" here. Procopius of Caesarea claimed that the deer helped the Huns cross... the Bosporus (this is the Kerch Strait!).
It was possible to ford the Kerch Strait only many millennia BC, when Sea of Azov didn't exist at all. But by the time of the Huns, as now, getting into the water Kerch Strait I don't recommend it if you don't know how to swim. Yes, and I can do it too. No wonder the Greeks called it the Cimmerian Bosporus, as if emphasizing the waywardness, similar to the waywardness of their Bosphorus.

Rather, the deer and the Huns behind it forded Maeotis (the Sea of Azov) not through the Bosporus, but in another place. It is generally small, but there is a long spit called the Arabat Spit (that’s what it is, and not the Arbat Spit, as it is often called). This spit stretches from the coast of the Azov Sea to the coast of Crimea. That's where it's possible.
Be that as it may, the Huns found themselves deep in the rear of the Goths and, having driven such successful warriors into a corner, they finally believed in themselves. From then on, their ascent to the heights of power in the Black Sea region, and then throughout most of Europe, began. Let me remind you that only the Pope managed to persuade Attila not to destroy Rome (by the way, he even advised the emperor to give his sister to the leader of the Huns). And the first serious victory over the Huns on the Catalaunian fields was won only in 451, almost 70 years after their active appearance on the historical stage. Yes, in fact, there was no defeat of the Huns, Attila simply did not win.
Now let's try to analyze it.
If we proceed from Gumilev’s version of the identity of the Huns and Xiongnu, it turns out that, defeated in China, they rushed at a vigorous trot to the Volga steppes and for some reason settled there for a long time. For so long that they managed to adopt the customs and even the language of the local population, losing their narrow eye shape under the influence of local cuisine.

And for some reason the very militant local population welcomed the eastern tourers almost with open arms. At the same time, the Xiongnu Huns completely forgot their language, because the locals did not learn a single Chinese word. But as soon as the guys crossed the Arabat Spit after the deer, the nomads suddenly awakened their genetic memory and decided to take revenge on the Goths for the insults inflicted by others in China. And off we go...
Somehow it doesn’t fit very well.

And if we assume that the Huns are not the distant Chinese Huns, but the White Sea Huns, who sailed to their relatives in Red Rus', where they could well find a use for themselves. They could also calmly learn how to control a horse and improve their military skills. Naturally, it was not women and children who sailed, but, first of all, warriors. Then it is clear that there is no resistance on the part of the locals, and the absence of language barriers, and “forgetfulness” in relation to Chinese culture, language and customs (look at the map of Scythian settlement, the borders of the Proto-Slavic language; there is just a circle of the Proto-Slavic language near the White Sea). And also the absence of a Mongoloid appearance among the Huns on the bas-reliefs. And there is no need to explain the statements of ancient historians about the origin of the Huns from the shores of the White Sea by the fact that they (historians) simply did not have a map before their eyes and therefore confused China with the European coast of the Arctic Ocean.
In general, this is an interesting tendency - to explain everything that does not fit into the fictitious theory as a lack of knowledge among the ancients.
Maybe it’s better to study their works more carefully? You never know what else will be found that, although it refutes the established theories of famous personalities, will well explain the absurdities in their intellectual conclusions...
Want more about Attila? Quite a mysterious person. He is credited (perhaps it really was) with exceptional cruelty. But at the same time they recognize intelligence and education. The case of Honoria can mean both stunning naivety and cunning calculation.
He had many wives, and even more simply concubines and slaves.
Faith allowed him to make as many women happy as he liked. And yet he died because of a woman. Perhaps she was not directly to blame for the death of the Storm of Rome, but she was present. Of course, it all happened on their wedding night!
This is the case when a person remained in the memory of posterity without literally doing anything for it. Ildiko was another wife sent by one of the Germanic tribes to strengthen Attila’s favor. Only one thing is known about the girl herself - she was very beautiful. Of course, we don’t keep bad ones.

The stormy wedding feast ended as usual - with the newlyweds secluded. In the morning, surprised by their master's long sleep, the servants ventured into the bedroom and found Attila dead and the girl sobbing over him. Storm of Europe choked on blood coming from his nose. If he had been sober or even awake, this might not have happened.
It’s hard to believe in the death from a banal nosebleed of a person who spent his whole life on a horse and with a weapon in his hands, so they immediately came up with many versions about Ildiko being a “sent Cossack”, about the poison she carried, about the dagger... But this is not a fact. did not change: Attila died on his wedding night, choking on his own blood, although before that he had easily shed someone else’s for twenty years.

And he was also buried in a unique way (many centuries later, Genghis Khan would do something similar; by the way, according to Mongolian chronicles, he was also white and blue-eyed): the waters of the river were diverted for a while, and after being placed at the bottom of the coffin with Attila’s body, the water was returned to its place.
Where did the Huns go? Here again is a mystery for historians. Quite quickly after the death of the last strong leader, Attila, the Huns suddenly dissolved by themselves! They were and were gone, they didn’t go anywhere, they didn’t die on the battlefields, they didn’t return home to China... They just flowed away like water into sand. This does not happen with strong nations. They don't appear from anywhere and don't go anywhere.
But it is worth remembering that in the famous battle on the Catalaunian fields, the army of the formidable Hun Attila consisted almost entirely of Germans. Where did these Germans go after the death of their leader? They became Germans again and returned to their tribes. What about the rest?
Similar. The Huns again became Sarmatians, Germans, Goths, Gepids and so on, that is, those who they were before joining Attila’s army. It was not for nothing that the same ambassador Priscus called the Huns synonymous with the word “rabble.” By the way, the name Attila is clearly of Gothic origin and means… “daddy”. It turns out that at the head of an ordinary, albeit very disciplined gang, was the godfather (daddy) Attila. But as soon as the strong daddy gave up, the gang simply broke up. This is what usually happens.

So maybe there was no Great Migration?
No one moved from China to the Volga, and then throughout Europe (that’s why the Europeans didn’t add Mongoloid markers)?
It’s just that at first the very restless youth of the White Sea region went to seek happiness from distant relatives closer to the Black Sea.
Having settled in a new place, they became the basis of a military alliance of the same restless ones called the HUNS (from their former UNNA, as, by the way, Roman historians quite often called them).
In the same way, after a few centuries, the brotherhood of the Varangians and Vikings was formed. The Vikings did not have a clearly defined nationality, just restless and strong men of Scandinavia (and the Kola Peninsula, and the White Sea coast too) tried to seek happiness on the side. The Vikings also turned Europe upside down, but traveling on ships, they simply could not involve anyone else in their movements. But the Huns moved overland, and it was much easier to go with them for company.
Why then are large movements of peoples constantly mentioned? Firstly, which peoples and where? Tribes moved constantly along the Black Sea steppes and no one called it the Great Migration. Secondly, it is quite natural that the adventure-seeking Huns carried away a lot of local youth, including women. Heroes, even thugs, are always popular. And when they managed to conquer so much...
Who would refuse to follow the winner even to the ends of the earth, much less conquer Great Rome? It was the mothers who stayed at home, and the daughters sat in carts or even on horses and followed the gentlemen...
By the way, Veles’ book also admits that, having doubted a little, the Rus sided with the Huns. That is, they first made sure that yesterday’s gang was generally succeeding and decided to join before it was too late.

Why did the Huns manage to win so many victories, essentially bringing the mighty Roman Empire to its knees? Firstly, the Roman Empire itself did not experience better days, secondly, iron discipline and the desire to take the world at the tip of your sword made the Huns and those who joined them excellent warriors, thirdly, the same courage...
It turns out that the war between the Goths and the Huns was like a civil war between their own? Yes, yes. Yesterday’s people (if not outcasts, then certainly not the main ones) showed Kuzka’s mother first to their elders, and then to everyone else they managed to reach. Almost all ancient historians and those who were personally acquainted with the Huns themselves write about the army of the Huns as a rabble of anyone. Priscus, for example, talked about one of the Huns, who, upon closer acquaintance, turned out to be... a Greek merchant! But how could yesterday’s Greek become a Hun? You can change your appearance, even your gender, but it is impossible to become Chinese if you were born in Greece. Unless the Huns really are the name of the freemen, the basis of which were the Unns of the White Sea.
You may not accept the last two versions, but you have to admit that the arrival of the Mongoloid Huns from the nooks and crannies of China does not explain anything at all, but raises a great many questions.
And Gumilyov Lev Nikolaevich?.. Unfortunately, even geniuses are not always right. He loved the Steppe very much, and therefore was too eager to bring all the greats out of it, except perhaps those who lived in southern Africa.

The ancients about the Huns.

Roman historian of the 4th century AD. Ammianus Marcellinus, who knew the Huns only by hearsay, speaks of them as a supposedly nomadic people who lived beyond the Myotian (Azov) swamp.
“They,” says this historian, “have brutal morals and a disgusting appearance; in childhood they cut their chin, face and cheeks so that hair cannot grow. With the greatest ugliness of their faces, their bones are strong, their shoulders are wide and, moreover, they are so awkward, and disorganized, that they seem like two-legged cattle. To prepare food, they do not need either fire or spices; they feed on wild roots and raw meat, which they put on a horse instead of a saddle and steam it with a quick ride; agriculture is alien to them; they do not have permanent dwellings they know, from childhood they wander through the mountains and forests, and get used to enduring cold and hunger. Their clothes are linen or made from the skins of forest mice; they change them only when they fall off their bodies in rags. They are inseparable from their small but strong horses, where they eat, drink, sleep and conduct all business; even at public meetings everyone sits on horseback. They carry their dirty wives and children with them in carts. They do not know shame or decency and have no religion; exorbitant greed for gold prompts them to raid. Their weapons are spears and arrows with bones pointed at the end; they know how to skillfully throw lassos at enemies.
They are extremely fast in their movements, suddenly attack the enemy formation from all sides, bully, scatter, run away and then unexpectedly attack again... They boast most of all about killing their enemies, and instead of taking off their weapons, they take off their heads and rip off their skin and with hair they hang on the chests of horses."
In another place, Ammianus says that “The Huns do not know royal power; they noisily follow the leader who leads them into battle,” etc.
It is reliably known that the named historian did not have direct acquaintance with this people, but borrowed the information he provided from other persons, namely: in describing the appearance and way of life of the Huns, their morals and customs, he repeated word for word Trogus Pompey (1st century BC R.X.), which tells about the life not of the Huns, but of the legendary Cimmerians or Kmers, allegedly expelled in ancient times by the Scythians from what is now southern Russia beyond the Caucasus, to Asia Minor (according to Herodotus). This description, transferred to the Huns, thanks to the fear of their disastrous invasion of the Western Roman Empire, gave rise to Roman historians to increase these fears to fantastic proportions, and later to classify this people as a Mongol tribe that allegedly emerged from the unknown depths of Asia.
Meanwhile, Claudius Claudian (late 4th and early 5th centuries AD) clearly and definitely says that the Huns lived along the eastern side of the Tanais (Don), which was then considered the border between Europe and Asia. This area was for Westerners extreme east, and for us, southeastern Russia, where the Don and Volga flowed.

Iornand, writing about a hundred years after the death of Attila, which followed in 453, based on unknown sources, described the appearance of this leader as follows: “Short stature, broad chest, gray hair, snub-nosed, dark-skinned - he showed the features of his tribe.” . In a word, he describes him in the most unattractive colors, although above he speaks of Attila’s inquisitive gaze and his proud posture.
Further, Iornand, repeating the words of Trog Pompey and Marcellinus about the ugliness of the Huns, says that those who could oppose them in war could not stand their terrible appearance and fled in fear.
These last lines say it all. Historians of that era tried to explain the mental phenomenon - mass fear of a formidable enemy, the cowardice of the demoralized troops of the Western Roman Empire, which had already decayed by that time, as nothing more than some unprecedented ugliness of their opponents, who supposedly instilled supernatural fear in the troops.
Neither dirty wives nor children in carts followed the Huns. This is the fantasy of Ammianus Marcellinus, brought by him in imitation of Trogus Pompey. He considered the Huns to be the fabulous Cimmerians, and therefore used Pompey’s ready-made description of their life.
In addition, this historian did not see the invasion of the Huns in Western Europe, since this event occurred many years after his death. The same mistake was repeated by subsequent historians Iornand and others. The movement to the west of the Huns was not a migration of peoples, which in essence did not happen, since all the peoples of the Azov region and the northern shores of the Black Sea, described in the 1st century by Strabo, mostly remained in their original places, something like: Small Aorsy or Little (Zadonskaya) Rus'. Alans, Roxolans, Chigi, Goths, etc. This was a campaign of the allied Slavic peoples, organized through the efforts of the Greek emperors to curb the western provinces that had broken away from them, especially Gaul and Italy. Consequently, the question of the “Mongolism” of the Huns disappears by itself. Huns or Unns (the Greeks wrote) - from the Latin unus - one, unity, union of peoples.

Warsaw professor D.Ya. Samokvasov, who studied for a long time research about the Scythians, did not find any Mongolian peoples in southeastern Europe, from where Marcellinus, Claudian, Iornand and Procopius (VI century) lead out the Huns, i.e. from the eastern shores of the Sea of Azov, from the Zadonsk steppes and the lower reaches of the Volga. Ptolemy (2nd century AD) speaks of the Huns as neighbors of the Roksolans and Bastarnov. Armenian historian of the 5th century. Moses of Khorensky, reporting the Bulgarian invasion from North Caucasus to Armenia, adds that the area where they settled was called Vanand, i.e. the land of the Wends, which is the name historians have called the Slavs since ancient times.
Dionysius Periegetes in the “History of the Universe” about the Huns (Unns or Funns) says that they forced the Medes to pay them 40,000 gold coins and generally had such an abundance of gold that they made beds, tables, chairs, benches, etc. from it.
Of the Western or Latin writers, the Venerable Bede calls the Western Slavs Huns. Saxo Grammaticus speaks of the war between the Danes and the Hun king, who was in alliance with the Russians, and by Huns he means some tribes of the Baltic Slavs. "The most ancient Edda" or Semundova mentions the Hunnic heroes, including Yarisleif, i.e. Yaroslav, and in general by Huns he means the Slavs. "Vilkinga-Saga" calls the city of the Slavic tribe Veletov the capital of the Huns. Iornand called a significant part of ancient Russia the country of the Huns or Gunivar. Holmold says that in the language of the Saxons the Slavs were called dogs, due to the similarity of the name "Hun" with German word Hund. Taking advantage of this consonance, the Saxons turned the name of the Slavs “Huns” into a swear word. The country of the Huns, according to Helmold, was called Gunigard (Hunnic cities). Safarik in his historical work says that in the Valis canton, in Switzerland, the Germans still call the descendants of the Slavs who once settled there Huns.

In the most ancient historical acts, starting with Ptolemy, the Huns are spoken of somehow vaguely, confusingly and not as a separate people, but as a group, a union of several nationalities that lived somewhere beyond the Don, which then served as the border between Asia and Europe.
Procopius (6th century) usually calls the Huns Massagetae, i.e. Great Saka-Geta; Priscus Rhetor, who knew these people well and personally negotiated with their famous leader Attila, almost everywhere calls them Scythians, i.e. collective name; Constantine Porphyrogenitus calls Attila the king of the Avar. And in the full title of Attila, transmitted by Iornand, not a word is said about the Hunnic people. Here is his title: “Attila of all Scythia is the only (only one) ruler (king) in the world – Attila totius Scythiae solus in mundo regnator.” A similar title was at all times the property of Russian grand dukes: " Grand Duke of All Rus'" or "Autocrat of All Russia". Byzantine historians talk about the duality of the Hun people, calling them either Varhunites (Menander), or Var-Hun (Simokata), from which it must be assumed that the ruling class among the Slavic Huns was the people of Var or Caucasian Avars.
Attila really brought it all together Slavic tribes Great and Lesser Scythia, i.e. Dnieper and Transdonian Rus' and, having concluded a secret treaty with the Greeks through the ambassador, the historian Priscus, set out to destroy the western Roman provinces, which had almost broken away from Byzantium. All this was done by gold, the precious gifts of the Greek emperors and the promised booty in western provinces. Of the Hunnic kings, or rather leaders, from 376 to 465, the following are known: Donatus, Charaton, Roa or Rado, whom Iornand calls Roas, and Priscus - Rua basileus, Western historians call the commander of the Scythians - Rhodas; then Attila and his sons: Vdila, sons of Mundiuch or Mundyuk; Dangičig, Irnar, Dančić (Danzic) and Yaren. Among other Hunnic leaders, the following are known: Valamir, Bled, Gord, Sinnio, Boyariks, Regnar, Bulgudu, Khorsoman, Sandil, Zavergan, etc.
The names Donat and Charaton are Christian. And Attila, Vdila, Danchich (Danovich, i.e. son of Don), Valamir, Gord and others are Slavic.

Greek historians of the 6th and 7th centuries. R. The Volga was called Tilo or Black River (Theophylact), Attila (Menander), Atalis (Theophanes) and Athel (Const. Bagr.). In Tatar, this river was called Edil; among Arab writers of the 9th century. Itil, among Ossetians - Idil. Consequently, the formidable leader of the Huns bore the name of the great Russian river Volga. He subjugated to his power all the Volga, Azov, Caucasian and Dnieper Slavic peoples, i.e. Volgar or Bolgar, Aorsov, Alan, Cherkasov, Chigov, Massagetov, Roksolan and others, and also attracted the Caspian-Caucasian Avars, a warlike and strong people, known to this day, into his alliance, and with them he moved to the Danube to continue the war with the Greeks started by his predecessor Rado. Here he was met by the ambassadors of the Greek emperor. From the notes of Priscus it is known what conditions, gifts and tributes the Greeks bought off such a formidable conqueror.
In 451, Attila, with countless forces, stretching, according to some historians, up to 500, and according to others - up to 700 thousand people, invaded Gaul (present-day France) across the Rhine River and devastated it.
On the fields of the Catalaunians, where now Chalognes on the Marne, he was met by Roman legions under the command of Aetius, who was in alliance with the Gothic king Theodoric, as well as with the Burgundians, Franks, Saxons and others.
A gigantic battle took place, in which nations fought from the Volga to the Atlantic Ocean. Theodoric fell in battle. The allies were defeated. According to Roman historians, up to 300 thousand corpses remained at the battle site. Other historians claim that Attila was defeated in this battle.
But the very next year, Attila moved through the Alps to Italy, took Milan by storm and encamped on the river. Mincio.
Then an embassy from Emperor Valentinian and Pope Leon himself came to him with a cross in his hands. The formidable conqueror was moved by the eloquence of the head of the church and gave peace. This circumstance sufficiently confirms the legend recorded in the Wilking Sanga, in the Nibelungen and other chronicles, that Attila was a Slav, like his predecessors Donatus, Charaton and others.

Attila and Pope Leon I.
In 453, Attila died on the Danube on the day of his wedding with the beautiful Ildika, having drunk, as Iornand says, to the point of insensibility with wine.
There is a hypothesis that he was poisoned.
Attila's palace, which stood in a large village in eastern Hungary, was, according to Priscus, more magnificent than his other palaces. It was built of logs and planks, skillfully hewn, and surrounded by a wooden fence with towers. There were many houses inside the fence: some were built from planks with carved work, others from hewn and leveled logs. Between the buildings there was a large bathhouse, made of stone brought from afar. The royal house was larger than the others and stood on a hill. Inside, there were benches along the walls, around which there were tables for three, four or more people. Attila's bed was located in the middle of a large room: several steps led to it. It was covered with thin, colorful curtains, similar to those used by the Romans and Greeks for newlyweds. At Attila’s feasts, guests were served excellent dishes on silver dishes, but the king himself was served only meat on a wooden plate, since he showed exemplary moderation in everything. Cups made of gold and silver were brought to the feasters, and his cup was made of wood. Drinks consumed: wine; honey ikamos or kama, made from barley, something like mash or beer.

The king's clothes were also simple, without any decoration, although they were neat.
The envoy of the Greek emperor Priscus, who was present at such feasts, conveys the rituals of honoring the guests and entertainment, consisting of the following: they sang epics, listened to the ridiculous and absurd speeches of the holy fool (jester) of the Scythian and the breaking of the hunchbacked Greek, who distorted the Latin language with Hunnic and Gothic, etc. P.
When Attila entered his capital, he was greeted by maidens walking in rows, under thin white veils, supported on both sides by standing women; there were up to seven or more maidens in a row, and there were a lot of such rows. These maidens, preceding Attila, sang Scythian songs. When, Priscus further says, Attila found himself near a house, past which the road to the palace went, the mistress came out to him with many servants: some carried food, others wine - this is a sign of special respect among the Scythians.
Attila, sitting on a horse, ate food from a silver dish raised high by the servants. Priscus was admitted into the chambers of the king's wife Creca.
The floor there was covered with expensive carpets. The queen was lying on the bed.
There were many slaves around her. The slaves, sitting on the floor opposite her, painted different patterns on the canvas. This fabric was used to make bedspreads worn over clothes for beauty - guni.
Are Attila and his court like the nomads of Asia? Of course not. And the appearance of Attila described above by Jornand is hardly correct, since this historian, writing a hundred years after his death, does not say a word where he got this news from.
Iornand also tells us that the Huns also had a custom of holding a funeral feast on the grave hill, called strava, and this is the Slavic funeral feast.

Source ruskrugul.ucoz.com/

Name number: 2

Those who are lucky enough to be born under a deuce will not have to worry about having good friends and public recognition - personal talents, diligence and the ability to understand people will certainly lead a deuce to personal success. Violence and rudeness are alien to her, but she easily finds her way to the hearts and souls of people through understanding and goodwill.
When you meet a person under the sign of two, take care of him: most likely, you have found a good friend, a mentor, and in some cases, quite possibly, a life partner. Do not rush to judge the deuce in a modest manner, because the deuce does not reveal to everyone what is inside.

The meaning of the letters in the name Attila

L- artistic and inventive individuals. They prefer to be guided by logical thinking in their actions. They know how to win over. In rare cases, they are narcissistic and disdainful of other people. It is extremely difficult to endure separation from loved ones. They are overly capricious and require increased attention to their person.

Name as a phrase

A- Az (I, Me, Myself, Myself)
T- Firmly
AND- And (Union, Connect, Union, UNITY, One, Together, “Together with”)
L- People

Name Attila in English (Latin)

Attila

When filling out a document in English, you should first write your first name, then your patronymic in Latin letters, and then your last name. You may need to write the name Attila in English when applying for a foreign passport, ordering a foreign hotel, when placing an order in an English online store, and so on.