Program
- 1st day
- Arrival in Penza "Hello, Penza!"
- Meeting with the guide at the information desk of the Penza-1 railway station with a sign for Lermontov places.
- Breakfast Refueling for the road.
- Sightseeing tour of Penza In Penza the whole history of Russia. You will meet with an ancient Russian city, which is picturesquely spread out on high hills above the Sura River and where the plot of one of Alexandre Dumas’s novels was born. Here the poet Denis Davydov felt like he was on Parnassus, and Pyotr Vyazemsky felt like he was in little Paris. In the old quarters of the city, houses have been preserved that remember famous fellow countrymen and guests: critic V. Belinsky, director V. Meyerhold, historian V. Klyuchevsky, writers N. Leskov and M. Saltykov-Shchedrin, Lenin’s father I.N. Ulyanov, Red Napoleon Marshal M. Tukhachevsky.
- Excursion to the Penza Art Gallery one of the oldest in Russia. The ancient building with spacious halls and rich stucco decoration made by K. Klodt houses a rich collection. In this temple of pictorial silence and some special soulfulness, paintings by I. Repin, I. Levitan, A. Kuindzhi, I. Shishkin are presented. The collection of Russian avant-garde is considered to be the golden fund. Here is the third most important collection of works by A. Lentulov, this newcomer from Penza, a stocky hare. Lentulov depicted in color what Mayakovsky did in words. The gallery presents one of the largest collections of works by R. Falk in Russia.
- Lunch at a city cafe.
- Excursion to the world famous performing arts museum, the first memorial to V. Meyerhold in Russia and abroad. In the living room of the old house where director V. Meyerhold grew up, there is now an unusual theater that fulfills the dream of the great master and works in the traditions of the Italian commedia mask theater dell'arte.
- Excursion to the country's first museum of the great Russian historian V. Klyuchevsky, opened in the house where he grew up. Without entering into polemics with anyone, in his world-famous work Short course According to Russian history, he gave his understanding of Russian history, brilliantly, prophetically foreseeing the future of Russia. He owns the phrase: History will not teach anything, but will punish for ignorance of the lessons. In terms of the impact of his lectures on the audience, Klyuchevsky was compared with Chaliapin, Ermolova, Rachmaninov, and the performances of the Art Theater. He helped Chaliapin in creating the images of Ivan the Terrible and Boris Godunov. Impressed by his lecture, the artist V. Serov created the famous sketch of Peter I. The monument to V. Klyuchevsky in Penza, as well as the museum named after him, are the only ones in Russia.
- Transfer to the hotel.
- Check-in. Free time.
- 2nd day
- Breakfast.
- Release of rooms. Meeting with the guide.
- Country excursion to the cultural and historical center of the Kuvaka spring(Kuvaka village, 87 km, journey 1.5 hours).
- Excursion to the Museum of Living Water. This amazing place is associated with the name of Count V.N. Voeikov, the last commandant of the Winter Palace, author of the book With the Tsar and Without the Tsar, godfather of Tsarevich Alexei. Voeikov’s special pride was the Gremyachiy Klyuch spring. Its tasty, crystal clear water was considered healing. The count's entrepreneurial spirit made her famous in Paris. The museum has restored an ancient production facility from 100 years ago. In the delicious tasting room you can try the entire collection of lemonades based on Kuvaka water, as well as drinks made with premium natural syrups.
- Transfer to the Tarkhany Museum-Reserve(Lermontovo village, 45 km, 1 hour on the way), the estate of M. Lermontov’s grandmother, where half of the poet’s 26-year life passed and where his grave is now located.
- Visit to the manor house, which will help you feel the charm of the 19th century, will give you a meeting with the originals, which were touched by the hand of the poet and his grandmother. You will visit the small church of Mary of Egypt, built in memory of the poet’s early deceased mother; in the house of the clerk and housekeeper, among already forgotten household things, you will get acquainted with the life of Tarkhan peasants; in the people's room you will hear songs from Lermontov's time. You will have the opportunity to look at the restored mill, enthusiastically wander through the old alleys of the park and the manor’s garden, relax in the Lermontov gazebo, inhaling the aroma of Antonov apples and strawberries.
- Lunch Tarkhan treat in the village cafe.
- Free time I want: a walk along the ponds in the park and gardens of the estate; ride in a vintage carriage; photographing; herbal tea with pretzel. Excursion to the second complex in the center of the village of Lermontovo: visiting the grave of the poet and the Church of Michael the Archangel.
- Moving to Penza.
- 18.00-18.30 Arrival in Penza. Transfer to the railway station.
- End of excursion service (the travel company is not responsible if tourists purchased tickets for train No.093rd Penza Moscow at 16:38). Independent visit to the Penza souvenirs store. Free time: those who wish can hand over their things to the storage room of the railway station and take a walk along Moskovskaya Street in the Penza Arbat with its architectural, historical and cultural monuments.
- Departure.
Hotel information
Tour cost for 1 person in rubles:
|
Number |
Penza***, |
Heliopark ****, |
|
2-seater standard (twin) |
8 350 |
8 990 |
|
2-seater standard (double) |
8 990 |
|
|
2-bed standard with balcony (twin/double) |
9 120 |
|
|
2-bed one-room economy (twin) |
8 370 |
|
|
2-bed two-room economy (twin) |
8 550 |
|
|
2-seater standard comfort (twin) |
8 690 |
Included in the price Accommodation in the selected hotel, Additional charge railway tickets Moscow - Penza - Moscow reserved seat from 2,000 rubles, compartment from 4,000 rubles. (estimated cost). |
Penza – Saransk – Narovchat – Skanovo – Lermontovo (Tarkhany) – Penza
Description
The birthplace of A. Kuprin and Lermontov's estate in Tarkhany are one of the poetic places in Russia. Country excursion to Saransk (150 km, journey 2.5 hours) - the capital of Mordovia - one of the oldest cities in the Volga region.
Meals included in the tour program
two meals a day (breakfast - buffet, lunch - covered)
Excursions included in the tour program
by program
Other services included in the price
- accommodation in the selected hotel,
- work as a tour guide (including sightseeing tours in Penza and Saransk),
- transport services and transfers according to the program,
- entrance tickets to the Tarkhany Museum-Reserve (Lermontovo village), museum fine arts them. S.D. Erzi (Saransk), museum of A.I. Kuprina (Narovchat village), cave complex (Skanovo village), visit to the Trinity-Skanova Monastery (Narovchat village)
Additional paid services
railway tickets Moscow - Penza - Moscow reserved seat from 2600 rubles, compartment from 4700 rubles (price is approximate - inquire when booking).
Attention!
- 094Y at 16.10, arrival in Penza from Moscow the next day at 06.14;
- 052 "Sura" at 20.40, arrival in Penza from Moscow the next day at 07.55.
- 131U at 19.19, arrival in Moscow the next day at 09.38;
- 051Y "Sura" at 21.03, arrival in Moscow the next day at 08.23.
Information:
- Tourists are met at 07.55 (on arrival of train 052Y "Sura") at the information desk of the Penza-1 railway station. Sign “ACROSS LERMONTOV PLACES”.
- Transport: tours are served by buses of different capacities depending on the size of the group. Groups of up to 5 people are served in a passenger car, from 6 to 9 people - in a HYUNDAI minivan (3 rows of seats with 3 seats each), from 9 to 19 people - in MERCEDES or VOLZWAGEN minibuses (single and double seats), from 20 to 29 people (pair seats) - on 30-seater tourist buses of the SETRA or HAGER brand, from 30 people (pair seats) - on 50-seater tourist buses of the VANGUL brand.
- Meals: breakfast - buffet (at the Penza hotel from 08.00, at the Heliopark hotel from 07.00), lunch - covered. Dinners are not included in the price; we recommend the restaurants of the Penza and Heliopark hotels, as well as cafes and restaurants located on the Moskovskaya pedestrian street, a five-minute walk from both hotels! The cuisine is Russian, not vegetarian (meat is not halal). Also within walking distance from the Penza Hotel there is a store of the Magnit chain, and from the Heliopark Hotel there is a store of the Caravan chain.
Tour program
Day 1
Lermontov: People and passions
- Arrival in Penza “Hello, Penza!” Meeting with the guide at the information desk of the Penza-1 railway station with a sign “To Lermontov’s places.”
- Breakfast “Fuel for the road.”
- 09.00 Sightseeing tour “The whole history of Russia is in Penza.”
You will meet with an ancient Russian city, which is picturesquely spread out on high hills above the Sura River and where the plot of one of Alexandre Dumas’s novels was born. Here the poet Denis Davydov felt as if he were on Parnassus, and Pyotr Vyazemsky felt as if in little Paris. In the old quarters of the city, houses have been preserved that remember famous fellow countrymen and guests: critic V. Belinsky, director V. Meyerhold, historian V. Klyuchevsky, writers N. Leskov and M. Saltykov-Shchedrin, Lenin’s father I.N. Ulyanov, “red Napoleon” Marshal M. Tukhachevsky.
- 10.30 Country excursion to the Tarkhany Museum-Reserve (100 km, 1.5 hours on the way), the estate of M. Lermontov’s grandmother, where half of the poet’s 26-year life passed and where his grave is now located.
- 12.30 Arrival in the village. Lermontovo.
A visit to the manor house, which will help you feel the charm of the 19th century, will give you a meeting with the originals, which were touched by the hand of the poet and his grandmother. You will visit the small church of Mary of Egypt, built in memory of the poet’s early deceased mother; in the house of the clerk and housekeeper, among already forgotten household things, you will get acquainted with the life of Tarkhan peasants; in the people's room you will hear songs from Lermontov's time. You will have the opportunity to wander enthusiastically through the old alleys of the park and the manor’s garden, and relax in the Lermontov gazebo.
- 14.00 Lunch at the village cafe.
- 16.30 Visit to the grave of the poet and the Church of Michael the Archangel in the center of the village. Lermontovo.
- 17.00 Transfer to Penza.
- 18.45 Arrival in Penza. Transfer to the hotel. Check-in. Free time.
Day 2
Mordovian legends
- 09.00 Country excursion to Saransk (150 km, journey 2.5 hours) - the capital of Mordovia - one of the oldest cities in the Volga region. Member from 1801 to 1928. As part of the Penza province, Saransk was called by the historical novelist Mikhail Zagoskin “A district town with big claims.”
- 11.30 Arrival in the village. Makarovka. Inspection of the active St. John the Theologian Monastery - a monument of Orthodox culture of the 18th century, the former noble estate of the Polyanskys. Monastic hermitages and miraculous springs.
- 12.30 Lunch at a city cafe.
- 13.30 Visit to the National State Museum named after. Stepan Erzi.
The work of sculptor Stepan Erzi, who earned the fame of the “Mordovian Rodin” in Paris, will cause you admiration and surprise. Do you want to see the Mordovian Mona Lisa? Take a look here at the art gallery, where the paintings of Fedot Sychkov, the singer of the Mordovian people, the creator of the Mordovian Mona Lisa, are exhibited. In the national treasury you will see a colorful collection of Moksha and Erzi costumes. At the exhibition you will find out why “you first hear a Mordovian woman and then see her”? As a souvenir, you can purchase souvenirs from Moksha and Erzi craftsmen.
- 15.00 Bus tour of Saransk - one of the oldest cities in the Volga region.
Modern Saransk is a beautiful, prosperous city, political, economic and Cultural Center republics. He has repeatedly won prizes in annual competition“The most comfortable city in Russia.” Inclusion in the list of cities participating in the 2018 World Cup was an honor for the city and prompted active preparations for the event and the preparation of the Saransk Arena stadium.
- 16.00 Walking tour “In the center of the Mordovian country.”
During the excursion you will see the main squares of Saransk, the embankment of the Saranka River. You will be captivated by sculptural monuments of A. Pushkin, Admiral F. Ushakov, S. Erza, Patriarch Nikon, poet A. Polezhaev, Mother Mordovia, rare in beauty and inspiration, you will see the building of the Museum of Military Glory, which in its configuration repeats the territory of Mordovia, you will visit The 9-domed cathedral in the name of the warrior Feodor Ushakov is the largest and highest in the Volga region.
- 17.00 Transfer to Penza.
- 19.30 Arrival in Penza. Transfer to the hotel. Free time.
Day 3
Mysterious country Burtasia
- 08.00 Breakfast. Release of rooms. Meeting with the guide.
- 09.00 Country excursion “To the country of Queen Narchatka” - in the village. Narovchat, Penza region (150 km, 2.5 hours on the road), the most ancient and legendary town of the Penza region, the birthplace of A. Kuprin. The writer gave an intriguing description of his hometown: “Narovchat is like Moscow, only a little more beautiful.” Come check it out!
- 11.30 Excursion to the only house-museum of the writer A. Kuprin in Russia - the author of “The Pomegranate Bracelet”, “Olesya”, etc. Visit to the architectural and sculptural complex “Monument to Kuprin” (a monument to the writer and his heroes).
- 12.30 Transfer to the village. Skanovo “The Mysterious Country of Burtasiya”. Taking photographs at the monument to Queen Narchatka.
- 12.45 Visit to the cave monastery. Excursion “Secrets of underground labyrinths”: you will walk through cave passages, the length of which is greater than in the Kiev Pechersk Lavra; You will see ancient stone cells and an underground chapel. At the foot of the mountain there is a holy spring and baths.
- 13.45 Visit to the Trinity-Scanova Convent for women - “the pearl of Russia”, according to Patriarch Alexy II, shocked by the splendor of the monument of Russian architecture of the 18th century. The shrine of the monastery is the miraculous icon of the Trubchevskaya Mother of God.
- 14.45 Transfer to Narovchat.
- 15.00 Lunch in the village cafe with tasting of Penza branded liqueur.
- 16.00 Transfer to Penza.
- 18.30 Arrival in Penza.
- Transfer to the railway station. (The travel company is not responsible if tourists purchased tickets for train No. 093Y Penza - Moscow at 16.38).
- Independent visit to the station kiosk “Penza Souvenirs”.
- Free time: those who wish can hand over their things to the storage room of the railway station and take a walk along Moskovskaya Street - the “Penza Arbat” with its architectural, historical and cultural monuments.
- Departure.
Lesson-excursion to Lermontov's places.
Sklyarova O.F., teacher of Russian language and literature, Secondary School No. 30, Pyatigorsk
1.Organizing moment.
2.Teacher's opening remarks:
“You take me to Chembar,
Take me to Tarkhany to the oak tree,
And the power of the gift of song
Light a fire in my chest.
Let the classic lines
They will tell me again about
How the lonely sail beat in the fog of the blue sea..."
Is it worth asking, guys, who we're talking about now? Of course, about the great Russian poet Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov, whose anniversary is being celebrated by all progressive humanity these days.
Guys! Today we will take a correspondence tour of Lermontov’s places. Of course, in one lesson it is impossible to get acquainted with all the corners associated with the name of the great poet, so today we will visit only Moscow and the Caucasus, touching only partially on others. We will go to the Red Gate, where the poet was born, then to the House Museum on Malaya Molchanovka. Let's imagine the Povarskaya Settlement of the early 19th century, plunge into the atmosphere of student days during Lermontov's studies at the Moscow Noble Boarding School, visit Stavropol and Pyatigorsk and admire, together with Mikhail Yuryevich, the blue peaks of the Caucasus.
Moscow occupies a special place in the life of M.Yu. Lermontov.
« Moscow, Moscow...I love you like a son..."
And he loved her “strongly, ardently and tenderly” and yearned for her in separation sadly and painfully. And this is probably not only because the poet was born here, but also because in Moscow he felt like a citizen and realized his destiny. And “The Caucasus became the cradle of his poetry,” as Belinsky wonderfully said.
"Native land and sky beauty
The thoughtful Beshtu looked around.
In the distance stretched a pink wall,
Snowy mountains saying goodbye to the sun:
Mashuk, bowing his bald head
Through the Podkumka blue jets, I seemed to be thinking…»
Our guys, the guides, will help us make the excursion.
1 tour guide : At the beginning of the 19th century, at the crossroads of roads going from the Red Gate to Sukharevka and from Kalanchevka to the Red Gate, there stood a stone house that belonged to Major General F.N. Tolya. The house has not survived, but from a photograph taken in 1930, we can imagine this two-story building with two wings. The young Lermontov family settled in this house: Yuri Petrovich, a retired captain, and Maria Mikhailovna, the only daughter of Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva, who came from the noble noble family of the Stolypins (we show portraits).
On the night of October 2-3, 1814, the Lermontovs had a son, Mikhail. The child was baptized on October 11, 1814 in the Church of the Three Saints, not far from the Red Gate.
In Moscow M.Yu. Lermontov lived the first year and a half of his life: in April 1915, the Lermontovs went to the estate of E.A. Arsenyeva - Tarkhany, Penza province, where the poet spent his childhood, overshadowed by the early death of his mother and protracted feuds between his father and grandmother. Pay attention to the portraits - these are Lermontov at the age of 3, as if the great destiny of the poet is already laid here, and Lermontov at the age of eight: squat, small in stature, with a large head and a pale face, he had large brown eyes, the power of charm of which amazed those around him.
Lermontov was thirteen years old when, in the fall of 1827, E.A. Arsenyeva and her grandson moved from Tarkhan to Moscow and settled on Povarskaya Street in the house of guards ensign E.Ya. Kostomarova. The small mansions that lined the quiet, grassy street resembled manorial estates. In the Kostomarovs' house (the house has not survived). Arsenyeva and her grandson lived there for two years. From the first days of his arrival in Moscow, young Michel eagerly absorbs new impressions of Moscow life. Meets architectural monuments ancient Russian capital. Having moved to Moscow, he often visited his relatives, the Meshcherinovs, who lived on Trubnaya Street. All members of this family were fond of literature, music, and painting.
Caring for the education and all-round development of her only grandson, Arsenyeva spared neither effort nor money. On the advice of the Meshcherinovs, they began to prepare Michel for admission to the Moscow Noble Boarding School. The preparation was supervised by A.Z. Zinoviev, a boarding school teacher, a versatile educated person, an excellent teacher. Lermontov mastered Latin, intensively studied French, achieved noticeable success in painting and graphics, and took music lessons. It was at this time that he began his acquaintance with Moscow, its streets and squares, with its history. Walking around Moscow gave him real pleasure.
In 1829, E.A. Arsenyeva moved to a small mansion on Malaya Povarskaya, which belonged to the merchant F.I. Chernova (now Malaya Molchanovka). This house was built in 1816-1817 and was a one-story building in the Empire style. Lermontov lived in this house for three years, until his departure from Moscow at the end of July 1832.
2 guide : The house on Malaya Molchanovka is the only building preserved in Moscow where Lermontov lived. The fawn house with a mezzanine and a lattice fence stands like a small oasis among modern high-rise buildings. Built after the fire of 1812 by the merchant Chernov, the house has survived to this day. He witnessed both bitter and happy events and experiences that befell the young man. Here he lived, surrounded by the tireless care of his grandmother Elizaveta Alekseevna, a woman of a despotic disposition, direct and unyielding character. Adoring Michel, my grandmother subordinated her life to his interests and delved into everything that could be useful and necessary for him.
The doors of the house on Molchanovka were always open to Michel’s friends, acquaintances and acquaintances. The small living room and the hall were crowded and noisy, poetry was sung here, home performances were staged, the texts of which were composed by Michel. Young Lermontov loved music very much, and in the living room you could hear the sounds of a piano and violin. Often he would retire to the mezzanine, immersing himself in the world of his favorite books or surrendering to the elements of creativity.
3rd guide: Let's try to imagine a picture of an early winter evening. The lights come on. Through the entryway, the kitchen, and the maid's room, a wooden staircase with railings leads to the mezzanine. A dark, narrow corridor with low doors - one of them leads to Lermontov's room. The mezzanine room has a low ceiling and small windows. A globe, a map next to it, and several engravings above the sofa. Among the books lined up on the shelf are “The Prisoner of the Caucasus”, “The Bakhchisarai Fountain”, “The Gypsies” by Pushkin, the almanac “Polar Star” for 1825, published by Bestuzhev and Ryleev, seven chapters of “Eugene Onegin”, published in separate books from 1825 to 1830 Lots of books on foreign languages. On the table are notes from lectures that he is listening to at the literature department at Moscow University. On the sofa is a newly received, uncut issue of the Moscow Telegraph. On the desk, next to the inkwell, there is a sandbox that serves as a paperweight, a quill pen and several hand-stitched notebooks. These are Lermontov's student notebooks, in which the poet wrote newly composed poems. Everything in the house on Molchanovka preserves the memory of the poet. Here you can see original things touched by the poet’s hands, his manuscripts, paintings, portraits, musical instruments that he skillfully mastered, a copy of the “Book of Fates” that Michel made for the new year 1832, the poet’s rich personal library. Particularly valuable to us is the watercolor self-portrait of Lermontov from 1837, given to him by V. Lopukhina, kept in the Vereshchagin archives abroad and returned to the poet’s homeland in 1962.
4 guide: In 1828-1830, Lermontov studied at the Moscow University Noble Boarding School.
The building of the boarding house, located on the corner of Tverskaya and Gazetny Lane, has not survived. Like Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, he was privileged educational institution with glorious traditions Wonderful writers and poets emerged from its walls: Zhukovsky, Griboedov, Odoevsky and others. Inner independence, a spirit of freedom, serious scientific research, and a passion for literature and art were characteristic of many teachers of literature and art. Lermontov's first literary mentor was A.F. Merzlyakov, professor of eloquence and poetry at Moscow University, who taught literature at the boarding school. Practical exercises in literature in the senior classes of the boarding house were conducted by Master of Literary Sciences S.E. Raich. He was also the leader and organizer of the “Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.” At the boarding house, much attention was paid to literature, music, painting, oratory. The teachers were aware of literary novelties and were interested in literature and journalism. The boarding house published handwritten literary magazines: “Arion”. "Hive". "Bee". "Lighthouse". Through the efforts of the students, the almanac “Tsifei” was created, in which their best works and translations were published. During his boarding years, Lermontov filled out four handwritten notebooks, now kept in the Pushkin House in St. Petersburg. During this period, the poems “Autumn” and “The Turk’s Complaint” were written. “Monologue”, “My Demon”, “Prayer”, poems “Prisoner of the Caucasus”, “Corsair”, “Oleg”, “Two Brothers”.( A student reads the poem “.Prayer”
In 1828, the first edition of the poem “The Demon” was compiled, on which he continued to work until 1838, creating new and new versions.
After graduating from the Noble boarding school, Lermontov in August 1830 submitted a petition to the board of Moscow University.
In September 1830, Lermontov became a student at Moscow University. During the same days, Belinsky, Herzen, Goncharov, Stankevich studied here... In the atmosphere of intense thought and constant search that lived the leading youth of the 30s, Lermontov’s spiritual image took shape, his views matured Confidence in the great future of Russia, the dream of becoming a poet grew stronger. His student years were marked in Lermontov's life by a huge upsurge of creative forces. In 1830-1832, he wrote hundreds of lyric poems, several poems, and created the drama “Strange Man.” (student reads the poem “Sail”) .
In the summer of 1832, Lermontov left Moscow, hoping to complete his education in St. Petersburg. Leaves full of hope new life, not yet knowing that he would be destined to see his native Moscow only on the way to exile.
5 guide: We finish our tour at the monument to Lermontov, which was made by sculptor I.D. Brodsky (architects N.N. Milovidov and G.E. Saevich). The monument was opened in June 1965 in the park on Lermontov Square. The square began to be called Lermontovskaya in 1941 in connection with the centenary of the death of the great poet. The pedestal is topped with a bronze figure of a young man in the uniform of a lieutenant of the Tengin infantry regiment. "Mikhail Yurjevich Lermontov. 1840-1841" - inscribed on a bluish-gray pedestal. The poet is depicted in a military uniform, his head raised proudly, the wind slightly lifted the hem of his coat. There is a sense of rebellion in the poet's gaze. pride, defiance and fortitude. The bronze lattice depicts a lonely sail, the scene of the battle between Mtsyri and the leopard.
At the entrance to the site there is a stele with lines from the poem “Sashka” engraved on it:
Moscow, Moscow!.. I love you like a son,
Like a Russian - strong, fiery and tender!
I love the sacred shine of your gray hairs
And this Kremlin...
6 guide: And Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov first visited the Caucasus in early childhood. His grandmother Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenyeva brought him here for treatment with water in 1820 and 1825. The fact that Lermontov was in Pyatigorsk in 1825 is confirmed in the journal “Domestic Notes”, where in the list of those who arrived at Hot Waters, the following entry appears: “Arsenyeva Elizaveta Alekseevna, widow of a lieutenant from Penza, with her grandson Mikhailo Lermontov.”
Arsenyeva and her grandson settled in the house of her sister, General Khastatova. Her house was located at the foot of the Hot Mountain, close to healing springs, where the Pushkin Baths are now located.
Since then, the Caucasus has entered Lermontov’s consciousness as a land of wonderful nature, freedom and honor. The poet called the Caucasus his second homeland and dedicated poems to the Caucasus, as one does to friends.
To you, Caucasus, harsh edge of the earth.
I dedicate again the careless verse.
Bless him like a son
And the snow-white peak of autumn.
7 guide:
Despite the fact that in the early 1930s Lermontov wrote a lot of works, his name is unknown to a wide circle of readers. The events of early 1837 revealed the name of a new poet to Russia.
January 27, 1837. In a duel with Dantes, A.S. was mortally wounded. Pushkin. A week after his funeral, the poem “The Death of a Poet” flew around the capital with lightning speed. It was read, rewritten, and memorized. Along with the poems, the name of the poet became known - Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. Shocked by the death of his teacher, and this is what he considered A.S. Pushkin to be, Lermontov could not remain silent and “poured out the bitterness of his heart on paper.”( student reads "Death of the Poet")
But not only in salons and student audiences these lines were recognized. Tsar Nicholas II also received an anonymous copy by mail. Under the copy is the signature “Appeal to the Revolution.” A “case of impermissible poems” arose. After the investigation, the Tsar gave the highest orders: “Cornet Lermontov...to be transferred with the same rank to the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment. The poet had to hard way from St. Petersburg to Tiflis, where the Nizhny Novgorod regiment was stationed.
8 guide:B On the 20th of April the poet arrived in Stavropol. “Stavropol was built on a high mountain,” Lermontov wrote, “all the best buildings, government and private, are located on the top of the mountain, and the worst on its slope.”
On the way, the poet fell ill. But in Stavropol there was his relative, Major General Petrov, chief of staff of the troops on the Caucasus line and in the Black Sea region. He contributed to Lermontov going to be treated by Caucasian mineral waters, and Lermontov comes to Pyatigorsk again. Communication with Caucasian nature gives rise to a feeling of joy and enlightenment. In one of Lopukhina’s letters, Lermontov wrote: “Every morning from the window I see a chain of snowy peaks and Elbrus. And now, sitting writing a letter to you, from time to time I put down my pen in order to admire these giants, They are so beautiful and majestic...”( the student reads “The Blue Mountains of the Caucasus...”)
Having recovered, the poet goes to the regiment, which is located in Kakheti, in Georgia. On official business, Lermontov traveled to many fortifications in the Caucasus from Kizlyar to Taman. On the road he draws a lot. About 300 drawings, 58 watercolors, and 14 oil paintings have survived. The history of the painting “Cross Mountain” is interesting. It was written, apparently, after returning from the first exile of 1838-1840. It depicts the highest point of the Georgian Military Road - Cross Pass. The poet gave this painting to his friend Odoevsky before leaving for his second exile. Here, in the Caucasus, Lermontov creates his watercolor self-portrait. The poet depicted himself in the uniform of the Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon Regiment, with a burka thrown over his shoulder, against the backdrop of the Caucasus Mountains. The self-portrait was intended for Varvara Aleksandrovna Lopukhina, whom the author loved very much.
9 guide: The poet's exile was coming to an end. Arsenyeva worked hard to mitigate the fate of the poet in St. Petersburg. At the end of 1837, Lermontov left for a new destination: Novgorod, where the Life Guards Grodno Hussar Regiment was quartered. At the beginning of 1838, the poet returned to St. Petersburg. The best part of St. Petersburg society and literary circles enthusiastically greeted the author of the poems “The Death of the Poet”, “Borodino”, and the poem “Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov”, which had already appeared in print. Writes new poems. The royal court expected obedience and gratitude from Lermontov, of course: by order of the king, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant of the Life Guards Hussar Regiment, he was favorably admitted into society. But he was eager to retire, stubbornly following his own path. They could not forgive him for his independence. Clouds were gathering again over the poet's head. The opportunity to deal with the poet soon presented itself. On February 18, 1840, a duel took place between Lermontov and the son of the French ambassador, Barant. And although it ended bloodlessly: Barant missed, and Lermontov shot to the side, nevertheless, the consequence of this duel was a second exile to the Caucasus. The Tengin infantry regiment, where Lermontov was supposed to follow, was located on the Black Sea coast. Death from an enemy bullet awaited at every step, fever decimated people. The Caucasian military authorities treated the poet more carefully than the tsar; he was sent to the left flank of the army in the Grozny fortress. Lermontov took part in many battles, including the battle of the Valerik River (translated as river of death).
On January 14, 1841, the poet received permission for a two-month vacation and went to St. Petersburg. He still hoped to resign and take up literary activity. But the poet was not only refused to resign, but was also asked to leave the capital within 48 hours, explaining the order by the poet’s inappropriate behavior. Before leaving, Lermontov writes the poem “Farewell, Unwashed Russia” (student reads the poem “Farewell, unwashed Russia).
10 guide: On April 14, the poet left St. Petersburg and last time traveled across all of Russia to the foothills of the Caucasus. In his first letters from the Caucasus, he wrote to Arsenyeva: “Dear grandmother, I have just arrived in Stavropol and am writing to you... Now I don’t know where I’ll go, it seems to Shura, where the regiment is, and from there I’ll try to get to water...” From Stavropol by On their way to the regiment, Lermontov and Stolypin stopped in Pyatigorsk, having secured medical certificates about the need for treatment with water. The first night they spent the night in a hotel. The next morning, at about nine o'clock, we showed up at the commandant's office. The office asked about an apartment. Major Chilaev offered an outbuilding in his house.
At about three o'clock they arrived at Chilaev's. Having examined the house in the courtyard from the outside and walked around the rooms, Lermontov stopped on the balcony overlooking the garden bordering the Verzilin family’s garden and became lost in thought. Stolypin asked: “Well, Lermontov, is it okay?” “Nothing,” he answered casually. “Give me a deposit.”
And in his notebook Chilaev made a note: “One hundred silver rubles were taken from captain A.A. Stolypin and lieutenant M.Yu. Lermontov from St. Petersburg for the entire average house.”
In 1841, the season in the city was one of the most brilliant. Lermontov was the soul of society. They began to hold dance parties, organized picnics, cavalcades, and walks in the mountains. In June, the youth decided to give a ball to the Pyatigorsk public. A subscription was drawn up, and the idea assumed enormous proportions. All the youth unanimously helped in arranging the holiday, which on July 8 was given on one of the platforms of the alley near the huge grotto. The vault of the grotto was decorated with multi-colored shawls, the walls were covered with Persian carpets, skillfully improvised chandeliers were hung from simple hoops and ropes, entwined with extremely beautiful, magnificent fresh flowers and climbing greenery, and more than 2,500 lanterns were hung. The ball was a success. Lermontov danced unusually a lot, and the whole society was in the mood for fun.
Wherever the poet appeared, jokes and laughter reigned everywhere. And few people, even those closest to the poet, knew what thoughts and passions really tormented and worried this young man, who seemed carefree and frivolous. But when the poet was left alone with a notebook given to him before leaving St. Petersburg by Odoevsky with the inscription: “This book is given to the poet Lermontov so that he returns it himself and all covered with writing,” he was himself. One of the first poems included in the book was “Dream”, then “Tamara”, “Cliff”, “I Go Out Alone on the Road”, “The Sea Princess”, “From Under a Mysterious, Cold Half Mask”, “Oak Leaf”, “No “It’s not you that I love so passionately” and some others. “Russia will not be able to wait for such poems for a long time,” Belinsky would later say. (The student reads the poem “Oak Leaf.”)
The poet often visited the house major general P.S. Verzilina. On July 13, the young people decided not to go to the meeting, but to spend the evening at the Verzilins’ house. As General Verzilin’s stepdaughter, Emilia Aleksandrovna Klinkenberg, recalls, Mikhail Yuryevich gave his word not to anger the hostess, they waltzed and sat down to talk peacefully. Lev Sergeevich Pushkin joined them, and the two of them began to sharpen their tongues; they didn’t say anything particularly evil, but they said a lot of funny things. So they saw Martynov. Lermontov began making jokes at his expense, calling him a highlander with a big dagger. Martynov, having heard the last word, understood everything, turning pale, he said to Lermontov: “How many times have I asked you to leave your jokes in front of the ladies.” And he quickly walked away. To the words of Emilia Alexandrovna, “My tongue is my enemy,” Lermontov replied: “It’s nothing, tomorrow we will be good friends.” But fate decreed otherwise. After the end of the evening, in the Verzilins' hallway, Martynov repeated his words to the poet. To which he asked: “So, will you challenge me to a duel for this?” “Yes!” Martynov answered decisively, and a day was immediately set. It was named July 15th.
On July 15, 1841, approximately four miles from Pyatigorsk at the foot of Mount Mashuk, between six and seven o’clock in the afternoon, a duel took place between retired major Nikolai Martynov and lieutenant of the Tenginsky regiment Mikhail Lermontov. The day was hot, suffocating, and there was a thunderstorm in the air. On the horizon, a white cloud grew and darkened. The opponents were given loaded pistols. A shot rang out, Lermontov fell as if knocked down, not even having time to grab the sore spot. The poet is dead!
The terrible news of Lermontov's death spread throughout Pyatigorsk. Decembrist Vigelin, in a conversation with his comrade N. Lorer, shared: “Do you know that Lermontov was killed. If only thunder had fallen at my feet, even then, I think, I would have been less amazed than this time.”
And the next morning the crowd besieged the small house.
Very little time will pass, and the house in which the poet lived will become a place of pilgrimage for those who hold Lermontov’s name dear.
(Display of a video about the House-Museum of M.Yu. Lermontov.)
Lermontov was buried in the old cemetery near Mount Mashuk. On the grave there is a simple stone with only one inscription: “Mikhail”. Almost a year later, Arsenyeva obtained permission to transport the ashes of her grandson, and on April 23, 1842, Lermontov was buried for the second time in Tarkhany in the family crypt, next to the graves of his mother and grandfather.
11 guide: We continue our acquaintance with Lermontov's places in Pyatigorsk.
Aeolian harp. This gazebo was built by the Bernardazzi brothers. It is made of stone, eight columns support a massive dome, and steps lead inside. A movable weather vane connected to an iron spindle is installed on the dome. In the center the brothers placed a wooden case, inside of which there were two harps. When the weather vane turned, the case also rotated, and the wind, striking the strings of the harps, made them sound. According to contemporaries, the harps produced harmonious sounds. The gazebo was named “Aeolian Harp” in honor of the wind god Aeolus. Lermontov often visited here. We find mention of the Aeolian harp in the story “Princess Mary”.
Lermontov's Grotto. During Lermontov’s time, Emanuel Park was located on the territory adjacent to the spurs of Mashuk and above. It was also planned by the Bernardazzi brothers. There were gazebos, pavilions, grottoes. Lermontov's Grotto was built in 1830-1831. During the improvement of the city, the Bernardazzi brothers discovered a cave in a rocky slope, they finished it, carved a bench in the depths and laid a path to the grotto. The grotto began to be called after the poet, because he was often seen here, sitting in deep thought. But the grotto became especially famous after the publication of the novel “A Hero of Our Time.”
Elizabethan Gallery. Now this is the site of the Academic Gallery building. It was built in 1847 - 1851 according to the design of the architect Upton in the Italian style. Initially it was called Elizavetinskaya, as it was built on the site of the Elizavetinsky spring. The story “Princess Mary” mentions this source several times.
Lermontov baths. Formerly Nikolaev baths. This building was built by the Bernardazzi brothers in 1826-1831. They received the name Lermontov in our time in memory of the fact that M.Yu. Lermontov was treated here in 1837.
Lermontov Gallery. A gallery made of iron and glass was built parallel to the building of the Nikolaev Baths (now Lermontov Baths). It was designed by the architect Khrzhanovsky as a summer school. It was opened in 1901 and in memory of the 60th anniversary of the poet’s death it was named the Lermontov Gallery. Now it is a summer theater.
12 guide: Diana's Grotto. This is an artificial structure. It was carved into the mountain. It was built by the Bernardazzi brothers in the late 30s of the 19th century. Lermontov was a frequent visitor to the grotto. And on July 8, 1841, just a week before his death, Lermontov and his friends held a ball in this grotto.
Pyatigorsk restaurant. Finishing our tour of the ancient part of Pyatigorsk, we approach a two-story building with six stone columns.
Now it is an institute of balneology and physiotherapy. And before it was called a restaurant, i.e. it was a hotel. It was also built by the Bernardazzi brothers according to the design of the architect Charlemagne from 1824 to 1828. Lermontov often visited here, attended balls, and on his last visit to Pyatigorsk he spent one night with his relative Stolypin.
Monument to M.Yu. Lermontov. We came to a small park. In the center is a monument to M.Yu. Lermontov. The author is the wonderful Russian sculptor A.M. Opekushin. The figure of the poet is cast from bronze, and the pedestal is made of Crimean granite. This monument to the poet is the best in the country. It amazes with its simplicity and extraordinary depth of psychological expressiveness. Looking at the monument, it is easy to imagine that Lermontov sat down to rest on a rock. The overcoat is taken off, the frock coat is unbuttoned. Bowing his head, forgetting about the open book, he admired the strip of silvery mountains on the horizon... It seems that the lines are now being born:
I saw in the distance through the fog.
In the snow, hot as a diamond,
The gray, unshakable Caucasus.
And it was in my heart
Easy, I don't know why.
The pedestal for the monument is a rock in the form of a pyramid. No decorations. Only three meager details: a lyre, a laurel wreath and a feather. The date below is August 16, 1889.
Failure. Walking to Proval was a favorite pastime for young people during Lermontov’s stay here. In the novel “A Hero of Our Time” we also encounter this name.
Old Pyatigorsk Cemetery. And now we are at the site of the first burial of M.Yu. Lermontov on July 17, 1841. The grave was marked by a small stone slab with the inscription "Michael". For eight months the poet’s body rested in Pyatigorsk land. And in April 1842, the poet’s ashes in a large lead coffin were delivered to his grandmother’s estate, where he was buried in the family chapel.
Place of Lermontov's duel. We are on northwestern slope of Mashuk. In front of us is a monument at the site of Lermontov's duel. An eight-meter obelisk made of Kislovodsk sandstone, on the front side there is a bust of the poet and the dates of his short life - 1814-1841. The author of the monument is sculptor B.M. Mikeshin. It was decided to make the monument for the centenary of the poet’s birth, but they didn’t have time and it was opened in 1915. Somewhat later, a fence was made according to the design of the sculptor Kozlov. It consists of stone bullets connected by chains, and sleeping vultures in the corners.
Thousands of people come here, to this obelisk, every day to honor the memory of the poet. From here you can see a wonderful view of the surrounding mountains: the five-domed Beshtu, Mount Zheleznaya, nearby Razvalka and Zmeyka. Lermontov saw these mountains in the last minutes of his life. This is him in early youth dedicated wonderful lines:
All around left and right, like the remains of pyramids,
Rising majestically to the sky
The mountain looks from behind the mountain.
And far away their five-headed king,
Foggy, dove-blue,
Scares with its wonderful height.
Z final word from the teacher:
Guys! Our tour of Lermontov's places has come to an end. Thanks to the guides for the interesting story. And in the next lessons we will continue to study the works of the great Poet.
Excursion tour
“Through Lermontov’s places...”
Penza – Tarkhany Museum-Reserve - Nikolsk
Departure of the group from Yekaterinburg on March 26, 2018 at 11:04 (Moscow time) by train No. 101
1 day (27.03)
18:10 - Meeting of the group with the guide at the station near the carriage.
Accommodation at the Art-Penza hotel***. If desired, it is possible to visit the swimming pool (100 RUR/person) or sauna (pre-registration, 2100 RUR/2 hours/4 people).
Dinner at the hotel.
Lermontov estate in Tarkhany
Day 2 (28.03) – “Under the canopy of linden alleys...” On a visit to Lermontov.
Sightseeing bus tour of the city “The whole history of Russia is in Penza...”, during which you will see the most beautiful streets and squares of the city, monuments to Lermontov, Belinsky, D. Davydov; learn about the fate of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, with whose “light hand” Penza for a long time called the city “Bryukhovo”; They will tell you about the fate of the great theatrical reformer of young Soviet Russia V.E. Meyerhold; the youngest and most talented marshal Soviet army M. Tukhachevsky. You will also see the Drama Theater named after. Lunacharsky, the “Angel of Peace” stela, “Afghan Gate”, “Arts” Square, modern microdistricts of the city; visit the Mitrofanevsky Church (the location of the most famous icon of Penza, donated by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich).
E excursion to the Penza confectionery factory- the largest enterprise in the confectionery industry in the Penza region. Currently, the factory produces more than 130 types of products, among which are recognizable and loved since childhood: “Truffles”, “Little Red Riding Hood”, “Chamomile”, “Cockerel, Butter Head”, “Bird’s Milk” and many others. Sweet gift!
Visit to the State Museum-Reserve “Tarkhany”- Homeland of the brilliant Russian poet M.Yu. Lermontov. Excursions around the architectural and park ensemble of the estate, visiting the Manor's House, Ludskaya, the "Klyuchnik" house, the Church of Mary of Egypt, the mill. Here, in a noble estate environment, in communion with nature, with wealth native language Lermontov received indelible impressions. If you wish, you can ride horses (additional fee 50 rubles).
Theatrical performance " Days gone by charm", with a ball.
Visit Lermontov family tomb.
Dinner at the hotel.
Monument to Lermontov in Tarkhany
Day 3 (29.03) – “City of Crystal Slippers.”
Breakfast at the hotel restaurant.
Group departure to Nikolsk.
Visit private glass blowing workshop- an excellent opportunity to see with your own eyes how glassblowers blow glass using the “old-fashioned methods”
Visit Museum "Diamond Edge". A rich collection of unique crystal products from serf craftsmen, who supplied their products to the royal court and “held” the Persian market for more than 150 years.
Lunch at a cafe.
Return to the hotel.
Dinner at the hotel.
Day 4 (30.03)
Breakfast at the hotel restaurant. Release of rooms.
Excursion to Memorial Museum "Meyerhold House", where the time and aura of those years when the Great Meyerhold lived here are recreated. The authentic furnishings of the second half of the 19th century, family photographs, and memorial items give an idea of how the personality of the future Master was formed and what atmosphere reigned in the parental home.
Buying goods on the road.
Lunch at a cafe-restaurant.
Buying souvenirs.
Transfer to the railway station.
13:26 – departure to Yekaterinburg by train No. 102
Arrival in Yekaterinburg 31.03. at 22:03 (Moscow time).
The group arrives at the Ekaterinburg railway station on March 29 at 03:20 (Moscow time), by train No. 327
TOUR cost: 16,800 rubles. (schoolboy)
Included in the price:
- Accommodation in the hotel "Art-Penza"*** (2-bed "Standards");
- Meals: 3 breakfasts, 3 lunches, 3 dinners;
- Excursions according to the program, bus service according to the program, guide services;
- railway travel Ekaterinburg-Penza-Ekaterinburg (reserved seat).
