Modern problems of science and education. Features of the education system in China Educational system in China

The education system in China requires compulsory schooling for every citizen of the country until the end of 9th grade. Considering the intensive technological and economic development of this state, many parents often think about the possibility of sending their child to study in this promising country.

In order for such an enterprise to end successfully, it is extremely important to know the key features school education in China. Moreover, its educational system is quite different from its counterpart in the Russian Federation.

Education in the Middle Kingdom usually begins at the age of 6 - it is then that parents have to decide which educational institution their child will go to. After all, the Chinese educational system assumes that a child can study in several types of educational institutions.

Watch the video: how education works in China.

These include:

• regular public schools;
• private schools;
• international schools.

The Chinese government strictly regulates the procedure for admitting foreigners to local schools, as a result of which such an opportunity is available only in relation to the best educational institutions.

State

Public schools vary greatly in terms of training and equipment, which requires a careful approach to selection educational institution. In terms of the quality of training, they are significantly inferior to their private counterparts, but the prices for their services are much lower. Moreover, even to enter first grade, a child will need to pass exams for a certain number of points.

This is how exams are conducted in Chinese schools

Private

Private schools often teach using alternative methods more typical of European and American educational institutions. If in traditional schools educational process is built on mechanical memorization and further reproduction of information, then private schools are distinguished by a non-standard approach.

International

International schools in China are among the most preferred educational institutions for foreigners, as they allow them to gradually master cultural and language features countries together with speakers of other languages. It is also worth noting that teaching in such institutions is often carried out by the best specialists in the Middle Kingdom, which makes them one of the most popular options.

At Clifford International School in Guangzhou, the education program is built in accordance with Canadian standards high school

Features of training

Education system China presupposes the presence of a specific program according to which training is carried out. It includes 12 classes, 9 of which are compulsory. Until the end of the 9th grade, the child studies for free, after which his parents will need to pay a certain fee if they intend to continue their child’s education.

The training structure is as follows:

• primary school from 1st to 6th grade;
• junior high school from 7th to 9th grade;
• complete secondary school (not compulsory).

The duration of the last stage can vary greatly, depending on the specific educational institution. Initial entrance exams await a child in first grade. Subsequent tests await him upon entering junior high school in 6 years.

Education system in China

To achieve the goal you will need to score a certain number of points. If the exam results are high, the student has the right to apply for a place at a school at the university, which significantly increases his chances of entering a specialized higher education institution in the future. At the end of 12 grades, students take a special final test, the results of which are taken into account when deciding on the admission of applicants to universities.

Important nuances

Chinese schools are characterized by an extremely high workload for students, compared to their counterparts in Europe and the Russian Federation. The main reason for this situation is the complexity of the language that students have to face. They have to memorize several thousand unique hieroglyphs, and this applies not only to pronunciation, but also to writing.

Calligraphy lesson in Chinese school

The number of students in each class directly depends on the prestige of the educational institution. In public institutions, it is not uncommon to find classes with 70–80 students, while in private institutions their number rarely exceeds 30.

To avoid overburdening children, the government has taken measures to limit the length of the school day. It was 8 hours, and physical culture spend at least 70 hours per week.

Traditional daily routine in a Chinese school:

• from 8 to 11 - classes in basic subjects;
• from 11 to 14 - lunch break, rest;
• from 14 to 16 - minor subjects.

Students often attend extracurricular classes and use the services of tutors. Due to heavy homework, schoolchildren most often go to bed closer to 12 o'clock at night. Moreover, at 7:30 am they need to be at school.

An example of a schedule for sixth grade students in one of the Chinese schools

The academic year consists of two semesters, at the end of which, students receive special final grades that reflect their performance in the disciplines. For this purpose, a 100-point scale is used, which allows assessing the student’s level of knowledge with high accuracy.

Studying in a Chinese school has a number of other interesting features:

• absenteeism of 12 or more classes without confirmation of a valid reason leads to the student’s expulsion;
• educational institutions that provide secondary education are carefully controlled by the state and receive funding for renovation of premises and technical equipment;
• Often schools are unique educational complexes, distinguished by the presence of several buildings with an impressive area.

Each of the stages of training involves certain specifics and a number of other nuances, which it is advisable to familiarize yourself with in more detail.

Pay attention to the video: education in Chinese schools.

Primary School

Upon reaching the age of 6, children go to 1st grade, and the start date for classes in China is usually considered to be September 1. The main disciplines taught at school at the initial stage are considered to be natural science, mathematics, Chinese, natural history, history and geography. In addition, the educational program also includes a number of special items. These include information about the state itself, the peoples inhabiting it, as well as a number of political information.

Lesson in junior school in China

In Chinese schools, students everywhere keep their classrooms clean and tidy. Starting from grade 3, schoolchildren begin studying in English. After a year, they begin to attend a kind of practice, which can take place both in equipped workshops and on farms.

Junior high school

Secondary school in China refers to a period of three years of study, starting from 7th to 9th grade. Upon completion, the compulsory educational part is completed, and adolescents can choose whether to continue further education. During this period, the main subjects are mathematics, physics, biology, computer science, physics, English and Chinese.

Among the non-standard subjects of this period, it is advisable to include ethics and morality, which are taught along with geography, physical education and music. In addition, in secondary school children also continue their ideological education, as well as their attendance at various clubs.

The building of the Beijing School named after. First of October

The education of foreign students is accompanied by additional Chinese language classes, followed by entrance exams in mathematics, English and Chinese. The cost of living is about 6 thousand yuan, and tuition is 28,500.

The school at the People's University is also popular due to the possibility of enrollment at any stage and the humanitarian focus of the school. After graduation, students have a significantly increased chance of enrolling in one of the university’s specialties.

The school at the People's University of China accepts foreign students from grades 1 to 12

For foreign students, the school's educational program includes a year of local language instruction, followed by entrance exams. The cost of education here is about 25 thousand yuan, and accommodation will cost 6200.

The school at East China University is considered one of the best schools in Shanghai. At the same time, it provides the opportunity to train foreign students from 12 to 18 years of age. And just like in other educational institutions that accept foreigners, this school allows students to first take a language course, after which they will have to pass certain tests.

The key advantage of the school is its excellent technical and material equipment, including swimming pools, sports facilities and laboratories. In addition, there is also a dormitory for students, which is reflected in the cost of education. It is 35 thousand yuan, and you will have to pay 5 thousand for accommodation.

The school at the famous Shanghai Jiaotong University accepts students from 15 years of age to study at the final stage. This is preceded by a six-month language course, after which students are admitted to the main program. In addition to the main disciplines, the educational program here provides preparation for further study at a university. It will cost 34,300 yuan, and accommodation will cost 4,000.

Today, looking at the successful economic policy In the Middle Kingdom, it is hard to believe that until the mid-20th century, more than 80% of its population was illiterate.

The Chinese educational system is similar to ours and includes the following levels:

Now the last two stages operate together, alternately, with a duration of study of 5 and 4, 6 and 3 or 9 years. The second one is more popular, that is, in primary school education lasts 6 years, and in junior secondary school - 3 years.

• Complete secondary school is for teenagers from 15 years old, where they will stay for 3 years.
• Postgraduate studies.

Instead of high school, the education system in China also provides the opportunity for some children to go to secondary vocational schools. They come in 2 types:

• for those who have completed junior high school, that is, teenagers aged 15-16 years. The training will be 4 (sometimes 3) years;
• for those who have a full school behind them, and these are people under the age of 22. They will have to gnaw on the granite of science for another 2 years.

In China, universities train people for a bachelor's degree for 4-5 years.

If we are talking about medical education in China, the period increases to 7-8 years. The graduate school here is a little different from ours and prepares:

• masters (2-3 years);
• Doctors of Science (3 years).

The age of the former cannot exceed 40 years, and the latter - 45.

Preschool education

Kindergartens in China are divided into:

• government;
• private.

Children aged 3 to 6 years old are sent there. Preschool Chinese education aims to prepare the child for schooling, harmonious development school curriculum. Usually in one kindergarten There are about 270 children studying, 26 people in each group. At the same time, 5% of the children stay here all night (except Wednesdays and Saturdays), the rest are taken home by their parents at 18:00 to be brought back by 8:00 in the morning. Each group of students has 2 certified teachers and 1 assistant.

Secondary education in the country

The school education system in China is fee-based and lasts 9 years. Its goal is to create a working person or prepare him for entering universities. For 6 years, the primary school teaches children Chinese literacy, basic knowledge about nature and society, and pays a lot of attention to physical education and patriotic education. From the 3rd grade, in addition to mathematics, Chinese, ethics, music and physical education, children begin to learn a foreign language. And already from the 4th grade, every year they work for 2 weeks on the farm and in workshops, and once a week they carry out social activities.

Secondary school in China means 6-7 lessons every weekday. Severe discipline involves expelling a student for missing 12 classes without a valid reason. Each classroom has its own office.

At the end of the seventh grade, students take exams in China, the results of which determine admission to school highest degree, and after her to the institute. This country has a familiar Unified State Exam, based on the results of which the best students are admitted to universities. It is held in May.

To obtain a certificate of secondary education in China, you must also pass exams in physics, languages, biology, mathematics, political science and history, computer science and chemistry.

As for vocational schools, they are designed to train personnel in China in the field of medicine, legal sciences, Agriculture. There are also special technical educational institutions that train future workers in the textile, pharmaceutical, steel and fuel industries. Agricultural sector is considered the least prestigious professional education in China, so they study there not for 4 years, but for 3.

For foreign students, there is a chance to gain knowledge in private boarding schools, after graduation from which the person will be awarded a diploma of secondary education. Such a document is usually of double type: Chinese and, for example, English. These boarding houses accept children over 9 years old. Accordingly, it is possible to study in China for Russians and representatives of other nationalities.

In Yining there is also the only Russian school in China. It represents the primary stage of education and does not have a hostel, so only children from this city are accepted here. Here lessons are taught in both Chinese and Russian. They consist of mathematics, physical education, language arts and music.

Children's education during the holidays

Children have holidays in the summer (from mid-July to the end of August) and in the winter (from January to mid-February), that is, twice a year. Here, unlike Russia, children do homework throughout the holidays, and some of them are also sent by their parents abroad for 2 weeks to visit additional educational courses, for example, to improve English.

Chinese higher education system

There are more than a hundred in the Celestial Empire state institutions and academies. Many of them are entire campuses. When most people graduate, they immediately get assigned jobs.

Regarding receiving higher education in China by foreigners, then this is also possible. You will need notarized translations, as well as copies of previously received educational documents. Some Chinese universities do not require notarization, limiting themselves to the signature of the vice-rector for international relations on the materials and affixing the official seal.

Nostrification of Russian and Chinese diplomas (that is, the procedure for recognizing foreign diplomas as equivalent) most often occurs automatically on the basis of the 1995 Agreement between states on the mutual recognition of educational documents and academic degrees. This means that citizens of one country, having received an education in it, can continue it or start working in their specialty in another.

For representatives of other states with which similar agreements have not been signed, legalization of documents will be required. It is carried out in extraterritorial representations of the issuing state, in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the Ministry of Justice.

Education for Russians

There are more than half a thousand universities in the country that have been granted the authority to accept foreign students, including those from the Russian Federation. Most of these institutions offer training in 12 basic specialties:

• agronomy,
• warfare,
• natural Sciences,
• engineering,
• story,
• mathematics,
• medicine,
• management,
• pedagogy,
• philosophy,
• economy,
• jurisprudence.

It is legal education in China that is in greatest demand. There are two main languages ​​of instruction: state and English.

Such universities have language training centers for students from other countries. At the same time, the degree of knowledge of Chinese does not matter. In 1-2 years, having mastered the language sufficiently, foreign students are allowed to master disciplines in the desired specialty. Education in China in English can also take place.

If a student does well in his studies, then he is allowed to additionally study a second specialty, different from the basic one. In this case, his diploma will indicate the points scored for both.

Postgraduate education

The graduate program here is two-level. To begin receiving a master's degree, a student must have completed a bachelor's degree. Doctoral studies accept students who have completed a master's degree. Training there takes place both on a paid and on a grant basis. To enter here, a foreigner must speak the state language at least at level 4 of the qualifying exam. You can also choose to study in English, but the cost of studying in China for this program is much higher.

The training program consists of listening to lectures, passing exams, speaking at seminars and preparing a dissertation research. Such work will be subject to verification by a plagiarism detection system; 15% of borrowed information is allowed.

About free education in China

The higher education system in China also allows education on a free basis. To get this training at an educational institution in China, a student must win a special grant (full or partial payment) for the preparation of a master's, bachelor's or doctorate, or a grant for a student studying Chinese as a specialty.

If a person applying for free education, knows perfectly official language, then he can try to achieve the HSK scholarship.

There is also a Great Wall grant, short language course programs for Chinese teachers, mayoral and other scholarships.

Russians have access to free education in China under Chinese government scholarships for accredited institutions and university scholarships.

To receive a scholarship from the Confucius Institute, you must show excellent results in the study of Chinese and culture at any of these institutes. There are about 20 of them in the Russian Federation, for example, in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Vladivostok, Irkutsk and Kazan.

Today's China is one of the most promising countries in the world. The success of the Chinese economy would not be possible without a properly organized educational system in the country.

And although China has an unemployment problem, and V big cities Tough competition, residents are proud of their state and are ready to work for its benefit, sparing no effort.

Education in ancient China depended on the social and property status of the person.

The basis of education and training was the religion and ideology of Confucianism.

The emphasis was on harsh methods. Students in an ancient Chinese school had to memorize huge treatises based on the teachings of Confucius.

Are you planning to visit the Italian capital? Find out what it is like at different times of the year, and which season is considered velvet for city tours.

Full description of Canada, its climate, features weather conditions depending on the time of year and location, read.

Now 99% of Chinese children attend school. In rural areas, the level of education in schools is still far from ideal, but it is constantly improving.

Chinese education system this moment is at a developing stage: teachers and theorists study modern methods and experience of other countries and periodically introduce adjustments to training and development programs.

Preschool education in China

Chinese family founded. Here the younger ones are subordinate to the elders, and the wives are subordinate to their husbands. However, the love for children here is limitless.

The only child in the family (the Chinese are not allowed to have more) becomes the object of adoration and reverence for all relatives.

In Chinese families, there is a widespread tradition of raising children by grandparents - parents most often do not have time to sit with their children due to being busy at work.

Preschool education carries out several types of institutions:

• kindergartens (public and private);
• nursery;
• pre-school groups;
• combined type kindergartens.

In kindergartens, children develop mainly according to national education and training programs.

Chinese kindergarten is all about games, healthy eating and teaching children social skills plus strict discipline.

In China, due to high competition, children are instilled with a super task from childhood - to be the first in everything.

In the competitiveness that the Chinese are taught from childhood, all means are good. If you are not the smartest, be the strongest, cunning, etc.

Not all children are able to get into kindergartens, despite the fact that even government agencies charge a certain fee.

In private kindergartens it is even higher and not all Chinese parents can afford it.

Upbringing and education in China, therefore, directly depends on the well-being of the family.

School education in China

The peculiarities of education in China are that Any school and especially university education here is paid.

Opinion polls show that Chinese families spend about a third of their total budget on education.

Consists of two stages.

Primary education in China receive from 6 to 12-13 years of age in primary schools.

Here students receive basic knowledge in general education subjects.

Much time is devoted to patriotic education, as well as physical education.

In general, sport in this country is part of the national cult.

From 4th grade primary school Children spend 2 weeks a school year working in workshops or on farms, where they are taught the basics of crafts and agricultural activities.

Discipline in Chinese schools is very strict. For 12 classes missed without a valid reason, the student faces immediate expulsion. Children here don’t go from class to class – teachers do that.

At the end of primary school, students hold . For those who do not pass the test, the road to a higher-level school will be closed, and with it admission to a university and the chance to get a prestigious job.

high school divided into incomplete and senior.

At the first stage, children study for 4 years.

For those who managed to obtain the right to study in high school, there are two possible directions of study.

The first is a 2-year training with the prospect of entering vocational schools, the second is a 4-year training with the possibility of further education at a university.

In vocational schools you can study to become agricultural specialists, etc. Medical education in China you can also get it in secondary specialized technical schools.

Schools in the People's Republic of China operate a system of universal state exam . Students with the best results are admitted to universities. Russia borrowed from China the practice of the Unified State Exam as a way of objectively assessing students’ knowledge.

Higher education in China

Having a higher education in China is very prestigious. In this country 3 types of universities:

1. professional higher schools;
2. universities.

In order to achieve economic modernization, Chinese universities have focused on engineering, economics and Technical science, as well as computer technology and industry.

Chinese universities are divided into multidisciplinary and single-disciplinary.

In educational institutions of the second type, specialized technical specialties are obtained. General universities teach the humanities and sciences.

Competitions for some universities in China – 100 people per 1 place. Admission to such a university is a real achievement for a Chinese applicant.

The standard training period is 4-5 years. The graduate is awarded the title of bachelor.

There are also art and music schools in China.

Excellent musical education in China, which is quoted all over the world, can be obtained at the Shanghai or Beijing Conservatories.

Education in China is quite accessible for Russians: just write to the university on the Internet and send them the Unified State Exam results.

Most students from Russia study Chinese here.

It would not be entirely correct to assume that China's phenomenal economic success is caused only by stimulating exports and creating a favorable investment climate. The reform of local education played a positive role in the development of the country. IN last years Studying in China is becoming increasingly popular among foreigners. Large foreign companies operating in the field of international trade or just planning to enter the Chinese market need specialists who know Chinese or are familiar with the specifics of local legislation.

Benefits of Chinese Education

Despite the fact that the education system in China is in many ways similar to the Russian one, it is still not worth equating them. Differences exist both in the workload for each student and in the number of subjects taught. However, if parents currently working in China have minor children, then it would be in their interests to do everything possible to ensure that their child is able to learn Chinese. Subsequently, this will give him a significant advantage in finding a job and in his career.

Today there are no problems in terms of obtaining secondary education. A school with Russian language of instruction exists in Beijing (at the Russian Embassy), as well as in Guangzhou (primary). If they wish to learn Chinese, Russian citizens can enroll in training courses. Their monthly fees range from $100 to $200.

When considering the possibility of obtaining higher education in China, one should not forget about one more important advantage - the cost of studying at Chinese universities is 10-20 times lower than in Western Europe or USA. At the same time, many higher educational institutions have special groups for foreign students, where teaching and exams are held in English.

Study in China

In 1985, an educational reform was launched in the PRC, which subsequently somewhat modified the school and preschool education. In particular, secondary education was divided into three levels, two of which became compulsory. The rights and opportunities for graduates to enter higher education institutions have been significantly expanded. The number of preschool institutions gradually began to increase.

Preschool education

As in Russia, preschool education in China is partially paid. Most of the costs of paying teachers and other personnel are borne by the state; parents only pay the cost of feeding their child.

The Chinese kindergarten accepts children starting from the age of 3. The training period is three years - from 3 to 6 years. Each kindergarten has age groups:

• initial;
• average;
• older.

Most public kindergartens not only provide day care for children, but also prepare them for school by teaching simple arithmetic operations and hieroglyphs. If parents want to more thoroughly prepare their child for first grade or are interested in him learning English, then in many cities there are private preschool institutions for this purpose.

The academic year in all Chinese schools begins on September 1. Primary education in China is compulsory for all children starting at age 6. Only in some remote and rural areas schools are accepted from the age of 7.

The duration of primary school education is 6 years. Admission to first grade is based on test results. This allows you to identify the most capable students in advance.

The Chinese school has some differences from the Russian one primary education. For example, in rural areas, many educational institutions do not have a heating system, which forces students to sit in classrooms in outerwear in winter. Every day in schools in the PRC they conduct exercises, after which a line is held with the raising of the flag.

The primary school curriculum includes:

• Chinese;
• natural history;
• mathematics;
• history;
• music;
• drawing;
• physical education;
• geography;
• work;
• political information and ethics of behavior.

Sometimes lessons are supplemented with work on cleaning the school grounds and excursions.

Secondary education

To accurately answer the question of how children study in China, it is necessary to take into account the division of the period of study into stages (levels). The first of these is primary school, which lasts 6 years. Then, at approximately 12 years of age, children move to the first level of secondary school. Like primary classes, it is mandatory.

Only then, after grade 9, does the student have the opportunity to choose: to continue his education in high school(grades 10-12) or switch to vocational (special) training. This choice is very conditional. The opportunity to obtain a complete secondary education is provided to the student based on the results of final exams. If a teenager does not do well in basic subjects, no one will take him to 10th grade.

First level

Chinese high school has some characteristic differences when compared with the Russian education system. For example, in the PRC it is common practice to fill classes with 35-40 students. In addition, a typical school day in China lasts not until 2 p.m., but until 4 p.m. Moreover, it is divided into two parts: from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m., children study basic subjects—algebra, Chinese and foreign languages, physics, geography, etc. Then a whole hour is allotted for lunch and rest, after which, from 14 to 16 hours, teachers teach lessons in secondary subjects: drawing, physical education, singing, music. From the 7th grade, the list of compulsory subjects is supplemented with computer science.

Testing is often used to test knowledge. Students are graded on a 100-point system, but they are designated not by numbers, but by one of the Latin letters: from A to F, in descending order. The highest grade is A. It corresponds to 90 points. If the teacher wants to reward the student, he can add a few extra points to the grade.

Second level

After finishing 9th grade, the student takes final exams, on the basis of which the form of his further education is determined. Satisfactory test results allow the student to move on to the second level of secondary education. In other countries it is usually called senior classes.

As in Russia, in the 10th grade, students are divided by profile. There are only two of them:

• academic profile (in-depth study of subjects required for admission to a university);
• vocational and technical profile (training for admission to technical or agro-industrial colleges).

Receiving secondary education ends after 12th grade. Considering that Chinese children enter first grade at six years old, the age of graduates does not exceed 18 years.

Special

In addition to the usual educational schools, China has a wide network of vocational schools. Admission to these educational institutions is carried out after completing 9th grade. Vocational schools train qualified specialists for state and private enterprises with the further prospect of obtaining a specialty as an engineer. But for this, a vocational school graduate will also have to study in college.

Another type of special education is evening schools, where adult citizens can obtain a certificate on the job. Distance learning is also very popular. It is indispensable for those schoolchildren who live in remote areas and do not have the opportunity to attend classes every day.

Living and studying in China: Video

Structure of higher education

Despite the fact that the number of universities in China exceeds 2,500, higher education is not available to all school graduates. Firstly, the objective obstacle is big competition for prestigious specialties at universities. Sometimes from 200 to 300 applicants apply for one student place.

Secondly, those school graduates who were unable to get a government-funded place at a university can receive higher education only on a paid basis. Many families cannot afford this.

However, the number of students in public and private universities in China is increasing every year. As of 2017, the number of students at universities and institutes exceeds 20 million people. The vast majority of students study for free, paying only for their accommodation in the dormitory.

Higher education in China can be obtained by completing a bachelor's degree and then a master's degree. If the master meets the requirements of the university, he can continue his studies in doctoral studies, which opens the way to obtaining an academic degree. The following stages of training are allocated:

• Bachelor's degree – 3-5 years:
• Master's degree – 2-3 years;
• Doctoral studies – 3 years.

Popular educational institutions in China

Behind Lately The quality of higher education in China has noticeably improved. This is evidenced by the fact that at the end of last year, 23 Chinese universities were included in the top 500 universities in the world. According to this indicator, China is second only to the USA, Great Britain and Germany.

Universities in Beijing and Shanghai are considered the most popular among local applicants. However, this does not mean that all excellent students strive to enter only these two educational institutions. Do not forget that the competition for prestigious specialties in Chinese universities is huge. Therefore, most graduates, realistically assessing their chances of admission, choose to study at largest city own or neighboring province.

The best universities in China, in addition to Beijing and Shanghai, are concentrated in several megacities that are regional centers. If we take into account the formal ranking of Chinese universities, it looks like this:

1. Tsinghua University (Beijing);
2. Peking University;
3. Fudan University (Shanghai);
4. Sun Yat-sen University (Zhongshan);
5. Shanghai Jiaotong University;
6. Chongqing University;
7. Nanjing University;
8. Fudan University.

These universities provide a full range of educational services, from obtaining a bachelor's degree to doctoral studies. If a graduate is interested in technical colleges, then they can enroll in almost any large or medium-sized city in China.

Cost of education

Whereas higher education in Beijing and Shanghai is at a relatively high level, many foreigners, including from Russia, are interested in how much it costs to study in China.

Despite the fact that in China higher education for local citizens is mostly free (there are budgetary and paid forms of education), this does not apply to foreigners. They cannot do so on ordinary grounds. The only exception is receiving a government grant or participating in an exchange program. For everyone else, a paid form of training is available.

The cost of an academic year at a Chinese university remains relatively reasonable compared to many other countries - from 2000 to 4000 US dollars. The indicated amount does not include payment for accommodation in the hostel. That's about an extra $1,000 a year.

International student exchange programs

The Chinese authorities traditionally declare openness in the scientific and educational sphere. This also applies to student exchanges with other countries.

In practice, this means that a full-time Russian student can apply to participate in an exchange program with a Chinese university. Of course, count on training in the most prestigious universities Beijing or Shanghai are not worth it, but provincial universities in China willingly participate in such programs. For Russian student At the very least, this will be an excellent opportunity to improve your Chinese language skills. Moreover, under the terms of the exchange program there is no tuition fee.

Excellent students who speak Chinese or English have an advantage to participate in the exchange. To begin the procedure, the applicant needs to submit an application to the dean’s office of his university. If the educational institution participates in the exchange program, you will also have to prepare:

• an extract from the grade book for the entire period of study at the university;
• medical certificate of the established form;
• recommendations from teachers.

How can a foreigner enter college?

In recent years, studying in China has become very popular for Russians, given not only the relatively low cost of education, but also the opportunity to qualify for a preferential student exchange program. In addition, there is another way to go to study in China for free. This option involves applying for a grant from the PRC government.

It is worth considering that this opportunity is available only to those who want to improve their Chinese language. In other words, an applicant for a grant for free education must master it at least at the everyday level.

To apply to study at a Chinese university or college, you must send an email to the address listed on the official website of the educational institution. The response will include information about current programs for foreign students. As a rule, they all require payment in one amount or another. Applicants for free education in China should contact the dean's office of their Russian university or look for information on the website of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China.

Required documents

If your application to study in the PRC has been approved, the university will send detailed instructions on what documents are required for enrollment as a student. Typically this list includes:

• international passport;
• extract from the grade book (for students);
• extract from the certificate of secondary education (for applicants);
• medical certificate;
• a copy of the payment receipt.

All documents issued in Russian must have a notarized translation into English or Chinese.

Scholarships and grants

As of 2020, the following grants for training foreign students exist in China:

• Confucius Scholarship (for those who wish to study Chinese);
• Government scholarship CSC (for bachelors of Russian universities wishing to obtain a master's degree in China).

Student accommodation

Living conditions for students at Chinese universities can be called Spartan. In any case, they are much worse than in Russia. For example, rooms for students are designed for 5-6 people. There is one kitchen per floor, and at 10 pm or 11 pm the electricity throughout the hostel is centrally turned off. Girls and boys live in separate buildings.

There are still certain concessions for foreign students. Usually they are accommodated in dormitories, where the rooms are designed for 2-3 people, and a kitchen and bathroom are available in each block of 3-4 rooms. But the cost of such privileges will be higher than for locals. If Chinese students pay 200-500 dollars a year for a dormitory, then a foreigner will have to pay about 1000 dollars.

Applying for a student visa

The main condition for obtaining a study visa is a study contract or the provision of financial guarantees. If there are no problems with the financial issue, the future student will need to contact one of the Chinese consulates operating in Russia.

Chinese diplomatic missions accept documents within the boundaries of their consular district. In practice, this means that a citizen of the Russian Federation who is officially registered in the Far Eastern federal district, can apply for a student visa only in Khabarovsk, but not in Moscow, St. Petersburg or Irkutsk. Despite the fact that Chinese consulates also operate in the listed cities, failure to comply with this rule will lead to rejection of the application.

A study visa to China has categories X1 or X2. In the first case, the planned duration of training is more than 6 months, in the second - less than 6 months.

List of documents

The list of documentation required to obtain a study visa includes:

• international passport;
• certificate of secondary education;
• a college or university diploma (for those who already have one higher or secondary specialized education);
• color photo 3.5 by 4.5 cm;
• IELTS or TOEFL results (for those planning to study in English);
• HSK (Chinese language proficiency test) result;
• medical certificate of the established form;
• letters of recommendation (if possible);
• a copy of the training contract or a certificate of financial guarantees.

Is it possible to extend

A student visa is issued for the period of study specified in the contract, with a corridor of 1-2 months for arrival and settlement. In most cases, university students are issued an annual X1 visa. If a student arrives in the PRC for short-term language courses for less than 180 days, he will be issued an entry permit of category X2.

Extension of a student visa is allowed based on the presentation of documents confirming such a need. University students' visas are renewed annually without the need to leave China. To do this, you need to contact your local migration service.

Internship and job search after graduation

Successful completion of a Chinese university or institute does not mean that the graduate will automatically find a well-paid job in Russia or China. But no one will deny that a diploma from a Chinese university provides significant advantages in finding vacancies.

To do this, you can use popular job sites. Some of them are English speaking, i.e. designed for foreigners temporarily staying in China. Others only have the Chinese version. However, for graduates of a local university, language proficiency will not be a problem. Some of the most famous job search sites in China include: The Beijiner, CareerBuilder, ChinaJob, ExpatJobsChina.

You can also find work in China by browsing the websites of large local companies. Some of them have a special section for current vacancies.

Do not forget that many Russian companies need qualified specialists to work in their Chinese branch. To apply for such a position, you need to view vacancies on Russian employment sites or subscribe to the newsletter.

The completion of the Cultural Revolution in China was marked by a change in the education system. It was reoriented taking into account the modernization of the economy in the future. 40 years have passed since that moment. The results are amazing, and the number of foreign students wishing to study in China is increasing every year.

Chinese early childhood education system

The system of educating children before they enter school is organized in China on the basis of the principles laid down by the education reform of 1985. In particular, according to the plans of this reform, preschool institutions were supposed to provide:

• state enterprises,
• production teams,
• municipal authorities,
• communities and social groups.

The government has announced that sponsorship of preschool education depends on both private organizations and is part of the social services of various government organizations. The 1985 reform provided for the introduction of paid preschool education, as well as strengthening the training of educators.

Chinese kindergartens

Chinese children usually start attending kindergarten at the age of 3. The final age of preschool education is 6 years. Three-year period kindergarten, as a rule, is divided into three stages. The first stage is the initial group (Xiaoban). Second phase - middle group(Zhongban). Third stage - senior group(Daban). Each group is given 1 year to complete.

Most Chinese kindergartens provide full-time child care. Children are provided with three meals a day and comfortable living conditions. The majority of educators are trained as primary school teachers. Therefore in Chinese preschool institutions The quality of education is at a high level. Children not only play and relax, but also develop intellectually, learn to dance, sing, draw, and do simple work.

Primary Chinese school

Children who have reached the age of six are traditionally sent to primary school. However, in some rural areas of China, children begin to learn to read and write at age 7. Primary education is compulsory for all citizens of the country. The period of study in primary school lasts 6 years.

Most institutions teach lessons in Chinese. True, there are also schools where representatives of national minorities study. If national minorities predominate in such a school, the Chinese language fades into the background, giving way to the language of the national minority.

The standard academic year is two semesters. Starts in September and ends in July. Classes take place five days a week. Compulsory subjects Chinese primary school courses are:

• Chinese,
• mathematics,
• social science,
• natural history,
• physical training,
• ideology and morality,
• music,
• drawing,
• work.

Studying foreign languages at the primary school stage it is mainly organized on an optional basis. Completion of primary school occurs at the age of 12–13 years. Graduates before 1990 took the final exam, as a rule, in two subjects - Chinese language and mathematics. The exam is now cancelled. After primary school, children enter the first level of secondary school.

Secondary education in China (first level)

China's secondary education system is conventionally represented by two levels - lower (first) and upper (second). The lower level is designed for three years of study from 12 to 15 years old and is actually the final stage of compulsory education. Parents of students are given three options for choosing a specific school:

• using computer sampling,
• independently, taking into account all wishes,
• with reference to place of residence.

Computer sampling is a random assignment of schools. The institutions selected in this way provide only standard educational conditions. Independent choice allows you to find a school with good infrastructure and services that meet the needs of the student’s parents. However, in this case, education costs will increase due to additional services. Choosing a school near your place of residence reduces costs by saving on transportation, but does not always guarantee the desired quality of education.

During the 3 years of lower secondary school, Chinese students study at least 13 core subjects:

1. Chinese.
2. Mathematics.
3. English language.
4. Physics.
5. Chemistry.
6. History.
7. Political science.
8. Geography.
9. Biology.
10. Computer science.
11. Music.
12. Drawing.
13. Physical education.

At the end of the course, you must score a total of at least 60 assessment points in all subjects. These are the conditions for admission to the final exams.. Students who fail to score the arithmetic average of 60 points are retained for the second year. Typically, the following subjects are assigned to the exam:

• Chinese,
• mathematics,
• chemistry,
• physics,
• foreign language,
• political science.

Successfully passing the exam and, as a result, receiving a certificate completes the cycle of the compulsory Chinese education program. Next, the road opens to additional secondary education - the upper level of secondary school.

Secondary education in China (second level): student reviews

China's upper secondary school level is a further improvement of compulsory education. Education here begins at the age of 15 and continues until the age of 18–19. Applicants are offered a choice of two types of education - academic or vocational. Tuition is paid. The average cost of studying per year is 4-6 thousand yuan.

Video about living and studying in China

The majority of students choose a vocational and technical direction. This option ultimately gives you a better chance of finding a job after completing your studies. It should be noted that the upper level high school is highly popular among the Chinese population. The interest is quite understandable: it is easier for graduates of such schools to enter colleges and universities, plus there is the opportunity to acquire a labor specialty.

Secondary level secondary school curriculum:

• Chinese,
• English (or optionally Russian, Japanese),
• physics,
• chemistry,
• biology,
• geography,
• story,
• ethics and morals,
• information Technology,
• healthcare,
• physical Culture and sport.

Top-level high schools in China are overcrowded. Therefore, despite the two days off established by the government (Saturday, Sunday), many institutions work according to their own schedule. Often additional lessons are held in the early morning and late evening, as well as on weekends.

...My daughter is a citizen of the Russian Federation and has been living in China since she was 2 years old. This year he graduates from the 12th grade of secondary school. There were no problems with documents when enrolling in school, but now a Chinese ID number is required to pass final exams and enter a university...

http://polusharie.com/index.php?topic=3614.msg1452300#msg1452300

…1) You need to get a diploma from the school you graduate from. 2) Prove your foreign citizenship (not only by having a foreign passport, but also by the fact that the child lived in the Russian Federation for up to 2 years. 3) Submit documents to a Chinese university as a foreigner (HSK required)…

http://polusharie.com/index.php?topic=3614.msg1452820#msg1452820

Special education

Upper secondary schools are essentially special education institutions. Most of the graduates of such educational institutions are well-trained workers.

At the same time, this same level of education is a launching pad for continuing studies within higher educational programs. Thus, the Chinese Ministry of Education has opened up access to NCEE (American National Council on Economic Education) programs for high school graduates and the opportunity to enroll in any Chinese university.

The category of special education in China is supplemented by higher schools for adults whose age is above 35–40 years, as well as schools distance learning. This also includes educational institutions for underdeveloped children and those who have physiological defects (visual impairment, hearing impairment, etc.).

Higher education system

Today in China there are about 2.5 thousand institutions of higher education, where more than 20 million students study, including foreigners. Traditionally, higher education institutions accept applicants aged 18 and older. In this case, the applicant must have completed vocational, technical, academic education or completed a course of preparation for higher education.

Similar to other systems high school world, Chinese universities prepare bachelors, masters, and doctors of science. Educational program Bachelors take 4 years of study. A master's degree requires another 3 years of study. Approximately the same period - 3 years - is required to acquire a doctorate degree.

The Chinese higher education system consists of a number of institutions (universities and colleges) of different types:

• general and technical,
• specialized,
• professional,
• military,
• medical.

The entrance exam system in Chinese universities is very strict.. This factor allowed the Chinese to qualitatively filter the flow of applicants and enroll well-prepared students. Competition among applicants to higher education institutions in China is very high.

However, there are some relaxations for foreign students. The Chinese government has developed a special “Education Plan in China”, according to which the authorities have been given the task of attracting more than 500 thousand foreign students by the end of 2020. Each new academic year this plan is successfully implemented.

The academic year for the higher education system is divided into two semesters. The first semester begins in early September and lasts 20 weeks. The second semester begins in mid-February and also lasts 20 weeks. For the entire period of study, not counting summer and winter holidays, students are given 4 days off. One day to celebrate the New Year and three days to celebrate the National Day.

...To enter any Chinese university, you need to pass the HSK Chinese language test. Then only for a profession. Studying there is difficult and not cheap. First of all, you need to understand why you need a Chinese education...

fyfcnfcbz

https://forum.sakh.com/?sub=1045189&post=29421394#29421394

Cost of studying in China

The total cost of studying at higher institutions in China should be divided into the registration fee and the tuition fee itself. Depending on the type and prestige of the establishment, both amounts may be different. In most cases, the registration fee ranges from $90-200, and the annual tuition fee ranges from $3300-9000.

Naturally, living expenses must be added to these amounts. For students, the cost of living in cities - Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou - will be approximately $700–750 per month. For others settlements In China, living costs range from $250–550 per month.

Accommodation for foreign students in China

For foreign students (including Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Kazakhstanis), accommodation in the Middle Kingdom can be organized in one of three ways:

1. Student hostel.
2. Flat rent.
3. Accommodation with a local family.

Most foreign students prefer student dormitories. It is worth noting that the lion's share of Chinese universities and colleges own comfortable and well-equipped student dormitories, since all institutions are interested in actively settling students.

…I came to China right after school. Even when I was in 11th grade, I already knew where I wanted to go; fortunately, I never had any problems with my studies. Many thanks to my parents, with whose financial help I was able to come here...

http://pikabu.ru/story/ucheba_v_kitae_3851593

Standard accommodation in such a dormitory is separate rooms for one or two students with a bathroom and toilet. The room has a TV, refrigerator, washing machine, internet. However, living in such conditions is paid - from $400 to $1,500 per year, depending on the level of service.

Video: overview of student dormitory infrastructure

For example, living in a university dormitory in Beijing or Shanghai will cost a student $1,000 per double occupancy or $1,500 for a single room. In smaller Chinese cities like Qingdao or Dalian, tariffs are almost half as much. At the same time, renting an apartment is cheaper for a student. In Beijing and Shanghai $250–300, and in Qingdao or Dalian $100–200 per month.

Meanwhile, to live outside the student dormitory, you must obtain appropriate permission. So even if a student has plans to rent housing, he will have to agree on this option with the university coordinator. Independent solution changing a dormitory to a rented apartment can lead to disputes with the administration, including expulsion from the university.

Popular educational institutions in China

1. Sun Yat-sen University (Zhongshan University).
2. Peking University.
3. Fudan University.
4. Tsing-Hua University.
5. Huawen College (Vocational School of China).
6. College of Computer Science and Engineering (Information Engineering Vocational College).

Sun Yat-sen University is located in Guangdong Province. This is one of the leading Chinese universities. Students are provided with an extensive range of training programs in the humanities, in the fields of natural, technical, and social sciences. Here they teach medicine, pharmaceuticals, and the intricacies of management.

Peking University is also included in the list of the largest educational institutions in China. The structure of the educational institution is 30 colleges, 12 faculties, hundreds of different specializations. The university has at its disposal research centers, the largest library. The university is a member of the international network - Universities21.

Fudan University was initially positioned as a public school of higher education. This is the oldest educational institution, founded in 1905. The university has 19 institutes and a total of 70 faculties.

Tsinghua University is an educational institution from among the Chinese "C-9 League" - nine elite universities in the country. This is something similar to the American “The Ivy League”. Consistent first place in the National Ranking of Universities in China and a comfortable campus in a picturesque natural location.

Huawen College is a vocational higher education institution. Here students are taught Chinese and trained in various specialties. Classrooms The colleges are equipped with modern equipment. There are 26 research laboratories.

The College of Computer Science and Engineering was created on the basis of the Institute of Finance. The establishment has the status of a state institution special purpose. It trains specialists of a wide range of profiles, including programmers, technologists, and managers.

Photo gallery: Popular Chinese colleges and universities

Tsinghua University is the prototype of the American “The Ivy League” Fudan University is the oldest educational institution, founded in 1905 Peking University is the largest educational institution in China Sun Yat-sen University is one of the leading Chinese universities Automotive College in Guangzhou is located in Northern China on the basis of a technological university

...We went to college with our son to help him settle in an unfamiliar place at first. Representatives of the college greeted us very warmly, placed us in a room with hotel conditions, with air conditioning, good furniture...

Eugene

http://www.portalchina.ru/feedback.html?obj=10729

...So, I'm already starting classes. In Nanning, I was met by a Chinese woman who studied in Moscow and put me up in a dormitory. By the way, there is a very very beautiful area here, typical South Chinese mountains, like in the pictures, and rice fields, there are mangoes, tangerines, bananas, apples. You can go to Beihai to the beach...

Sergey

http://www.chinastudy.ru/opinions/show/id/17

What are the requirements for foreigners upon admission?

The Chinese Ministry of Education imposes the following requirements on foreigners wishing to enroll in a higher education institution:

1. Applicants must have qualifications that meet the requirements for secondary education.
2. The applicant must have guarantees of funding for studies in China.
3. Prospective students will need a certificate confirming their level of education and a student or visitor visa.
4. A candidate to study in China must confirm his lack of criminal record with a notarized certificate endorsed (signed) at the Chinese Embassy.
5. If a student arrives in China under a transfer program from a foreign educational institution to a Chinese university, he must have a certificate from the administration of the foreign university confirming the fact of the transfer.

Required documents

It is necessary to make high-quality copies of documents. Each copy of the document must have a duplicate in Chinese or English, certified by a notary. As a rule, Chinese universities and colleges, in addition to the applicant’s personal application, require copies of the following documents:

• foreign passport,
• certificate of secondary education,
• diploma from a domestic vocational school or university.

You will also need:

• photo size 4.8x3.3 cm,
• list of subjects studied at school (university),
• IELTS or TOEFL results (for English-language programs),
• HSK (Chinese Language Qualification Test) result,
• medical examination results,
• one or two letters of recommendation,
• certificate of financial guarantees.

Separate requirements apply to applicants under 18 years of age. Parents of such applicants must draw up a power of attorney for an adult living in China. This person must act as a guarantor for the minor student. For students over 18 years of age, only a letter of guarantee from parents, signed and notarized, will be required.

Video: what documents do applicants need?

Scholarship and Grants for International Students

Since 1986, the Chinese Ministry of Education has approved the implementation new system scholarships and grants for university and college students. The peculiarity is that scholarships are primarily intended for students who are unable to cover living expenses. The main factors for granting a scholarship are good academic performance, compliance with Chinese state laws, and discipline.

Financial assistance to students is provided by the China Industrial and Commercial Bank. The institution issues long-term education loans at low interest rates. The Chinese government has approved three categories of students who are entitled to financial assistance in the form of scholarships and long-term loans:

1. The best students who have achieved high academic results.
2. Students mastering specializations in the fields of education, agriculture, forestry, maritime navigation, and sports.
3. Students who, upon completion of their studies, expressed a desire to work in remote border areas of China, as well as in places with difficult working conditions.

Scholarships at Chinese universities can reach $2,000 per year. Free education, meals, and accommodation are provided to students of military schools. However, after completing their studies, graduates of such universities are required to undergo military service for at least 5 years. Students who have received agricultural, industrial, and narrow specialties through bank loans are sent to work after graduation and repay the debt by deductions from wages.

Visa requirements for students

There are two types of visas available for students - Form X1 and Form X2. The only difference between the two documents is the validity period. The first is issued for 30 days, the second for 180. Documents for registration:

1. Foreign passport with OVIR stamp.
2. Applicant's questionnaire in the prescribed form.
3. A certificate from the bank administration confirming the availability of the necessary funds (at least $100 per day of stay in China).
4. Certificate of completed medical examination.
5. Standard visa photographs.
6. Scanned copy of travel documents (air, train tickets).
7. Consular fees paid.

Please note: the visa does not give the right to refuse registration of temporary stay 24 hours after arrival in China. If registration is not completed during this time, you may face a fine of 200 to 2000 yuan or even eviction from the country.

Courses during study and employment prospects

Courses during training are an integral part educational process for almost every foreign student. It is very rare that students who have a thorough command of the Chinese language go to China. Therefore at least one extra year have to spend on Chinese language courses.

However, there are many Chinese universities where the educational process is conducted in English. For English-speaking students, this is a plus, but Russian-speaking students will still have to attend English language courses if they do not have such knowledge. Language classes- this is, one might say, an additional part of Chinese education by default. This topic is relevant for different levels of education, which require different levels of HSK (Chinese Language Proficiency Test).

As for job prospects, not everything is as smooth as we would like. China is a country with a large population. The issue of work for residents of the country is extremely tense. Therefore, the local population tries to find employment first. Foreign citizens - graduates of colleges and universities - fade into the background. The exception is very good specialists. However, it is clear that immediately after graduation, even a person who has perfect knowledge is worthless without good practice.

Working in China while on a student visa is strictly prohibited. If this fact becomes known to the university or the authorities, you will simply be deprived of your visa and given some time to leave China.

Pros and cons of Chinese education (final table)

pros	Minuses
Learning original Chinese	It takes a lot of time and effort to learn a language
High requirements for discipline and stability in attending classes	Study groups are often overcrowded with students
Good living conditions in student dormitories	Fairly high cost of living in student dormitories
The usual training schedule is before lunch, then free time	Almost all your free time should be spent learning the language.
University graduates receive a high-level education	It is difficult to get a job in China in your specialty without having experience

Get a good education It's difficult in China. The first reason for this is the need to speak Chinese. It often takes years to learn a language to an advanced level. But if you can do this, foreign student acquires education at a completely different level. And along with the unique Chinese education, naturally, a different standard of living is formed.