Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) ? an international intergovernmental scientific research organization created on the basis of an Agreement signed by eleven founding countries on March 26, 1956 and registered by the UN on February 1, 1957. Located in Dubna, near Moscow, in the Russian Federation. The Institute was created with the aim of combining the efforts, scientific and material potential of the Member States to study the fundamental properties of matter. Today, 18 states are members of JINR: the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Bulgaria, Socialist Republic Vietnam, Georgia, Republic of Kazakhstan, Korean People's Democratic Republic , Republic of Cuba, Republic of Moldova, Mongolia, Republic of Poland, Russian Federation, Romania, Slovak Republic, Republic of Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Czech Republic. At the government level, Cooperation Agreements have been concluded between the Institute and Hungary, Germany, Egypt, Italy, Serbia and the Republic of South Africa. The activities of JINR in Russia are carried out in accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On the ratification of the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research on the location and conditions of activity of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in the Russian Federation”. In accordance with the Charter, the Institute operates on the principles of openness to the participation of all interested states and their equal, mutually beneficial cooperation. The main directions of theoretical and experimental research at JINR: particle physics, nuclear physics and condensed matter physics. The scientific policy of JINR is developed by the Scientific Council, which includes prominent scientists representing the participating countries, as well as famous physicists from Germany, Greece, India, Italy, China, USA, France, Switzerland, the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), etc. JINR consists of seven laboratories, each of which is comparable in scale of research to a large institute. The staff numbers about 5,000 people, of which more than 1,200? scientific staff, about 2000? engineering and technical personnel. The Institute has a remarkable set of experimental physical facilities: the only superconducting accelerator of nuclei and heavy ions in Europe and Asia - the Nuclotron, heavy ion cyclotrons U-400 and U-400M with record beam parameters for conducting experiments on the synthesis of heavy and exotic nuclei, a unique neutron pulse reactor IBR-2M for research in neutron nuclear physics and condensed matter physics, with a proton accelerator - a phasotron, which is used for radiation therapy. JINR has powerful high-performance computing facilities, which are integrated into global computer networks using high-speed communication channels. In 2009, the Dubna–Moscow communication channel was put into operation with an initial throughput of 20 Gbit/s. At the end of 2008, the new basic installation IREN-I was successfully launched, designed for research in the field of nuclear physics using the time-of-flight technique in the neutron energy range up to hundreds of keV. Work is progressing successfully on the Nuclotron-M project, which should become the basis of the new superconducting collider NICA, as well as on the creation of the DRIBs-II heavy ion complex. Work is progressing according to schedule to modernize the spectrometer complex of the IBR-2M reactor, included in the 20-year European Strategic Program for Research in the Field of Neutron Scattering. Concept of the JINR Seven-Year Development Plan for 2010–2016. provides for the concentration of resources to update the accelerator and reactor base of the Institute and the integration of its basic facilities into unified system European scientific infrastructure. An important aspect of JINR’s activities is broad international scientific and technical cooperation: the Institute maintains contacts with almost 700 scientific centers and universities in 64 countries. In Russia alone, JINR’s largest partner, cooperation is carried out with 150 research centers, universities, industrial enterprises and firms from 43 Russian cities. The Joint Institute actively cooperates with the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in solving many theoretical and experimental problems in high energy physics. Today, JINR physicists participate in the work of 15 CERN projects. Significant contribution of JINR to the implementation of the project of the century? “The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has received high praise from the global scientific community. All JINR obligations regarding the development and creation of individual detector systems ATLAS, CMS, ALICE and the LHC machine itself were fulfilled successfully and on time. JINR physicists are involved in preparations for conducting a wide range of fundamental research in the field of particle physics at the LHC. The Institute's central information and computing complex is actively used for tasks related to experiments at the LHC and others. scientific projects, requiring large-scale computing. For more than fifty years, JINR has carried out a wide range of research and trained highly qualified scientific personnel for the participating countries. Among them are presidents national academies sciences, heads of the largest nuclear institutes and universities of many JINR Member States. Created at JINR the necessary conditions to train talented young professionals. For more than 30 years, a branch of Moscow State University has been operating in Dubna, the JINR Educational and Scientific Center has been opened, as well as the Department of Theoretical and Nuclear Physics at the International University of Nature, Society and Man “Dubna”. Every year, the Institute sends more than 1,500 scientific articles and reports to the editorial offices of many journals and conference organizing committees, represented by about 3,000 authors. JINR publications are sent to more than 50 countries around the world. JINR accounts for half of the discoveries (about 40) in the field of nuclear physics registered in former USSR. In recognition of the outstanding contributions of the Institute's scientists to modern physics and chemistry can be considered the decision of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry to assign the 105th element Periodic table elements D.I. Mendeleev's name "Dubniy". Scientists from Dubna were the first in the world to synthesize new, long-lived superheavy elements with serial numbers 113, 114, 115, 116, 117 and 118. These important discoveries crowned 35 years of scientists' efforts different countries to search for the “island of stability” of superheavy nuclei. For more than 15 years, JINR has been participating in the implementation of the program to create the Dubna Innovation Belt. In 2005, the government of the Russian Federation signed the Decree “On the creation of a special economic zone technical-implementation type." The specifics of JINR are reflected in the focus of the SEZ: nuclear physics and information technologies. The Joint Institute has prepared more than 50 innovative projects for implementation in the special economic zone; 9 resident companies of the Dubna SEZ have their origins in JINR. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research? a large multifaceted international scientific center that integrates fundamental nuclear physics research, development and application latest technologies, as well as university education in relevant fields of knowledge.
(JINR) is an international intergovernmental scientific research organization created on the basis of an Agreement signed by eleven founding countries on March 26, 1956 and registered by the United Nations on February 1, 1957. Located in the Russian Federation, in Dubna, near Moscow.
The starting point for the formation of scientific Dubna can be considered 1946, when, on the initiative of the head of the Soviet atomic project Igor Kurchatov, the USSR government decided to build a proton accelerator - a synchrocyclotron - in the area of the village of Novo-Ivankovo.
The scientific policy of the institute is developed by the scientific council, which includes prominent scientists representing the participating countries, as well as famous physicists from Germany, Greece, India, Italy, China, the USA, France, Switzerland, CERN, etc.
The Director of JINR since 2011 is Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Viktor Matveev.
JINR has seven laboratories, each of which is comparable in scope of research to a large institute. The staff numbers about 5,000 people, of which more than 1,200 are scientific workers, about 2,000 are engineering and technical personnel.
The Institute has a remarkable set of experimental physical facilities: the only superconducting accelerator of nuclei and heavy ions in Europe and Asia - the Nuclotron, heavy ion cyclotrons for conducting experiments on the synthesis of heavy and exotic nuclei, a unique neutron pulse reactor for research in neutron nuclear physics and condensed matter physics, proton accelerator - phasotron, which is used for radiation therapy. JINR has powerful high-performance computing facilities, which are integrated into global computer networks using high-speed communication channels.
At the end of 2008, the new basic installation IREN-I, designed for research in the field of nuclear physics using the time-of-flight technique, was successfully launched.
The Institute maintains connections with almost 700 research centers and universities in 64 countries. In Russia alone, cooperation is carried out with 150 research centers, universities, industrial enterprises and companies from 43 Russian cities.
The Joint Institute actively cooperates with the European Organization for Nuclear Research in solving many theoretical and experimental problems in high energy physics. JINR physicists participate in 15 CERN projects. Institute scientists participated in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) project. They participated in the design and creation of individual detector systems ATLAS, CMS, ALICE and the LHC machine itself.
JINR physicists are involved in preparations for conducting a wide range of fundamental research in the field of particle physics at the LHC. The institute's central information and computing complex is actively used for tasks related to experiments at the LHC and other scientific projects requiring large-scale computing.
Every year, the institute sends more than 1,500 scientific articles and reports, represented by about 3,000 authors, to the editorial offices of many journals and conference organizing committees. JINR publications are sent to more than 50 countries around the world.
JINR participates in the implementation of the program to create the Dubna Innovation Belt. In 2005, the government of the Russian Federation signed a decree “On the creation of a special economic zone of a technology-innovation type on the territory of the city of Dubna.” The specifics of JINR are reflected in the focus of the SEZ: nuclear physics and information technologies. The Joint Institute has prepared more than 50 innovative projects for implementation in the special economic zone; nine resident companies of the Dubna SEZ have their origins in JINR.
The material was prepared based on information from open sources
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) is an international intergovernmental scientific research organization created on the basis of an Agreement signed by eleven founding countries on March 26, 1956 and registered by the UN on February 1, 1957. Located in Dubna, near Moscow, in the Russian Federation.
The Institute was created with the aim of combining the efforts, scientific and material potential of the Member States to study the fundamental properties of matter. Members of JINR today are 18 states: Republic of Azerbaijan, Republic of Armenia, Republic of Belarus, Republic of Bulgaria, Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Georgia, Republic of Kazakhstan, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Republic of Cuba, Republic of Moldova, Mongolia, Republic of Poland, Russian Federation, Romania, Slovak Republic, Republic of Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Czech Republic. At the government level, Cooperation Agreements have been concluded between the Institute and Hungary, Germany, Egypt, Italy, Serbia and the Republic of South Africa.
The activities of JINR in Russia are carried out in accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On the ratification of the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research on the location and conditions of activity of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in the Russian Federation”. In accordance with the Charter, the Institute operates on the principles of openness to the participation of all interested states and their equal, mutually beneficial cooperation.
Main directions of theoretical and experimental research at JINR: particle physics, nuclear physics and condensed matter physics. The scientific policy of JINR is developed by the Scientific Council, which includes prominent scientists representing the participating countries, as well as famous physicists from Germany, Greece, India, Italy, China, USA, France, Switzerland, the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), etc.
JINR has seven laboratories, each of which is comparable in scope of research to a large institute. The staff numbers about 5,000 people, of which more than 1,200 are scientific workers, about 2,000 are engineering and technical personnel.
The Institute has a remarkable set of experimental physical facilities: the only superconducting accelerator of nuclei and heavy ions in Europe and Asia - the Nuclotron, heavy ion cyclotrons U-400 And U-400M with record beam parameters for conducting experiments on the synthesis of heavy and exotic nuclei, a unique IBR-2M neutron pulse reactor for research in neutron nuclear physics and condensed matter physics, a proton accelerator - a phasotron, which is used for radiation therapy. JINR has powerful high-performance computing facilities, which are integrated into global computer networks using high-speed communication channels. In 2009, the Dubna-Moscow communication channel was put into operation with an initial throughput of 20 Gbit/s.
At the end of 2008, the new basic installation was successfully launched IREN-I, intended for research in the field of nuclear physics using time-of-flight techniques in the neutron energy range up to hundreds of keV.
The project is progressing successfully "Nuclotron-M", which should become the basis of a new superconducting collider NICA, as well as the creation of a complex of heavy ions DRIBs-II. Work to modernize the reactor's spectrometer complex is progressing according to schedule. IBR-2M, included in the 20-year European Strategic Program for Research in Neutron Scattering.
Concept of the JINR Seven-Year Development Plan for 2010-2016. provides for the concentration of resources to update the accelerator and reactor base of the Institute and the integration of its basic facilities into a unified system of European scientific infrastructure.
An important aspect of JINR’s activities is broad international scientific and technical cooperation: the Institute maintains contacts with almost 700 scientific centers and universities in 64 countries. In Russia alone, JINR's largest partner, cooperation is carried out with 150 research centers, universities, industrial enterprises and companies from 43 Russian cities.
The Joint Institute actively cooperates with the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in solving many theoretical and experimental problems in high energy physics. Today, JINR physicists participate in the work of 15 CERN projects. JINR’s significant contribution to the implementation of the project of the century - “The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has been highly appreciated by the world scientific community. All JINR obligations regarding the development and creation of individual detector systems were successfully fulfilled and on time ATLAS, CMS, ALICE and the car itself LHC. JINR physicists are involved in preparations for conducting a wide range of fundamental research in the field of particle physics at the LHC. The Institute's central information and computing complex is actively used for tasks related to experiments at the LHC and other scientific projects requiring large-scale computing.
For more than fifty years, JINR has carried out a wide range of research and trained highly qualified scientific personnel for the participating countries. Among them are the presidents of national academies of sciences, heads of the largest nuclear institutes and universities of many JINR Member States. JINR has created the necessary conditions for training talented young specialists. For more than 30 years, a branch of Moscow State University has been operating in Dubna, the JINR Educational and Scientific Center has been opened, as well as the Department of Theoretical and Nuclear Physics at the International University of Nature, Society and Man “Dubna”.
Every year, the Institute sends more than 1,500 scientific articles and reports to the editorial offices of many journals and conference organizing committees, represented by about 3,000 authors. JINR publications are sent to more than 50 countries around the world.
JINR accounts for half of the discoveries (about 40) in the field of nuclear physics registered in the former USSR. As a sign of recognition of the outstanding contribution of the Institute’s scientists to modern physics and chemistry, one can regard the decision of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry to assign the 105th element of the Periodic Table of Elements to D.I. Mendeleev's names "Dubniy".
For the first time in the world, Dubna scientists synthesized new, long-lived superheavy elements with serial numbers 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 And 118 . These important discoveries crowned 35 years of efforts by scientists from different countries to find "islands of stability" superheavy nuclei.
For more than 15 years, JINR has been participating in the implementation of the program to create the Dubna Innovation Belt. In 2005, the Government of the Russian Federation signed a Resolution “On the creation of a special economic zone of technology-innovation type on the territory of Dubna”. The specifics of JINR are reflected in the focus of the SEZ: nuclear physics and information technologies. The Joint Institute has prepared more than 50 innovative projects for implementation in the special economic zone; 9 resident companies of the Dubna SEZ have their origins in JINR.
The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research is a large multifaceted international scientific center that integrates fundamental nuclear physics research, the development and application of the latest technologies, as well as university education in relevant fields of knowledge.
The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) was created on the basis of an Agreement signed on March 26, 1956 in Moscow by representatives of the governments of eleven founding countries (Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany, China, North Korea, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Czechoslovakia) with the aim of combining their scientific and material potential to study the fundamental properties of matter. Later, in September of the same year, they were joined by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, and in 1976 by the Republic of Cuba. After the signing of the Agreement, specialists from all participating countries came to the Institute. The city of Dubna has become international.
The background of this scientific center in the city located at the confluence of the Dubna River with the Volga (Moscow region) is also interesting. At the end of the 40s of the XX century. here, then in the village of Novo-Ivankovo, the most powerful accelerator in the world at that time was put into operation - a synchrocyclotron for conducting fundamental research in the field of elementary particle physics and atomic nucleus at high energies. Its construction began on the initiative of a group of domestic scientists led by Academician Igor Kurchatov, for which they organized a new laboratory, which from 1947 to 1953, for reasons of secrecy, was considered a branch of the Institute atomic energy and was called the Hydrotechnical Laboratory of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and a little later received the status of an independent academic institution - the Institute of Nuclear Problems of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
Further expansion of the research program was caused by the emergence in 1951 of another scientific organization - the Electrophysical Laboratory of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where, under the leadership of Academician (since 1958) Vladimir Veksler, work began on the creation of a new accelerator - a synchrophasotron, a proton accelerator with an energy of 10 GeV - with record parameters for that time. The grandiose structure, launched (like the first artificial Earth satellite) in 1957, has become a symbol of the achievements of Russian science.
So these two large institutions were our launching pad. Here, research was launched in a wide range of areas of nuclear physics, in which the scientific centers of the JINR Member States were interested.
At a Moscow meeting in March 1956, their representatives elected the first director of the Institute, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1958), Dmitry Blokhintsev, who had previously headed the construction of the world's first nuclear power plant(launched in 1954) in Obninsk (Kaluga region). Professors Marian Danysh (Poland) and Vaclav Votruba (Czechoslovakia) became vice-directors.
The JINR Charter was approved on September 23, 1956 at the first session of the Committee of Plenipotentiaries of the JINR Member States; the new version was signed on June 23, 1992. In accordance with the Charter, the Institute operates on the principles of openness to the participation of all interested states and their equal, mutually beneficial cooperation.
The history of the formation of JINR is associated with the names of such prominent scientists and leaders of science as Nikolai Bogolyubov, Igor Tamm, Alexander Topchiev, Leopold Infeld, Henryk Nevodnichansky, Horiya Hulubey, Lajos Janosi and others. Outstanding physicists and science organizers Alexander Baldin, Dmitry Blokhintsev, Wang Ganchan, Vladimir Veksler, Nikolay Govorun, Marian Gmitro, Venedikt Dzhelepov, Ivo Zvara, Ivan Zlatev, Vladimir Kadyshevsky, Dezhe Kisch, Norbert Kroo, Jan Kozheshnik, Karl Lanius, Le Van Thiem, Anatoly Logunov , Moses Markov, Victor Matveev, Mikhail Meshcheryakov, Georgi Nadzhakov, Nguyen Van Hieu, Yuri Oganesyan, Lenard Pal, Heinz Pose, Bruno Pontecorvo, Vladislav Sarantsev, Namsarain Sodnom, Ryszard Sosnowski, Aureliu Sendulescu, Albert Tavkhelidze, Ivan Todorov, Ivan Ulegla, Ion Ursu, Georgiy Flerov, Ilya Frank, Hristo Hristov, Andrzej Hrynkiewicz, Shcherban Tsiceka, Fedor Shapiro, Dmitry Shirkov, Jerzy Janik and others. Streets and alleys in Dubna are named after many of them.
In terms of the range of activities, JINR is a unique international scientific organization, but not the first to appear on the scientific map of the world. Almost two years earlier, near Geneva, on the territory of Switzerland and France, the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) was formed, designed to consolidate the efforts of Western European countries in studying the fundamental properties of matter. This accelerated the formation of our Institute as an institution that united the scientific potential of Eastern European countries and a number of Asian states (it is no coincidence that in one of the first documents JINR was called the Eastern Institute for Nuclear Research).
All this was the result of the understanding that no area fundamental science the cost is not comparable to nuclear physics, and developing this field of knowledge alone is an unpromising activity; moreover, it acts as a generator of ideas, stimulating not only many other natural sciences, but also technological progress in general. In addition, only openness and internationality are a guarantee of the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
And the production of accelerated proton beams at the synchrophasotron with an energy of up to 10 GeV allowed JINR specialists to immediately engage in the search for new elementary particles and previously unknown patterns of the mysterious microworld. With unprecedented enthusiasm and innovation, Dubna did something that had no analogues and about which newspapers invariably wrote “for the first time in the world.”
Thus, at the International Conference on High Energy Physics in 1959 in Kyiv (i.e., just two years after the launch of the synchrophasotron), the first results on studying the properties of the production of strange particles in pion-nucleon interactions at energies above 6 GeV were presented. In particular, Vladimir Veksler, Wang Ganchan, Mikhail Solovyov reported the discovery of the now well-known law of conservation of the baryon charge of heavy elementary particles, which include nucleons, hyperons, etc. particles, as well as new data on the properties of x-minus hyperons, antiprotons and anti-lambda hyperons formed in the above interactions.
At the Rochester Conference in Berkeley (USA) in 1960, physicists of the same group again announced for the first time the discovery of cases of multiple (more than two) formation of strange particles (these include K-mesons, hyperons, etc.), the establishment of the phenomenon growth of cross sections for the formation of kaons and xi-minus hyperons with the energy of incident pions, as well as cases of formation and decay of a new antiparticle - antisigma-minus hyperon. It was a triumph for Dubna scientists.
And a year later, at a conference at CERN, the same group of scientists for the first time demonstrated data on the abundant production of resonances involving strange particles and reported a previously unknown resonance f0 (980) - a meson decaying into two short-lived neutral kaons (the same as K -mesons). This phenomenon is included in the world particle data tables with reference to the work of the JINR High Energy Laboratory group.
At the same time, original methods were created here; for the first time in the world, large hydrogen and propane-freon chambers were constructed, etc. And the synchrophasotron eventually turned into an accelerator of relativistic nuclei. In addition, it was on it that polarized deuterons were accelerated to record energies of 4.5 GeV per nucleon.
One of the first topics developed in Dubna was related to knowledge of the structure of radioactive nuclei obtained by irradiating targets from different substances protons at the synchrocyclotron. The research was carried out by an international team in the scientific and experimental department of nuclear spectroscopy and radiochemistry of the Laboratory of Nuclear Problems. The resulting long-lived isotopes were sent for study to Warsaw, Dresden, Kyiv, Krakow, Leningrad, Moscow, Prague, Tashkent, Tbilisi, as well as to some scientific centers of non-participating countries.
The world's first pulsed reactor, the IBR (fast neutron reactor), created at the Laboratory of Neutron Physics (FLNP), also became a center of attraction for physicists from JINR member countries. Many specialists from Bulgaria, Hungary, Vietnam, Germany, the DPRK, Mongolia, Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, etc. have completed their research school here. Subsequently, whole groups of employees with equipment specially prepared for the relevant experiments began to come here from the participating countries.
One of the most bright examples International cooperation was the development of the next pulsed reactor - the IBR-2 complex, in which institutes and enterprises from Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the USSR took part. Launched in 1984, it gave a powerful impetus to research in condensed matter physics using neutron scattering.
Now a new form of cooperation has developed at IBR-2: scientists from any country can submit proposals to conduct the experiments they need at facilities operating on beams from this reactor. The relevant committee of experts reviews the proposal and evaluates it. Their recommendations are mandatory, and fixed time The author of the idea, together with FLNP specialists, is conducting an experiment. The physicist conducts further research with the results obtained at his main job in contact with our specialists with the help modern means communications.
In the 70s and 80s, scientific centers and enterprises of the participating countries made a significant contribution to the creation of experimental equipment for the U-400 cyclotron. Together with specialists from the Institute of Nuclear Physics (Bucharest, Romania), we drew up technical specifications for the design and production in Romania of a system for transporting extracted cyclotron beams. And at the Institute of Nuclear Research in Swierk (Poland) they developed a receiving device for observing and identifying charged particles on the focal plane of the MSP-144 magnetic spectrometer. As a result, scientists from participating countries are quite short term helped create a large experimental installation FOBOS and other installations for our Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, where unique research is still carried out today.
It is appropriate to recall one more discovery “at the tip of the pen”: after long and unsuccessful attempts by many specialists in the field of high energy physics to find the so-called top quark (the sixth, last and heaviest in this family of particles), a group of theorists in which the key The role was played by scientists from the Dubna Laboratory of Theoretical Physics (BLTP) named after. N.N. Bogolyubov, predicted a rather narrow range of mass values, where it was necessary to look for the top quark. There this particle was found by experimenters at the National Accelerator Laboratory. E. Fermi (USA). And recently, our collaborators as part of a collaboration at the Fermi Laboratory contributed to the measurement of the top quark mass: the most accurate result in world practice was obtained.
It should be emphasized that the modern quark model is unthinkable without the fundamental works of the Dubna theorists: the hypothesis of colored quarks, the quark bag, etc. (Nikolai Bogolyubov, Albert Tavkhelidze, Victor Matveev, etc.).
Many nuclear research centers of the participating countries owe their appearance to a large extent to Dubna: thanks to JINR, their experimental base was developed, large nuclear physics facilities were created. Currently, joint work continues on the construction of a cyclotron for Slovakia. In December 2003 in Astana, the board of the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan approved a joint project on creation for the Eurasian national university them. L.N. Gumilyov Interdisciplinary Research Complex based on the DC-60 heavy ion accelerator developed at JINR. At the end of 2005, the creation of the accelerator was completed.
At the turn of the 1980s - 1990s, we went through a difficult time. Perestroika, the collapse of the USSR and the socialist community, radical socio-political changes and brutal economic crisis in most of the countries mentioned - all this made the position of the Institute almost critical. However, he survived, primarily thanks to to the highest level the theoretical and experimental research carried out in it, the traditions of its scientific schools, the unique scientific base and the selfless devotion to science of a highly qualified team of scientists, specialists, and workers. During this transition period, the directorate of the Institute, headed by academician Vladimir Kadyshevsky, did a great job of preserving the unique scientific center, maintaining its international relations and further development its scientific and technical cooperation.
Exclusively important event The Federal Law "On the ratification of the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research on the location and conditions of activity of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in the Russian Federation" was adopted for the Institute on January 2, 2000. It formulates the conditions that Russia undertakes to adhere to in order for JINR’s activities to be successful and fruitful. This confirmed for us legal guarantees that comply with generally accepted international standards.
At this stage of our development, it became clear that the cooperation of the participating countries in our Institute should take on a qualitatively new character: be mutually beneficial, based on the real capabilities of the respective states. These are the current principles of the Institute’s activities, determining its strategy, development prospects, and priority areas of research.
Today, 18 states are members of JINR: the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Bulgaria, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, the Republic of Georgia, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the Republic of Cuba, the Republic of Moldova, Mongolia, the Republic of Poland, the Russian Federation, Romania , Slovak Republic, Republic of Uzbekistan, Ukrainian Republic, Czech Republic. At the government level, cooperation agreements between the Institute and Germany, Hungary, Italy and South Africa have been concluded.
JINR is still a truly international scientific center. Its highest governing body is the Committee of Plenipotentiary Representatives of all 18 participating countries. He discusses the budget, plans for scientific research and capital construction, admission of new states to membership of the Institute, etc.
The scientific policy of the Institute is developed by the Scientific Council, which, in addition to representatives of the participating countries, includes famous physicists from CERN, Germany, Italy, China, the USA, France, Greece, Belgium, the Netherlands, India and other countries.
The permanent body is the JINR Directorate, elected by the Committee of Plenipotentiaries. Leading specialists from the Institute's member states are elected to senior management positions.
Since the establishment of JINR, a wide range of research has been carried out here and highly qualified scientific personnel have been trained for the member countries of the Institute, including many scientists who currently occupy leading positions in science. Among them are presidents of national academies of sciences, heads of major nuclear institutes and universities.
JINR has eight laboratories, each of which is comparable in scope of research to a large institute. In total, we employ about 6,000 people, of which more than 1,200 are scientific workers, including full members and corresponding members of the national academies of sciences, over 260 doctors and 630 candidates of science, dozens of laureates of international and state awards, about 2,000 engineers and technicians.
So, BLTP im. N. N. Bogolyubova - one of the world's largest centers theoretical research in particle physics and quantum theory fields, nuclear physics and condensed matter physics. Current research in these areas is successfully combined here with effective theoretical support for experiments. Distinctive feature Dubna theorists - a wide range of scientific interests combined with the brightness of physical ideas and rigor mathematical research. An important component of the BLTP activities is the development of cooperation in the field educational programs with JINR member countries and attracting talented young employees, students, and postgraduate students to work.
Experimental research in elementary particle physics has been actively carried out at JINR since its formation. The study of the processes of birth and interaction of elementary particles is a direct way to understand the structure of matter. Scientists from the Laboratory of Particle Physics (LPP) and the Laboratory of Nuclear Problems (DLNP) named after. V.P. Dzhelepova conduct experiments under this program not only in Dubna, but also at the largest accelerators at CERN, the Institute of High Energy Physics (Protvino, Russia), the National Accelerator Laboratory. E. Fermi (Batavia, USA), Brookhaven National Laboratory (Upton, USA), German Synchrotron (Hamburg, Germany). At the same time, for the first time, a new form of cooperation between scientific teams from different countries was born - “physics at a distance”, which made it possible to involve teams of scientists in scientific research who would not be able to independently carry out such work at the largest accelerators.
Let's say, DLNP is one of the world's leading centers working in the field of high, low and intermediate energies. The most important, promising experiments are in particle physics, including neutrino research, the study of nuclear structure, including relativistic nuclear physics and nuclear spectroscopy; studying the properties of condensed matter, creating new accelerators, biological and medical-biological research at the Dubna phasotron. Nowadays, graduates of the laboratory head scientific teams in Protvino (Moscow region) and Gatchina (St. Petersburg), head institutes, higher educational institutions and large laboratories in Belarus, Georgia, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, and other countries.
Laboratory of High Energy (LHE) named after. V.I. Veksler and A.M. Baddin is an accelerator center for conducting a wide range of relevant research in the energy range of beams where there is a transition from the effects of the nucleonic structure of the nucleus to manifestations of the asymptotic behavior of the characteristics of its interactions. The laboratory carries out extensive international scientific cooperation with CERN, physical centers in Russia, the USA, Germany, Japan, India, Egypt and other countries. Over the years of work, 9 discoveries were made here. To successfully implement the research program in relativistic nuclear physics, the idea of creating a new specialized superconducting accelerator - the Nuclotron - was put forward. It was put into operation in 1993. And at the end of 1999, the creation of a system for slow extraction of a beam of accelerated protons was completed.
Today, the Nuclotron is the only such complex that can provide experiments with a wide variety of beams (from protons to iron nuclei) over the course of a year and satisfy such conditions as: precision energy change, the required intensity level, long-term stretching and uniformity of the temporal structure of the output beams, their profile necessary for experiments.
Work on the synthesis of new heavy and superheavy elements, the study of their physical and chemical properties were and remain the main direction of the scientific program of the Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (FLNR) named after. G. N. Flerova. For 5 recent years 17 new isotopes were synthesized here chemical elements With atomic numbers from 112 to 118. The observation of dozens of decay events of new superheavy nuclei became possible after significant improvements in the accelerators and experimental methods used. Today, the Institute is a world leader in the field of synthesis of superheavy nuclei, having enriched the periodic table with new synthesized elements with atomic numbers 113, 115, 116, 118. Recognition of the outstanding contribution of our scientists to modern physics and chemistry was the decision of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry to assign The 105th element of D.I. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table of Elements is called “Dubnium”.
Laboratory of Neutron Physics (FLNP) named after. I. M. Franka is an active member of the world community of neutron physicists. Here they study physical phenomena in solids and liquids, new properties of materials. They conduct theoretical and experimental studies of high-temperature superconductivity and compounds with complex structures, which is especially important for biology, chemistry, and pharmacology. A number of scientific developments being developed in world science were initiated by work first performed at FLNP. Let us mention studies of the properties of ultracold neutrons, the effects of spatial parity violation in neutron resonances, the influence of pulsed magnetic fields on the structure of matter, and the use of small-angle techniques.
An extremely important area is information technology, computer networks and computational physics. These works are concentrated in the Laboratory information technologies, created by corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences Mikhail Meshcheryakov. The specialists of this laboratory carefully analyze advances in the field of computer technology and strive to develop everything that is current and promising. Their main task is being successfully solved - providing modern telecommunications, networking and information-computing tools for theoretical and experimental research.
The Laboratory of Particle Physics was established in 1988 to conduct relevant experimental studies at the world's leading accelerators. IN scientific program The laboratory involves institutes of the JINR member countries, which makes it possible to concentrate intellectual and material resources, thereby ensuring a significant contribution to international projects.
The Laboratory of Radiation Biology, the “youngest” one at JINR, was created in 2005 on the basis of the Department of Radiation and Radiobiological Research. Nuclear physics methods are used here to study interaction mechanisms ionizing radiation with matter, and the basic installations of the Institute are used to conduct interesting radiobiological experiments. Dubna radiobiologists have many achievements to their credit that have been highly appreciated by the international scientific community. Thus, in 1985 in Prague, at the XIX European Conference on Radiation Biology, a report was made on the theory of the effects of radiation on living cells, proposed for the first time in the world by our specialists. The reaction to this was the desire of scientists from the Netherlands, Germany and other countries to cooperate with JINR and exchange research results.
It is also important that the Institute has created excellent conditions for training talented youth. In 1991 in Dubna on the basis of the Dubna branches of the Research Institute of Nuclear Physics named after. D. V. Skobeltsyn Moscow State University, Moscow State Institute of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Automation, base departments of MIPT, MEPhI opened an Educational and Scientific Center for specialized training in the field of physics. Here students complete their studies, undergo practical training in the laboratories of the Institute and prepare theses under the guidance of leading scientists. The Institute operates a postgraduate course. Students from universities in the CIS countries, Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Germany, etc. are constantly trained here, and workshops are organized annually at our facilities. By the way, we use every opportunity to support students. One example is a UNESCO grant received within the framework of the JINR agreement with UNESCO and intended for carrying out practical classes and research in Dubna for two months. 18 young scientists from Armenia, Georgia, Belarus, Poland and Russia took part in these workshops.
In 1994, on the initiative of the JINR Directorate, with the active participation of the administrations of the Moscow region and city, the Russian Academy natural sciences was created International University nature, society and man "Dubna".
During the 50 years of its existence, JINR has been a kind of bridge between the West and the East, contributing to the development of broad international scientific and technical cooperation. We maintain connections with more than 700 research centers and universities in 60 countries. In Russia alone, our largest partner, cooperation is carried out with 150 research centers, universities, industrial enterprises and companies from 40 cities.
On a mutually beneficial basis, we maintain contacts with the IAEA, UNESCO, the European Physical Society, and the International Center for Theoretical Physics in Trieste. More than a thousand scientists come to Dubna every year, and we provide scholarships to physicists from developing countries.
The scope of joint work highlights cooperation with scientific centers in France and Italy. In 1957, the laureate visited Dubna Nobel Prize Jean-Frederic Joliot-Curie (foreign member of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1947). In memory of his visit, one of the streets of Dubna is named after him. The French Atomic Energy Commissariat also showed interest in us - our Institute hosted the High Commissioner of this organization, Francois Perrin. In 1972, a Protocol on cooperation was signed between JINR and the National Institute of Nuclear Physics and Elementary Particles (France). In 1992, a new, general Agreement was concluded on our further development. It is no coincidence that one of the streets of the French city of Caen is called “Avenue de Dubna”, which symbolizes the fruitful scientific ties of the national laboratory GANIL (Large National Heavy Ion Accelerator), located in this city, with JINR. Joint experimental studies of the stability limits of light exotic nuclei in 1994 were supported by a special grant from the French government; in 1997 it was extended for another three years. But the common work did not end there: in particular, an agreement was reached that FLNR would focus on the synthesis of superheavy elements, and GANIL would begin to study the behavior of exotic nuclei. At the same time, joint groups of scientists and specialists will work in both Dubna and Kan.
Currently, our and Italian scientists are united by the international project BOREXINO, dedicated to measuring the flux of solar neutrinos and studying the phenomenon of neutrino oscillation using a low-background calorimetric detector with a liquid scintillator, created in the underground laboratory of Gran Sasso (Italy). A group of Dubna employees made a major contribution to the creation of a prototype of this installation, as well as to the analysis of data and obtaining the first results. In 2000, the joint Protocol on Scientific and Technical Cooperation between the Italian Republic and the Russian Federation gave the project first priority, and in 2003 it was transferred to the category of experiments of particular importance.
Since the 1970s, after some scientific contacts with American colleagues, closer relations between JINR and US national centers are being developed. This stage was opened by the visit to Dubna in 1969 of Tlenn Seaborg, who was then the chairman of the US Atomic Energy Commission. In 1972, when the National Accelerator Laboratory. E. Fermi brought her accelerator into operation, and American physicists invited our colleagues to participate in the first experiments on it. By that time, an original hydrogen gas target had been made in Dubna, and leading scientific centers in the USA and European countries were subsequently equipped with similar ones. And today the same American partners continue to actively cooperate with us: for example, at the proton accelerator - the Tevatron - a large international team, including from Dubna, is implementing a number of large projects.
However, today JINR has extensive connections with more than 70 American laboratories and universities in all areas of its activity, including Brookhaven and Livermore National Laboratories.
For many decades, fruitful cooperation between JINR and CERN has been developing. Created half a century ago in the context of confrontation between two military blocs, they did not stop intensive cooperation even in the darkest years." cold war"During this time, they carried out dozens of joint experiments. The first of them was NA-4 on deep inelastic scattering of muons, which was carried out in the Bologna-CERN-Dubna-Munich-Saclay collaboration. For experimental setup We manufactured a 50-meter magnet core and 80 proportional chambers. In addition, our scientists have made a great contribution to the scientific research itself, from developing the physical proposal to obtaining the results.
Today's cooperation is JINR's participation in 27 major CERN projects, including three of the four experiments at the Large Hadron Collider: ATLAS, CMS and ALICE. This accelerator will make it possible to penetrate deeper into matter than ever before, shedding light on many secrets of the Universe (the conditions of the early Universe will be recreated - 10-21 seconds after big bang); will help solve one of the cornerstone mysteries of physics - to reveal the nature of the mass of particles; thereby making a qualitative leap in the development of the scientific worldview, technology and technology. This collider (LHC), with a circumference of 27 km, will accelerate two beams moving in opposite directions. At their intersection points, four huge in size and most complex installations will be placed. They should start working in 2007, and since over a billion collisions will occur on them every second, you can imagine what an inexhaustible flow of information will fall on physicists...
On the basis of its supercomputer center, our Institute is taking part in the creation of the Russian regional data processing center with LHC, which will become an integral part of the European Union project "HEP EU-GRID".
I would like to note that JINR and CERN have been holding a joint exhibition “Science Bringing Nations Together” every year since 1997. It was successfully held in Oslo, Paris, Geneva, Brussels, Moscow, Bucharest, Dubna, Yerevan and Thessaloniki.
JINR scientists are indispensable participants in many international and national scientific conferences. It has become a good tradition to hold schools for young scientists. Thus, for the third year in the summer, the conference “Methods of Nuclear Physics and Accelerators in Biology and Medicine” has been successfully held.
Every year, the Institute sends more than 1,500 articles and reports to the editorial offices of many journals and conference organizing committees, represented by about 3,000 authors. It is interesting to note that among scientific and educational centers operating in Russia, JINR is consistently among the top five in terms of the number of publications per year (and a number of other integral indicators).
At the session of the Committee of Plenipotentiaries of JINR, a decision was made to support the project of creating a special economic zone of the Dubna technology park, which is expected to be implemented on the basis of private-public partnership in line with the transformations currently taking place in Russia and meeting the interests of the JINR participating countries.
The organization of such a zone will benefit the science city and will attract the necessary investments. The Federal Law “On Special Economic Zones in the Russian Federation”, adopted in 2005, also contributes to this. Based on the results of the corresponding competition announced by the Government of the Russian Federation, Dubna received the status of a special economic zone of technology-innovation type. Here, around Russia’s only international intergovernmental scientific center, an “innovation belt” will be created, in which a number of companies from JINR member countries have already expressed interest. The Dubna technology innovation zone will be developed in collaboration with colleagues - scientific centers of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Rosatom, as well as with partners in industry and business.
For 50 years now, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research has been developing as a large multifaceted international scientific center, which has successfully integrated fundamental theoretical and experimental research, the development and application of the latest technologies, and university education in relevant fields of knowledge.
Professor Alexey SISAKYAN, Director of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
The scientific program is focused on achieving highly significant results.
The JINR experimental base makes it possible to conduct not only advanced fundamental research, but also applied research aimed at the development and creation of new nuclear physics and information technologies.
JINR Laboratories
CERN and JINR have mutual observer status: JINR - in the CERN Council and CERN - in the Committee of Plenipotentiary Representatives of the Governments of the JINR Member States. Recently, JINR has its representative in the Expert Committee of the European scientific foundation(NuPECC).
Chief Scientific Secretary of JINR N.A. Rusakovich, JINR Director V.A. Matveev, Director General of CERN R. Heuer, Head of the CERN International Relations Department, CERN representative at JINR R. Voss
The Institute has accumulated enormous experience in mutually beneficial scientific and technical cooperation on an international scale. JINR maintains contacts with the IAEA, UNESCO, the European Physical Society, and the International Center for Theoretical Physics in Trieste. Every year more than a thousand scientists from organizations collaborating with JINR come to Dubna.
Educational activities
JINR has created excellent conditions for training talented young specialists. Works in Dubna for more than 30 years branch of Moscow State University. (UNC) JINR annually organizes a workshop at the Institute’s facilities for students from higher education educational institutions Russia and other countries.
Participants of the UC international student practice
The UC, together with CERN, organizes annual scientific schools for physics teachers from JINR member countries.
IN State University "Dubna" There are departments of theoretical and nuclear physics, as well as biophysics, distributed computing systems, nanotechnologies and new materials, personal electronics and electronics of physical installations. The teaching staff includes leading JINR employees, world-class scientists. The university’s educational base is actively developing on the territory of JINR.
Publications
Every year, the Institute sends more than 1,500 scientific articles and reports to the editorial offices of many journals and conference organizing committees, represented by about 3,000 authors. JINR publications are sent to more than 50 countries around the world.
Achievements and prospects
JINR accounts for more than 40 discoveries in the field of nuclear physics. In light of the latest achievements of the Institute, it deserves special mention. Recognition of the outstanding contribution of the Institute's scientists to modern physics and chemistry was the decision of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry to award 105th element D.I. Mendeleev's periodic table of elements names dubnium And 114th element titles flerovium, in honor of the Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of JINR and its founder, Academician G.N. Flerov. Dubna scientists were the first in the world to synthesize new, long-lived superheavy elements with serial numbers 113, 114, 115, 116, 117 and 118. These important discoveries crowned the long-term efforts of scientists from different countries to search for “ islands of stability» superheavy nuclei.
The 105th element of D.I. Mendeleev’s Table was given the name dubnium, and the 114th element was named flerovium, in honor of the Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of JINR
For more than 20 years, JINR has been participating in the implementation of the program to create the Dubna Innovation Belt. In 2005, the Government of the Russian Federation signed the Resolution “On the creation on the territory of the city of Dubna special economic zone technical-implementation type." The specifics of JINR are reflected in the focus of the SEZ: nuclear physics and information technologies.
The Institute strives to consolidate and strengthen its key positions in modern conditions. At the core JINR development strategy for subsequent years - fundamental research in the field of nuclear physics and related fields of science and technology thanks to the improvement of its own research infrastructure and participation in international collaborations; methodological and applied research in the field of high technologies and their implementation in industrial, medical and other technical developments; active educational activities and development of social infrastructure.
