Past Indefinite (Simple) is translated into Russian as past indefinite (simple) time. Past Simple is usually used to express actions that were performed in the past and have no connection with the present period of time. This time has its own time indicators that help us determine that we have Past Simple. These include:

• yesterday - yesterday
• last Monday / week / month / year – last Monday / last week / last month / year
• a minute / hour / day / week / month / year ago – minute / hour / day / week / month / year ago
• in 2012 – in 2012
• on the 12th of March – March 12th (specific date)
• that Tuesday / day / night / evening / week / month / year – on that Tuesday / that day / that night / that evening / that week / that month / that year

As a rule, when constructing sentences in the Past Simple, these markers appear either at the beginning of the sentence or at the very end.

Yesterday we went to the zoo. – Yesterday we went to the zoo.

We had a big party last Saturday. – We had a big party last Saturday.

Past Simple is used in the following cases:

1. to denote simple facts relating to the past tense

The house stood on a hill. — The house stood on a hill.

She was beautiful. - She was beautiful.

2. to indicate habitual actions in the past

In summer I always got up at 7 o’clock. – In the summer I always got up at 7 o’clock.

On Sunday evening they went for a walk in the park. On Sunday evenings they walked in the park.

He usually took the first train in the morning. – Usually he didn’t take the first train in the morning.

3. to indicate a sequence of actions in the past.

He got up, washed his face, cleaned his teeth, put on his uniform and went to school. – He got up, washed his face, brushed his teeth, put on his uniform and went to school (that is, he performed all the actions one after another).

The car stopped, the door opened and a pretty girl got out of it. “The car stopped, the door opened, and a nice girl got out of the car.

4. To denote actions that occurred at a certain moment, with verbs that are not used in the Continuous form (action in progress).

He believed in God at that time. “At that time he believed in God.

Past Indefinite (Simple) – past indefinite (simple) tense. Past Simple is usually used to express actions that were performed in the past and have no connection with the present period of time.

Affirmative sentences in the Past Simple are constructed as follows:

The word order in negative sentences is as follows:

Interrogative sentences in English language it is necessary to construct it as follows: 1. auxiliary verb 2. subject 3. semantic verb 4. minor members offers:

Did you like the film you saw yesterday? – Did you like the film you watched yesterday?

If the question appears question word, then it must be put in first place, and then everything else:

What did you do yesterday? - What did you do yesterday?

There are two categories of verbs in English: regular and irregular. Most of them are regular verbs. Regular verbs in the Past Simple form II and III forms using the ending –ed.

There are some rules for adding and pronouncing the ending –ed.

Rules for adding the –ed ending:

1. If the verb ends in –e, then only the ending –d is added:

   
   free – freed (to release)

2. In all other cases, you must add the ending –ed:

   stay – stayed (stay)
   talk – talked (talk, chat)

3. The final consonant is doubled if it is alone and if it comes after a short and stressed vowel:

   nod – nodded (nod)
   
   stir – stirred (stir)
   permit – permitted (allow)
   refer – referred (refer)
   compel – forced (to force)

4. The final consonant –l is doubled even if it comes after an unstressed vowel (British English):

   travel – traveled (to travel)
   cancel – cancelled

5. Some verbs ending in a voiceless consonant –p also undergo doubling:

   kidnap – kidnapped (kidnap)
   handicap – handicapped (to hinder)
   worship – worshiped (worship)

6. If the verb ends in -y, and it is preceded by a consonant, then -y changes to -i, and we add the ending -ed:

   cry – cried (cry, scream)
   reply – replied (reply)

Rules for pronunciation of the ending –ed.

The ending –ed has three pronunciation options:

1. - If the verb ends with consonants [d] or [t]:

   skate – skated (skate)
   chat – chatted (chat)
   decide – decided (to decide)
   end – ended (to finish)

2. [d] – If the verb ends with a voiced consonant, except [d]:

   live – lived (to live)
   travel – traveled (to travel)
   change – changed (change)

3. [t] – If the consonant ends with a voiceless consonant, except [t]:

   talk – talked (talk)
   stop – stopped
   wish – wished (to wish)
   place – placed

Among the regular verbs, a number of the most common ones can be identified:

Agree - Agree
Allow - Allow
Answer - Answer
Ask - Ask
Believe - Believe
Borrow - Borrow
Call - Call
Carry - To carry
Change - Change
Close - Close
Cook - Cook
Copy - Copy
Dance - Dance
Decide - Decide
Discuss - Discuss
Explain - Explain
Finish - Finish
Follow - Follow
Happen - To happen
Help - Help
Learn - Study
Like - Like
Listen - Listen
Live - Live
Look - Watch
Move - Move
Need - Need
Open - Open
Play - Play
Promise - Promise
Remember - Remember
Start - Start
Stop - Stop
Study - Learn
Suggest - Offer
Talk - Talk
Travel - Travel
Try - Try
Turn - Turn
Use - Use
Wait - Wait
Walk - Walk
Watch - Watch
Work - Work
Worry - To worry

Examples of using regular verbs in the Past Simple:

Mary agreed to become Bill’s wife in 2006. – Mary agreed to become Bill’s wife in 2006.

In June we decided to go to Germany. – In June we decided to go to Germany.

We started to learn English six years ago. – We started learning English six years ago.

Last week we moved to another flat. – Last week we moved to a new apartment.

He didn't help me when I was sick. “He didn’t help me when I was sick.”

At the exam the teacher asked me many questions. – During the exam, the teacher asked me a lot of questions.

When did you buy your bike? – When did you buy your bike?

We saw this film last month. – We watched this film last month.

They discussed the problem during the meeting. – They discussed the problem during the meeting.

U irregular verbs Form II is formed differently: the form of the word may change completely (go – went – ​​go), some verbs I and II forms may coincide (put – put) and so on. In any case, irregular verbs should be memorized.

Past Simple is translated as “simple past”. This tense would be really simple if it weren't for the irregular verbs. If you remember, verbs in the Past Simple are regular and irregular. But if they are “wrong”, they should not exist in nature at all, why teach them? But language has its own laws, and today we will try to understand them.

First, let's talk about Past Simple in general.

We use the Past Simple when we talk about a completed action in the past. We often clarify When this is exactly what happened (yesterday, last week when I was young).

In the Past Simple, verbs are used to describe single or regular actions in the past.

How exactly is the simple past tense formed?

By changing the verb. All regular past simple tense verbs change in the same way, but the forms of irregular verbs need to be memorized.

First, let's discuss regular verbs.

All verbs have a base form, this is the form we see in the dictionary, e.g.

listen - listen
call - to call

To form the Past Simple form from a regular verb, just add the ending -ed to the base form.

How regular verbs change in the Past Simple: table

Depending on the final letters of the verb, ed can be added in different ways:

• If the verb ends in -e, only -d is added:

  Move - moved
  Like - liked

• If the verb ends in a consonant + y, y changes to -ied:

  Cry - cried

• If the verb has stress on last syllable and ends in a vowel + one consonant, the final consonant is doubled:

  Prefer - preferred

• Regardless of stress, if the verb ends in l, this letter is doubled in the Past Simple:

  Travel - travelled

Irregular verbs Past Simple in English

For some reason, this phrase evokes sacred awe and, at best, the first lines of a table learned in school. You don’t have to call them “irregular” and use a “softer” version of the name of verbs that are not formed according to the rules - irregular Verbs. All this means is that these verbs form the past tense and the past participle not with the help of the -ed ending, but in their own way. This is due to processes that inevitably occur in language. English was constantly changing, influenced by other languages ​​and historical events. Therefore, some grammatical phenomena are not always explainable by logic.

Native English speakers themselves do not like these irregular verbs, make mistakes in them, and children, out of ignorance, produce sentences like:

I fell

Everything seems to be clear, English word“to fall” was added -ed... But this is an irregular verb - fall, its Past Simple is fell. Children who make such mistakes do not know this yet.

But you and I are not children, are we? So let's quickly arm ourselves with knowledge! Yes, you may first have to paper all the walls with lists of these non-standard verbs. When speaking English, sometimes you will stop and think - is this a correct verb? What would the verb “say” look like in the Past Simple? Did I pronounce the correct form, or did I mix up anything? This will happen, but over time, less and less often. Soon you will reach a level where irregular verb forms will come to mind automatically. This is inevitable because:

• These verbs are very, very common. You will get used to them, there is no other way. Neither eat- eat (Past Simple - ate), neither say something - say (Past Simple - said), nor write(write), nor get something (get) in English will not work without them. You will hear these forms anywhere and everywhere. And therefore remember them better.
• There are enough of them, but still a limited number. Many new verbs appear every year, but they are all regular, that is, they form the past tense with -ed. For example, there is a new verb to google - to google, or search for something in the Google search engine. The past tense will be googled.

I googled"Past Simple irregular verbs" and found this article - I googled "Paste Simple irregular verbs" and found this article

Google is the correct verb, it is new; found - incorrect, invented a long time ago.

So how do you teach them, these irregular verbs? - you ask.

The most proven tool for learning different forms of Past Simple is a table of verbs. Humanity has not yet invented anything more perfect. Additionally, you can use apps to memorize irregular verbs, do exercises where you need to choose their correct form, and even sing memory songs (they are on Youtube).

In the tables, the first column contains the verb in its basic form - the infinitive, the second - the past tense form, the third - the past participle (Past Participle).

The past participle is used in Perfect tenses:

I have done my homework (I did my homework)

and in passive voice:

My homework was done(Homework was done).

Learning lists of irregular verbs is not easy. To make the task easier, you can select different groups and subgroups of these verbs, and teach them separately. Many of them have general signs. For example, there are verbs in which the forms do not differ from each other, others in which the same vowels alternate, and so on. So,

Past Simple verb table No. 1: verbs where all three forms are the same

Table No. 2 - verbs where the Past Simple and Past Participle forms do not differ from each other (these are the most):

And finally, Past Simple verbs, table No. 3 - when all three options are different. There are several patterns in which they change, i.e. different letters found in certain places:

Good luck to you in the difficult but necessary task of learning irregular verbs! Let's treat them like beautiful old English cars. There are not many of them left; new ones are no longer produced. They may not be as convenient to use, but they are unusual in shape and absolutely unique!

IN English speech. This is the main verb responsible for indicating movement. It has the following meanings:

go	Go to school, please!	Go to school please!
leave, leave	Her parents went to Spain last Friday.	Her parents left for Spain last Friday.
go, travel	I’d like to go to Austria on winter holiday.	I would like to travel to Austria during the winter holidays.
pass the	The toothache has gone.	The toothache is gone.
ply	Buses go every half an hour here.	Buses run here every half hour.
study	When Sue has free time, she goes parachuting.	When Sue has free time, she goes in for parachuting.
become	The milk went sour because it was left on the table.	The milk turned sour (became sour) because it was left on the table.

Grammatical characteristics of the verb to go

This verb belongs to the category of irregular verbs. Below are three basic forms, which in the verb to go, as well as in other verbs of this group, do not obey the rules in their formation:

theInfinitive(infinitive, initial form)	the Past Simple Tense(past simple tense)	the Past Participle(past participle)
togo	went	gone
I'd like to go home now. / I'd like to go home now.	They went to school by bus. / They went to school by bus.	I'm afraid Mr. Evans isn't here at the moment. He has gone. / I'm afraid Mr. Evans is not here now. He left.

The verb to go is pronounced, which means it cannot be used in forms. In the active voice, the verb to go has the following forms:

	Simple	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
Present	the Present Simple Tense go/ goes My granny goes to church every Sunday. / My grandmother goes to church every Sunday.	the Present Continuous Tense am / is / are going Where are you going? / Where are you going?	the Present Perfect Tense have / has gone Teresa isn't at home now. She has gone to the dentist. / Teresa is not at home now. She went to the dentist.	the Present PerfectContinuousTense have / has been going We have already been going to Paris for three hours. / We've been driving to Paris for three hours now.
Past	the P as t Simple Tense Tom went to Mexico last month. / Tom went to Mexico last month.	the Past Continuous Tense was / were going I was going to university when we met. / I was walking to the university when we met.	the Past Perfect Tense had gone When I came to visit Teresa she had already gone to the dentist. / When we came to visit Teresa, she had already gone to the dentist.	the Past PerfectContinuousTense had been going When I saw her she had been going sightseeing for 2 hours. / When I saw her, she had already been sightseeing for 2 hours.
Future	the Future Simple Tense We will go home by taxi. / We'll go home by taxi.	the Future Continuous Tense will be going At this time tomorrow I will be going to Edinburgh. / This time tomorrow I will be heading to Edinburgh.	the Future Perfect Tense will have gone I’m afraid, by the time you come we will have gone to the theater. / I'm afraid that by the time you come, we will have already left for the theater.	the Future PerfectContinuousTense will have been going By the time our bus returns we will already have been going shopping for three hours. Don't you think it's enough? / By the time our bus returns, we will have been shopping for three hours. Don't you think that's enough?

Indicating direction with the verb to go (to / to the / no preposition)

The verb to go is very often used to indicate a certain direction. Traditionally in English the preposition to is used to indicate direction. However, sometimes after it you should use definite article(go to the theater / go to the theater), and sometimes not (go to school / go to school). Let's figure out when an article after to is needed and when it is not.

The article the may not be used before the words school, hospital, university, church, prison, bed, work, if these places/institutions are used the performer of the action for its intended purpose. That is, he goes to school to study, to the hospital to be treated, to church to pray, to bed to sleep, etc. If the performer of the action goes there for some other purpose, then the article the is used. Consider the following examples:

to—	to the
Alison is ten years old. Every day she goes to school. / Alison is ten years old. Every day she goes to school.	Today Alison’s mother wants to speak to her daughter’s teacher. So she has gone to the school to see her. / Today Alison's mother wants to talk to her daughter's teacher. So she went to school to meet her.
When I leave school, I want to go to university. / When I finish school, I want to go to university.	We are sightseeing in Oxford and I’d like to go to the university. I want to take some photos of that building. / We're sightseeing in Oxford and I'd like to go to university. I want to take some photos of this building.
John's mother goes to church every Sunday. / John's mother goes to church every Sunday.	We went to the church to take some photos of that wonderful building. / We went to the church to photograph this wonderful building.
Jack has broken his arm. He had to go to hospital. / Jack broke his arm. He had to go to the hospital.	Jill has gone to the hospital to visit Jack. / Jill went to the hospital to see Jack.
Ken's brother has gone to prison for robbery. / Ken's brother went to prison for robbery.	Ken went to the prison to visit his brother. / Ken went to prison to visit his brother.

The same rule applies to these nouns even if another verb is used. With other nouns denoting a destination, the article the is used after the preposition to: go to the cinema (go to the cinema), go to the circus (go to the circus), etc.

However, there are also cases when the use of prepositions and articles is completely unnecessary. This includes the stable expression to go home:

It's late. Let's go home.

It's already late. Let's go home.

Also, the verb to go is used without a preposition with a gerund, that is, the ing form of the verb, which is discussed in more detail below.

Using the verb to go with a gerund

Quite often the verb to go is found in constructions with a gerund. In part, such constructions can be translated with the basic meaning of the verb to go, for example, to go shopping - “to go shopping,” but since the gerund often expresses a certain activity, a more convenient translation in many cases is the meaning of “to do”:

to go swimming	go swimming	My dad and I go swimming twice a week.	My dad and I go swimming twice a week.
to go sailing	go sailing	I'd like to go sailing in my summer holidays.	I would like to go sailing on my summer holidays.
to go climbing	go mountaineering	I think it isn't easy to go climbing.	I think it's not easy to do mountaineering.
to go parachuting	go skydiving	Would you like to go parachuting with me?	Would you like to go skydiving with me?

Set expressions with the verb to go

to go sightseeing	see the sights	We went sightseeing in Tokyo.	We went sightseeing in Tokyo.
to go in for sports	exercise	A lot of people don’t have any health problems because they go in for sports regularly.	Many people do not have health problems because they exercise regularly
How is it going?	How are you?
to go gray	turn gray	My dad is going gray and I’m going bald.	My father is turning gray and I am going bald.
to go bald	go bald
to go mad	go crazy; get terribly angry	She'll go mad if you wear the same dress as she does.	She will go crazy with anger if you wear the same dress as hers.
to go blind	go blind	Our old dog has gone blind.	Our old dog has gone blind.
to go dead	go deaf	My granny is going to die.	My grandmother is losing her hearing.
to go bankrupt	go bankrupt	That company went bankrupt last year.	This company went bankrupt last year.
to have a go	try	Some people aren't interested in scuba diving but I've always wanted to have a go.	Some people are not interested in diving, but I always wanted to try it.

In fact set expressions with the verb to go there is much more. We recommend that you write down the most interesting ones when you come across them - this way you can remember them easier.

Phrasal verbs with the stem to go

to go on	continue	Please go on!	Please continue!
to go out	go out, go somewhere	Would you like to go out tonight?	Would you like to go somewhere this evening?
to go out with	meet someone (romantically)	Jane goes out with Paul. They are engaged.	Jane is dating Paul. They are engaged.
to go back to

What is Past Simple (Past Idefinite)

Past Simple (Past Indefinite) is the simple past tense in English, which is used to convey information about a specific event or action that happened in the past.

The name speaks for itself - this tense form is actually considered the simplest in the ocean of past tenses of the English language. The action could take place in the recent past or the distant past, and its duration, duration or completion does not matter.

Formula education Past Simple

When using correct English verbs:

Subject + verb infinitive without particle « to» + ending -ed.

My grandma danced a lot when she was young.
My granny a lot danced when I was young.

When using irregular English verbs:

Subject + 2 verb form.

Jessica hung out with her foreign mates at the record store last week.
Last week Jessica hanging out with my foreign friends.

Word markers and pointers in the Past Simple

The main indicators of “Past Simple” time include the following words and phrases:

• yesterday- yesterday,
• last week- last week,
• two hours ago- two hours ago,
• then- Then,
• in 1998- in 1998, etc.

Mom bought that bag by Gucci in 2005.
Ma bought that Gucci bag in 2005.

Yesterday they watched their favorite photos from the past.
Yesterday They watched your favorite photos from the past.

Affirmative sentences in Past Simple

The affirmative sentence in “Past Simple” is constructed quite simply. First comes subject, followed by verb with ending «- ed"if it is correct (regular); or second verb form, if it refers to irregular verbs. Regardless of the person and number of the English subject, the predicate remains identical for everyone. Past Simple rules and examples can be found in the table below.

Interrogative sentences in Past Simple

To create an interrogative sentence ( interrogative sentence) in “Past Simple”, you just need to put the auxiliary verb “ did", then subject and finally initial form of the semantic verb(i.e. infinitive without the particle “to”).

Negative sentences in Past Simple

As in a regular affirmative sentence, a negative sentence ( negative sentence) you should start with subject. Next we add the auxiliary verb “ did"with a negative particle" not»: « did not / didn't", and then we use the infinitive form of the verb without using the particle " to" Voila!

Formula for constructing a negative sentence in the Past Simple

REGULAR VERB		IRREGULAR VERB
I + DIDN'T+ PAINT	I didn't draw	I + DIDN'T + SLEEP	I did not sleep
You + DIDN'T+ PAINT	You didn't draw	You + DIDN'T + SLEEP	You did not sleep
She + DIDN'T+ PAINT He + DIDN’T+ PAINT It + DIDN'T+ PAINT	She didn't draw He didn't draw It didn't draw	She + DIDN'T + SLEEP He + DIDN'T + SLEEP It + DIDN'T + SLEEP	She didn't sleep He didn't sleep It didn't sleep
We + DIDN'T + PAINT	We didn't draw	We + DIDN'T + SLEEP	We didn't sleep
You + DIDN'T+ PAINT	You didn't draw	You + DIDN'T + SLEEP	you didn't sleep
They + DIDN'T+ PAINT	They didn't draw	They + DIDN'T + SLEEP	They didn't sleep

Using verbs in the Past Simple

When it comes to the past tense in English, many people probably have a question: “How to use the verb correctly?” be"?" To avoid asking such a question, let us recall that this verb has a couple of forms: “ was» / « were» / « been" Since we are talking about “Past Indefinite”, we, accordingly, need the second options based on the rules for constructing this English-speaking tense.

It's time to give a couple of examples " Past Simple" for clarity:

Gee, I don't have any idea where that guy was last time!
My God, I have no idea where was that guy last time!

Their kids were typical sweetums and binged on candies almost every day back in the days.
In the past their children were typical sweet tooths and ate candy almost every day.

Formation of Past Simple in active and passive

When we touch on "Past Simple", it is important to remember that this tense has 2 options. One is used for active voice - time " Past Simple Active" The second is for passive voice - time " Past Simple Passive».

• Passive voice:

If used correct verbs in " Past Simple»:

Subject + verb was/were + infinitive verb without particles « to» With ending «- ed».

That seascape was painted by Edward William Cooke in the 19th century.
That seascape was painted by Edward William Cook in the 19th century.

Subject + verb was/were + 3 form verb

Their names were forgotten two decades ago.
Their names were forgotten two decades ago.

Affirmative sentence: "Past Simple Passive" vs. "Past Simple Active":

"Black Widow" was written by Iggy Azalea in 2014.
Iggy Azalea wrote"Black Widow" in 2014.
Iggy Azalea wrote the song "Black Widow" in 2014.

Negative sentence: "Past Simple Passive" vs. "Past Simple Active"

"Cloud Atlas" wasn't directed by Hayao Miyazaki then.
Hayao Miyazaki didn't direct"Cloud Atlas" then.
Hayao Miyazaki was not the director of Cloud Atlas back then.

Interrogative sentence: "Past Simple Passive" vs. Past Simple Active"

Was that mansion built by my ancestors last century?
Did my ancestors build that mansion last century?
My ancestors built that mansion last century?

Uses of Past Simple

Difference between Past Simple and Present Perfect

Past Simple	Present Perfect
The action happened at a certain moment in the past.	The action ended at an indefinite moment, we have the result, but we do not know in what exact period of time the action occurred.
Elizabeth left us yesterday. Elizabeth left us yesterday.	Elizabeth has left for Seoul. Elizabeth went to Seoul.
An action happened at a certain point in the past and cannot be repeated.	The action happened, we have the result for now, and it can be repeated.
We met Princess Diana. We met Princess Diana.	We have spoken to Nicki Minaj. We spoke with Nicki Minaj.
Past Simple - a certain fact in the past, a given that some action took place in the past. We do not know whether it lasted, is still lasting, or has already ended; it just was.	Present Perfect - the specific result of an action at the present moment in time, the action not only happened but also ended. Whether it completed successfully or not will be clear from the context and the words of the markers.

Nota Bene: To understand “Past Simple” once and for all and understand what the difference is between it and “Present Perfect”, do not forget to pay attention to the free online simulator from EnglishDom. There you will find not only an explanation of the grammatical nuances of using these two tenses, but you will also be able to consolidate the learned material in practice.

Conclusion

So we figured out what this strange time “Past Indefinite” is, and also talked about the differences between “Past Simple” and “Present Perfect”. Feel free to use this time in English speaking and share your memories and impressions with friends and colleagues!

We invite you to familiarize yourself with other tenses of the English language

Big and friendly EnglishDom family

Past Simple is the simple past tense in English. It is indeed very simple in formation, even simpler than the simple present -, but its use is complicated by the presence and some features of the pronunciation of regular verbs in the past tense.

Past Simple sometimes also called preterite.

Watch Anna's explanation from Cambridge University Press:

Past Simple is mainly used to describe events in the past that have been completed. Although it also has other uses.

The past form of regular verbs is usually formed by adding -ed at the end, in addition, there are several hundred irregular verbs that have different shape. Most verbs have one past tense form, regardless of the person or number of the noun. That is, there is no need, as in Present Simple add -s for a third party.

Past Simple formation table for the verb “to be”

Past Simple formation table for all other verbs

Past Simple is used with words that can be remembered using an acronym (on, in, last, when, ago, yesterday)

Examples of Past Simple:

She was in London on 2nd of March The party was on Friday Paul was born in September in 1960 They were in Vienna last year I was very happy when I was a child We were at the meeting three weeks ago I was at the cinema yesterday

Features of writing and pronunciation of regular verbs in the Past Simple

According to pronunciation, regular verbs in the past tense can be divided into three groups:

1. If a regular verb ends with a dull sound, then in the past tense it will be read with (t) at the end, for example:

Basic form	Past form, writing	Ending, pronunciation
watch	watched	(t)	(watcht)
dance	danced	(t)	(danct)
laugh	laughed	(t)	(laught)
wash	washed	(t)	(washt)

2. If the correct verb ends in -t or -d, then in the past it is read with -id at the end:

Basic form	Past form, writing	Ending, pronunciation	Past form, pronunciation
start	started	(id)	(startid)
want	wanted	(id)	(wantid)
land	landed	(id)	(landid)
paint	painted	(id)	(paintid)

3. Regular verb ends with a vowel sound or a voiced consonant sound, then in the past it is read with -d at the end:

Basic form	Past form, writing	Ending, pronunciation	Past form, pronunciation
play	played	(d)	(playd)
clean	cleaned	(d)	(cleand)
study	studied	(d)	(study)
close	closed	(d)	(closd)

Exercise - Song Rihanna Diamonds

Listen to the song and find all the verbs in the past tense.