Geographic latitude and longitude are plotted on a world map. With their help, it is easy to determine the location of an object.

A geographical map of the world is a reduced projection of the earth's surface on a plane. It shows continents, islands, oceans, seas, rivers, as well as countries big cities and other objects.

The geographical map has a coordinate grid.
On it you can clearly see information about the continents, seas and oceans, and the map allows you to create an image of the relief of the world.
Using a geographic map, you can calculate the distance between cities and countries. It is also convenient to search for the location of land and ocean objects.

The shape of the Earth is like a sphere. If you need to determine a point on the surface of this sphere, then you can use a globe, which is our planet in miniature. But there is the most common way to find a point on Earth - these are geographical coordinates - latitude and longitude. These parallels are measured in degrees.

Geographic map of the world with latitude and longitude - photo:

The parallels that are drawn along and across the entire map are latitude and longitude. With their help you can quickly and easily find anywhere in the world.

The geographical map of the hemispheres is easy to understand. On one hemisphere (eastern) Africa, Eurasia and Australia are depicted. On the other, the western hemisphere, are North and South America.

Our ancestors studied latitude and longitude. Even then there were world maps that were not similar to modern ones, but with their help you can also determine where an object is located and what. A simple explanation of what the geographic latitude and longitude of an object on a map are:

Latitude is a coordinate value in the system of spherical numbers, which defines a point on the surface of our planet relative to the equator.

If the objects are in the northern hemisphere, then geographic latitude called positive, if in the south - negative.
South latitude - the object moves from the equator towards the North Pole.
North latitude - the object is moving towards the South Pole from the equator.
On a map, latitudes are lines parallel to each other. The distance between these lines is measured in degrees, minutes, seconds. One degree is 60 minutes, and one minute is 60 seconds.
The equator is zero latitude.

Longitude is a coordinate quantity that determines the location of an object relative to the prime meridian.

This coordinate allows you to find out the location of the object relative to the west and east.
Lines of longitude are meridians. They are located perpendicular to the equator.
The zero reference point for longitude in geography is the Greenwich Laboratory, which is located in east London. This line of longitude is commonly called the Greenwich Meridian.
Objects that are located to the east of the Greenwich meridian are the eastern longitude region, and to the west are the western longitude region.
Indicators of eastern longitude are considered positive, and indicators of western longitude are considered negative.

Using the meridian, a direction such as north-south is determined, and vice versa.

Latitude on a geographic map is measured from the equator—zero degrees. At the poles there are 90 degrees of latitude.

From what points, what meridian is geographic longitude measured?

Longitude on a geographic map is measured from Greenwich. The prime meridian is 0°. The farther an object is from Greenwich, the greater its longitude.

To determine the location of an object, you need to know its geographic latitude and longitude. As mentioned above, latitude shows the distance from the equator to a given object, and longitude shows the distance from Greenwich to the desired object or point.

How to measure, find out geographic latitude and longitude on a world map? Each parallel of latitude is designated by a specific number - a degree.

Meridians are also designated by degrees.

Measure, find out geographic latitude and longitude on a world map

Any point will be located either at the intersection of the meridian and the parallel, or at the intersection of intermediate indicators. Therefore, its coordinates are indicated by specific indicators of latitude and longitude. For example, St. Petersburg is located at the following coordinates: 60° north latitude and 30° east longitude.

As stated above, latitude is parallels. To determine it, you need to draw a line parallel to the equator or a nearby parallel.

If the object is located on the parallel itself, then it is easy to determine its location (as described above).
If an object is between parallels, then its latitude is determined by the nearest parallel from the equator.
For example, Moscow is located north of the 50th parallel. The distance to this object is measured along the meridian and it is equal to 6°, which means that Moscow’s geographic latitude is 56°.

A clear example of determining geographic latitude coordinates on a world map can be found in the following video:

Video: Geographic latitude and geographic longitude. Geographical coordinates

To determine geographic longitude, you need to determine the meridian on which the point is located, or its intermediate value.

For example, St. Petersburg is located on a meridian whose value is 30°.
But what if the object is located between the meridians? How to determine its longitude?
For example, Moscow is located east of 30° east longitude.
Now add the number of degrees along the parallel to this meridian. It turns out 8° - which means the geographic longitude of Moscow is equal to 38° east longitude.

Another example of determining the geographic coordinates of longitude and latitude on a world map in the video:

Video: Determining latitude and longitude

Any map shows all the parallels and meridians. What is the maximum value of geographic latitude and longitude? Highest value geographical latitude is 90°, and longitude is 180°. The smallest latitude value is 0° (equator), and the smallest longitude value is also 0° (Greenwich).

Geographic latitude and longitude of the poles and the equator: what is it equal to?

The geographic latitude of the points of the earth's equator is 0°, the North Pole +90°, and the South Pole -90°. The longitude of the poles is not determined, since these objects are located on all meridians at once.

Determining geographic coordinates of latitude and longitude on Yandex and Google maps online

Schoolchildren may need to determine geographic coordinates from maps in real time when performing test work or on an exam.

It's convenient, fast and simple. Determining the geographic coordinates of latitude and longitude on Yandex and Google maps online can be done on various services on the Internet.
For example, you just need to enter the name of an object, city or country and click on it on the map. The geographic coordinates of this object will instantly appear.
In addition, the resource will show the address of the identified point.

The online mode is convenient because you can find out the necessary information here and now.

How to find a place by coordinates on Yandex and Google map?

If you do not know the exact address of an object, but you know its geographical coordinates, then its location can be easily found on Google or Yandex maps. How to find a place by coordinates on Yandex and Google map? Follow these steps:

For example, go to Google map.
Enter the geographic coordinates in the search box. You can enter degrees, minutes and seconds (for example 41°24’12.2″N 2°10’26.5″E), degrees and decimal minutes (41 24.2028, 2 10.4418), decimal degrees: (41.40338, 2.17403).
Click “Search” and the desired object on the map will appear in front of you.

The result will appear instantly, and the object itself will be marked on the map with a “red drop”.

Finding satellite maps with latitude and longitude coordinates is easy. You just need to enter in the Yandex or Google search window keywords, and the service will instantly give you what you need.

For example, " Satellite maps with latitude and longitude coordinates." Many sites will open providing such a service. Choose any one, click on the desired object and determine the coordinates.

Satellite maps - determining latitude and longitude coordinates

The Internet gives us great opportunities. If previously you only had to use a paper map to determine longitude and latitude, now it is enough to have a gadget with a network connection.

Video: Geographic coordinates and coordinate determination

There are many various systems coordinates. All of them serve to determine the position of points on the earth's surface. These include mainly geographic coordinates, plane rectangular and polar coordinates. In general, coordinates are usually called angular and linear quantities that define points on any surface or in space.

Geographic coordinates are angular values - latitude and longitude - that determine the position of a point on the globe. Geographic latitude is the angle formed by the equatorial plane and a plumb line at a given point on the earth's surface. This angle value shows how far a particular point on the globe is north or south of the equator.

If a point is located in the Northern Hemisphere, then its geographic latitude will be called northern, and if in the Southern Hemisphere - southern latitude. The latitude of points located on the equator is zero degrees, and at the poles (North and South) - 90 degrees.

Geographic longitude is also an angle, but formed by the plane of the meridian, taken as the initial (zero), and the plane of the meridian passing through a given point. For uniformity of definition, we agreed to consider the prime meridian to be the meridian passing through the astronomical observatory in Greenwich (near London) and call it Greenwich.

All points located to the east of it will have eastern longitude (up to the meridian 180 degrees), and to the west of the initial one will have western longitude. The figure below shows how to determine the position of point A on the earth's surface if its geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) are known.

Note that the difference in longitude of two points on Earth shows not only their mutual arrangement in relation to the prime meridian, but also the difference in these points at the same moment. The fact is that every 15 degrees (24th part of the circle) in longitude is equal to one hour of time. Based on this, it is possible to determine the time difference at these two points using geographic longitude.

For example.

Moscow has a longitude of 37°37′ (east), and Khabarovsk -135°05′, that is, lies east of 97°28′. What time do these cities have at the same moment? Simple calculations show that if it is 13 hours in Moscow, then in Khabarovsk it is 19 hours 30 minutes.

The figure below shows the design of the frame of a sheet of any card. As can be seen from the figure, in the corners of this map the longitude of the meridians and the latitude of the parallels that form the frame of the sheet of this map are written.

On all sides the frame has scales divided into minutes. For both latitude and longitude. Moreover, each minute is divided into 6 equal sections by dots, which correspond to 10 seconds of longitude or latitude.

Thus, in order to determine the latitude of any point M on the map, it is necessary to draw a line through this point, parallel to the lower or upper frame of the map, and read the corresponding degrees, minutes, seconds on the right or left along the latitude scale. In our example, point M has a latitude of 45°31’30”.

Similarly, drawing a vertical line through point M parallel to the lateral (closest to the given point) meridian of the border of a given sheet of the map, we read the longitude (eastern) equal to 43°31’18”.

Drawing a point on a topographic map at specified geographic coordinates.

Drawing a point on a map at specified geographic coordinates is done in the reverse order. First, the indicated geographic coordinates are found on the scales, and then parallel and perpendicular lines are drawn through them. Their intersection will show a point with the given geographic coordinates.

Based on materials from the book “Map and Compass are My Friends.”
Klimenko A.I.

Geographic longitude and latitude are used to accurately determine the physical location of any object on the globe. The most in a simple way Finding geographic coordinates is using a geographic map. This method requires the presence of some theoretical knowledge. How to determine longitude and latitude is described in the article.

Geographical coordinates

Coordinates in geography are a system in which each point on the surface of our planet is assigned a set of numbers and symbols that allows the precise location of that point to be determined. Geographic coordinates are expressed in three numbers - latitude, longitude and altitude above sea level. The first two coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude, are most often used in various geographical problems. The origin of the report in the geographic coordinate system is at the center of the Earth. To represent latitude and longitude, spherical coordinates are used, which are expressed in degrees.

Before considering the question of how to determine longitude and latitude by geography, you should understand these concepts in more detail.

The concept of latitude

The latitude of a specific point on the Earth's surface is understood as the angle between the equatorial plane and the line connecting this point with the center of the Earth. Through all points of the same latitude, you can draw a plane that will be parallel to the plane of the equator.

The equatorial plane is the zero parallel, that is, its latitude is 0°, and it divides the entire globe into the southern and northern hemispheres. Accordingly, the north pole lies at the parallel of 90° north latitude, and the south pole lies at the parallel of 90° south latitude. The distance that corresponds to 1° when moving along a particular parallel depends on what kind of parallel it is. As latitude increases, moving north or south, this distance decreases. Therefore, is 0°. Knowing that the circumference of the Earth at the latitude of the equator has a length of 40075.017 km, we obtain the length of 1° along this parallel equal to 111.319 km.

Latitude shows how far north or south of the equator lies given point on the surface of the Earth.

The concept of longitude

The longitude of a specific point on the Earth's surface is understood as the angle between the plane passing through this point and the Earth's axis of rotation, and the plane of the prime meridian. According to the settlement agreement, the zero meridian is the one that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, located in the southeast of England. The Greenwich meridian divides the globe into eastern and

Thus, each line of longitude passes through the north and south poles. The lengths of all meridians are equal and amount to 40007.161 km. If we compare this figure with the length of the zero parallel, we can say that geometric shape planet Earth is a ball flattened at the poles.

Longitude shows how far west or east of the prime (Greenwich) meridian a specific point on Earth lies. If latitude has a maximum value of 90° (the latitude of the poles), then the maximum value of longitude is 180° west or east of the prime meridian. The 180° meridian is known as the International Date Line.

One might wonder interesting question, the longitude of which points cannot be determined. Based on the definition of a meridian, we find that all 360 meridians pass through two points on the surface of our planet, these points are the southern and north pole.

Geographical degree

From the above figures it is clear that 1° on the Earth’s surface corresponds to a distance of more than 100 km, either along a parallel or along a meridian. For more accurate coordinates of an object, the degree is divided into tenths and hundredths, for example, they say 35.79 north latitude. This type of information is provided by satellite navigation systems such as GPS.

Conventional geographic and topographic maps represent fractions of degrees in minutes and seconds. Thus, each degree is divided into 60 minutes (denoted by 60"), and each minute is divided into 60 seconds (denoted by 60"). An analogy can be drawn here with the idea of measuring time.

Getting to know the geographic map

To understand how to determine geographic latitude and longitude on a map, you must first become familiar with it. In particular, you need to understand how longitude and latitude coordinates are represented on it. Firstly, the top part of the map shows the northern hemisphere, the bottom part shows the southern hemisphere. The numbers on the left and right sides of the map indicate latitude, and the numbers on the top and bottom of the map indicate longitude coordinates.

Before determining the latitude and longitude coordinates, you need to remember that they are presented on the map in degrees, minutes and seconds. This system of units should not be confused with decimal degrees. For example, 15" = 0.25°, 30" = 0.5°, 45"" = 0.75".

Using a geographic map to determine longitude and latitude

We will explain in detail how to determine longitude and latitude by geography using a map. To do this, you first need to purchase a standard geographic map. This map can be a map of a small area, a region, a country, a continent, or the entire world. To understand which card you are dealing with, you should read its name. At the bottom, under the name, the limits of latitude and longitude that are presented on the map can be given.

After this, you need to select a certain point on the map, some object that needs to be marked in some way, for example, with a pencil. How to determine the longitude of an object located at a selected point, and how to determine its latitude? The first step is to find the vertical and horizontal lines that lie closest to the selected point. These lines are latitude and longitude, the numerical values of which can be seen at the edges of the map. Let's assume that the selected point lies between 10° and 11° north latitude and 67° and 68° west longitude.

Thus, we know how to determine the geographic latitude and longitude of the object selected on the map with the accuracy that the map provides. In this case, the accuracy is 0.5°, both in latitude and longitude.

Determining the exact value of geographic coordinates

How to determine the longitude and latitude of a point more accurately than 0.5°? First you need to find out what scale the map you are working with is on. Typically, a scale bar is indicated in one of the corners of the map, showing the correspondence of distances on the map to distances in geographic coordinates and in kilometers on the ground.

After you have found a scale ruler, you need to take a simple ruler with millimeter divisions and measure the distance on the scale ruler. Let, in the example under consideration, 50 mm correspond to 1° latitude and 40 mm correspond to 1° longitude.

Now we position the ruler so that it is parallel to the lines of longitude drawn on the map, and measure the distance from the point in question to one of the nearest parallels, for example, the distance to the 11° parallel is 35 mm. We make a simple proportion and find that this distance corresponds to 0.3° from the 10° parallel. Thus, the latitude of the point in question is +10.3° (the plus sign means north latitude).

Similar steps should be done for longitude. To do this, place the ruler parallel to the lines of latitude and measure the distance to the nearest meridian from the selected point on the map, let’s say this distance is 10 mm to the meridian 67° west longitude. According to the rules of proportion, we find that the longitude of the object in question is -67.25° (the minus sign means western longitude).

Converting the received degrees into minutes and seconds

As stated above, 1° = 60" = 3600". Using this information and the rule of proportion, we find that 10.3° corresponds to 10°18"0". For the longitude value we get: 67.25° = 67°15"0". In this case, the proportion was used for conversion once for longitude and latitude. However, in the general case, when after using the proportion once fractional values of minutes are obtained, it should be use the proportion a second time to get the value of incremental seconds. Note that the accuracy of determining coordinates up to 1" corresponds to an accuracy on the surface of the globe equal to 30 meters.

Recording received coordinates

After the question of how to determine the longitude of an object and its latitude has been answered, and the coordinates of the selected point have been determined, they should be written down correctly. The standard form of notation is to indicate longitude after latitude. Both values must be specified with as many decimal places as possible, since this determines the accuracy of the object's location.

Defined coordinates can be represented in two different formats:

Using only the degree icon, for example +10.3°, -67.25°.
Using minutes and seconds, for example 10°18"0""N, 67°15"0""W.

It should be noted that in the case of representing geographic coordinates only using degrees, the words “north (south) latitude” and “east (west) longitude” are replaced by the corresponding plus or minus sign.

We suggest using a similar

Determining geographic coordinates - latitude and longitude on a Google Maps map (Google Maps)

Hello, dear friends of the portal site!

Tool - determination of geographical coordinates on a Google Maps map of a city, street, house, in real time. How to determine coordinates by address - latitude and longitude on a map, convenient search by coordinates in Google (Google Maps). A world map with coordinates (longitude and latitude) will allow you to find any address using already known parameters, calculate the distance between two cities/points online

Fill out the Google Maps search form - enter the city, street, house number. Type the name of any geographical feature. Or move the marker to the desired location yourself and search (click “Find”) using the coordinates of the object on the Google map. A similar search has already been used when searching in . Use the change in the scale of the diagram (the desired scale will appear in the third field from the top) to take a closer look at the location of the house on the street.

As you may have noticed, when you move a label on the diagram, the geographical parameters change. We get a kind of map with latitudes and longitudes. Previously, we have already worked on determining coordinates on the Yandex map

Using the reverse method, everyone will be able to search by coordinates in Google using known parameters. Instead of geographical name object, fill out the search form with known coordinates. The service will determine and show on the map the exact geographical location of the street or area.

Interesting places in Google Maps - online secrets from satellite

Knowing the address of any city in the world, the latitude and longitude of Washington and Santiago, Beijing and Moscow can be easily determined. accessible to both city guests and local residents. We are sure that you have already been able to master this tool on the page; by default, the map shows the center of the capital of Russia - the city of Moscow. Find your latitude and longitude on the map at the address.

We propose to find out the secrets of the Maps service Google online. The satellite will not fly past interesting historical places, each popular in a specific part of the globe.

Below you can see for yourself that the data interesting places lands deserve special attention. And the Google Maps Sputnik service is happy to offer you to find and see the most famous geographical secrets of the world. We believe that residents Samara region it will also be interesting. They already know what it looks like.

You do not need to determine their geographic coordinates and search for the necessary Google maps service. Just copy any parameters from the list below - latitude and longitude (CTRL+C).

For example, we will watch from a satellite (switch to the “Satellite” scheme type) the largest stadium in the world and Brazil - Maracana (Rio de Janeiro, Maracana). Copy the latitude and longitude from the list below:

22.91219,-43.23021

Paste it into the search form of the Google Maps service (CTRL+V). All that remains is to start the search for the object itself. A mark with the exact location of the coordinates will appear on the diagram. We remind you that you must activate the “Satellite” scheme type. Everyone will choose a scale +/- that is convenient for themselves in order to better see the stadium in Brazil

Thank you to Google Maps for the data you provided.

Cartographic data of cities in Russia, Ukraine and the world