font size

ORDER of the Ministry of Education of the USSR dated 20-02-78 24 ON APPROVAL OF QUALIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS OF MANAGEMENT AND PEDAGOGICAL POSITIONS ... Relevant in 2018

SENIOR PIONEER LEADER

Job responsibilities. Organizes on the basis of the Regulations on the All-Union Pioneer Organization. IN AND. Lenin and the Regulations on the Senior and Detachment Pioneer Leader of the All-Union Pioneer Organization. IN AND. Lenin in close contact with the organizer of out-of-class and out-of-school work with children, school teachers, employees of out-of-school institutions, palaces and houses of culture, theaters and cinemas, the work of the pioneer team of the school. Instills in the pioneers devotion and love for the Soviet Motherland, Communist Party and the people, love of work, conscious discipline, perseverance in achieving goals, the ability to overcome difficulties. Organizes pioneer work at school, at the place of residence of children, in a pioneer camp. It develops the activity, initiative and initiative of the pioneers, educates the team in the spirit of unity and friendship. Selects from among the best members of the Komsomol detachment pioneer leaders, leaders of circles, sections; organizes their systematic study; directs and supervises their work. Carries out systematic study of pioneer activists; directs the work of pioneer detachments, activists and the council of the squad; together with the council of the squad selects and teaches the leaders of the October groups and stars. He prepares the Octobrists to join the ranks of the young Leninists and, together with the Komsomol committee of the pioneer school, to join the Komsomol.

Should know: resolutions and decisions of the party, the government on the further improvement of educational work at school, the leading documents of the Central Committee of the Komsomol on the problems of the activities of the Komsomol and issues of the pioneer movement; foundations of Soviet pedagogy and pedagogical psychology; content, forms and methods of work with pioneers; the procedure for maintaining the necessary documentation.

Qualification requirements. Higher or secondary specialized education.

On May 19, 1922, the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after I. V. I. Lenin. As a result, such a profession appeared in the Soviet Union - a pioneer leader. Soviet Union no, the pioneers are a thing of the past, but the profession, in a strange way, has remained. Because those who managed to work as a pioneer leader in the 70s, 80s, 90s are sure: there are no former leaders. About what it was so good to be a pioneer leader, people remember who they are in their souls.

Tothen he went to the counselors

Pioneer leaders in the USSR could work in a pioneer camp and at school (in schools there was such a staff unit - a senior pioneer leader). There, the counselor reported to the head teacher for extracurricular activities, who in turn - to the director of the school.

The salary of the senior pioneer leader was 70-80 rubles a month. As a rule, students worked as counselors, combining work with study, most often in a pedagogical university (but not necessarily).

I myself worked with the pioneers for five years, two years as a counselor and three as a deputy. director of the school for educational work. My husband likes to remember how in the first years of our life together, I, practically without waking up, sat up at night on the bed and asked him very convincingly: “Sit with my pioneers.”

In the summer, the children went to pioneer camps (however, after the 8th or 9th grade, schoolchildren still went to work in the LTO - a labor and recreation camp, and educators went with them). Pioneer camps were different.

The main camp of the country was considered "Artek" - official, pretentious, facade, all-Union. The all-Russian camp "Eaglet" near Tuapse is quite another matter. The best children were supposed to go to "Eaglet" and "Artek" - pioneer and Komsomol activists, winners of all kinds of olympiads and competitions, creative competitions and festivals. Changes in these camps, as a rule, were thematic. Vouchers were distributed through the city committees and district committees of the Komsomol, one might say, according to the order.

For example, a change of pioneer activists, you need to send the chairman of the council of the pioneer squad, preferably a girl (boy) of a certain age ... Or a sports shift - they are looking for children in sports schools and clubs, etc. These camps worked year-round, they not only rested there, but also studied. It was believed that every Soviet pioneer dreamed of visiting there.

Vouchers to the pioneer camps were both free and paid, or partially paid. In the Leningrad region, a kind of analogue of "Eaglet" was "Mirror". In the 1990s, it became possible to simply buy a ticket for your child there. From such children was created separate detachment(See Igor Pavlovsky's story about this).

The rest of the camps were mainly from various production associations, plants and factories. The richer the enterprise, the better the camp.

Pioneer life largely depended on the director of the camp and the senior pioneer leader. But I personally know few people who did not like it at all in the pioneer camp - as a rule, these are those who are allergic to discipline and a collective way of life. For the majority, this is, first of all, romance: bonfires, songs, hikes, first love, concerts, performances, etc.

Often the director of the pioneer camp formed a detachment of counselors and educators, gathering people around universities and schools. But mostly students went there, sometimes they worked for money, sometimes as part of a student group of leaders, sometimes for free. So Alla Repina worked at Orlenok as a volunteer.

Who was the young drummer?

Everything that I myself loved most in pioneering work - the Orlyat circle, evening gatherings “tell me about me” and a creative attitude to any business - came to us from Orlyonok. From 1976 to 1980, Alla Repina worked as a counselor in Orlyonok, now the editor of the Vecherny Petersburg newspaper, and then a student at the Faculty of Journalism of the Leningrad State University. The spirit of the 60s (the camp was conceived in 1957, and began its work in 1960), new ideas, a creative atmosphere - all this attracted Repina to Orlyonok, where she spent her summer student holidays.

Once a year, an international shift was organized in the camp. “Our foreigners” came to Orlyonok: disciplined Czechs and even more disciplined Germans from the GDR, cheerful Greeks and Cubans. The latter froze and could not understand why they were brought to this cold sea, and also - why can't boys and girls sleep in the same bedroom? Alla Repina remembers how Aleida Guevara March, the daughter of Comandante Ernesto Che Guevara, was the camp's guest of honor. But the real culture shock for her was the arrival of the Palestinians.

It was a detachment of young Palestinian partisans, - Alla recalls. - Unruly boys 10 - 12 years old. In the pioneer squad "Stremitelnaya", where I worked, as well as in the whole camp, the squads were specialized. Who sang, who danced. This was very suitable, for example, for the Cubans. But what to do with these Palestinian children? It was necessary to somehow discipline them, to offer something of an army plan. We decided to create a detachment of young drummers from them.

And day after day, the counselor Alla Repina, to the delight of the Palestinians, learned with them on the drum the well-known pioneer march “Who was, who was, the young drummer? What was, what was the old drum?

And so I somehow watch the news on TV, ”Alla continues. - In the Gaza Strip, there is a demonstration of Palestinians, led by respectable 40-year-old Arab guys, they go and play practically pioneer drums. My heart skipped a beat: are these the drummers? I even began to ask experts on the Middle East, how often do Palestinians go to demonstrations with drums?

adult games

Ideology in the work of the counselor, of course, was present. But the amount of this ideology depended on those who worked with children. The smart ones used it as a tool. Or - as an example of a moral ideal.

On May 19, while I was studying at a school in Ivangorod, we went on a hike, always with an overnight stay. They set up a camp on the Narova, - says Natalia Savoshchik, editor of Radio Russia, pioneer leader of the "call" in 1982-1985. Maybe that's why, having received a diploma from the Leningrad Institute of Culture with a degree in Directing Mass Holidays, Savochchik became a member of the Interuniversity Educational Squad and worked as a counselor in a pioneer camp for more than one summer. Particularly memorable was the summer of 1985, spent in the village of Anino, in a labor camp led by psychologist and teacher Anatoly Osnitsky.

In my opinion, Anatoly Viktorovich tried to adapt the Makarenko system to modern conditions, - says Savoshchik. - We did not have detachments, there were crews of different ages. All the guys were sailors, the counselors were junior officers. We wore uniforms, yellow naval shirts with epaulettes of lieutenant commanders. Cleaning, duty in the kitchen - discipline was observed easily, everything took place in a playful way.
Thanks to Osnitsky, I realized for the first time that any game is a reflection of life.

I remember how on June 22 at four in the morning an alarming howl of sirens was heard in the camp, followed by explosions of shells - the leaders and I decided not only to celebrate the day the war began, but to immerse the guys in the atmosphere of that time. On alarm, an urgent formation took place in the camp, followed by an 8-kilometer forced march to Voronya Gora, these are the Pulkovo Heights. After cleaning, they laid flowers at the memorial, and at dawn they held a Memory Watch. In my opinion, this is from the category of what shapes us and stays with us forever. The form of the camp was playful, and the relationships between people were real.

For life and health

The most difficult thing for a pioneer leader in the camp was not only to understand that at that moment you are “responsible for the life and health of children” (we all signed this phrase in orders for appointment as a pioneer leader, about organizing a school tour, about leaving high school students on vacation and etc.), but also be really responsible for the life and health of twenty to thirty children who are only a few years younger than you.

It was the profession of a counselor that taught Igor Pavlovsky, now deputy. editor-in-chief of the Regnum agency, to work with large complex teams. Pavlovsky, then a student of the Faculty of History of the Pedagogical Institute, worked as a counselor in the summer of 1991-1993. And he clearly remembers the moment when he first felt like an adult. Pioneer camp "Mirror". Summer of 92. Igor, who came to the shift as an assistant, is put as a leader in the most difficult senior consolidated detachment.

If creative teams of the Palace of Pioneers, pioneer and Komsomol activists rested in other detachments, then in the senior consolidated - gouging (Pavlovsky's definition), for whom wealthy parents bought tickets to the best camp in the Leningrad Region. Igor met his detachment on the railway platform, brought it to the residential building, built it. 20 people are standing, everyone is looking at him and waiting for what he will say. It was then that Pavlovsky realized that now he was the last one here. “Yesterday you were still a student of 18 years old, and today -“ I am responsible for life and health ”- Igor Pavlovsky clarifies his condition at that time.

The following summer, Pavlovsky was in the "Mirror" was a counselor at the club "Dare" of the Palace of Pioneers. Together they came up with the symbolism of the detachment: a coat of arms, a flag - a blue canvas, in the center a folio with a feather and gold stars in a circle, as is now the case with the European Union. But he has nothing to do with it - so Igor's passion for "Gold on Blue" by Grebenshchikov influenced the pioneer life. Igor still communicates with some of his pupils, for example, with Elizaveta Aghamalyan, press secretary of the speaker of the Legislative Assembly. And in the assistants of the pioneer leader Pavlovsky was the now famous Denis Klyaver from the Tea Together group.

I remember, - says Igor, - that in the camp we slept for 2-3 hours, no more. You fiddle with the children all day, and after lights out, the leader's life begins. In our country, for example, part of the leader’s detachment went by boat to the island at night, we sang there, burned bonfires and cooked “gummy berries-juice” - for three liters of plum compote one liter of Royal alcohol and mix ...

Now there are no counselors at the school, only the head teacher for educational work remains. AT summer camps there is something similar to the pioneer leaders, although they are called differently. However, in fact, these are all the same young people who are attracted by the same romance. And songs are still sung by the fire with a guitar, and they go hiking ... With ideals, it’s only more difficult, it’s not very clear who to offer children as these ideals .

DECISION

Name Russian Federation

March 10, 2010 Pavlovka

Nikolaevskiy district court of the Ulyanovsk region

presiding judge Dovzhenko T.The.

Under Secretary Vasechkina V.I.,

Having considered in open court a civil case on the claim of A * L * P * to the State Institution - the Office of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation in the Pavlovsky District of the Ulyanovsk Region on the appointment of an early retirement old-age pension in connection with pedagogical activity,

SET UP:

A* filed a lawsuit against the State Institution of the Pension Fund Administration of the Russian Federation in the Pavlovsk District of the Ulyanovsk Region for the appointment of an early retirement old-age pension in connection with pedagogical activity, indicating that on January 15, 2010 she filed an application with the Pension Fund Administration of the Russian Federation in Pavlovsk district on the appointment of an early retirement old-age pension according to the available documents. On the day of applying to the Pension Fund, experience pedagogical activity in state and municipal institutions for children exceeds more than 25 years. Despite this, the Commission for Consideration of Issues of the Implementation of Citizens' Pension Rights denied her an early appointment of an old-age labor pension due to the absence of at least 25 years of special teaching experience. She does not agree with the decision of the commission, since the periods are not included in the teaching experience: from September 10, 1985 to August 31, 1986, from September 02, 1987 to August 31, 1988, from September 2, 1990 to November 20, 1991 - work as a senior pioneer leader in the Ilyushkinskaya secondary school; from September 10, 1993 to September 01, 1994 - work as an organizer of the children's movement. He asks to oblige the defendant to include the indicated periods in the length of service and to recognize the right to an early retirement old-age pension from the date of application, that is, from January 15, 2010.

At the hearing, the plaintiff A * fully supported her claims, explaining that she had been working at the Ilyushkinskaya secondary school since 1985, from 09/10/1985 she was transferred to the position of senior pioneer leader. In addition, in parallel with the duties of a senior pioneer leader, she taught lessons from grades 5 to 9 of various profiles: drawing, drafting, music, that is, she worked as a teacher, for which she received a salary and additional payment for working as a senior pioneer leader. However, there is no entry in the work book, that she worked as a teacher, only "transferred to the position of senior pioneer leader" is indicated. Considers that the periods of her work as a senior pioneer leader from September 10, 1985 to August 31, 1986, from September 02, 1987 to August 31, 1988, from September 02, 1990 to November 20, 1991 are subject to inclusion in the special teaching experience.

In addition, from 09/10/1993 to 09/01/1994 she worked as a teacher primary school and at the same time, she was entrusted with the duties of the organizer of the children's movement for 0.5 rates. However, there is no entry in the work book that she worked as a teacher, it only says “transferred to the position of organizer of the children's movement”, although the pay lists show that she worked as a teacher, received a salary as a teacher and an additional payment for the organizer of the children's movement. The title of the position "Senior Pioneer Leader" was renamed in 1993 to "Organizer of the Children's Movement" for one year in connection with the order of the Ministry of Education, however, the functional responsibilities remained the same, the job description did not change, the main activities of the senior leader remained as they were: promotion of the development and activities of children's public organizations, associations, organization of students' leisure, work with children during school and vacation time. She believes that the period of her work as an organizer of the children's movement from 09/10/1993 to 09/01/1994 should also be included in the special teaching experience.

The representative of the respondent of the State Institution of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation in the Pavlovsky District of the Ulyanovsk Region A * disagrees with the claim, explained that on January 15, 2010 A * applied to the UPF RF in the Pavlovsky District with a statement on the appointment of an early retirement old-age pension in connection with the implementation of pedagogical activities. However, she was refused on the grounds that she did not have the necessary experience. At the time of the application, the plaintiff's pedagogical activity was 20 years 10 months 01 day.

Periods from September 10, 1985 to August 31, 1986, from September 02, 1987 to August 31, 1988, from September 02, 1990 to November 20, 1991 - work as a senior pioneer leader in the Ilyushkinskaya secondary school, and from September 10, 1993 to 09/01/1994 - work as an organizer of the children's movement - are not subject to inclusion in the special teaching experience, since according to the List of works, professions and positions and institutions approved by the Government of the Russian Federation of 10.29.2002 No. 781 "On lists of jobs, professions and positions, specialties and institutions”, taking into account which an old-age pension is assigned ahead of schedule, in the “name of positions” section, the position “senior pioneer leader” and “organizer of the children's movement” is absent. Considers that the claim is not subject to satisfaction.

The representative of the third party, the Department of Education of the Administration of the MO "Pavlovsky District", having been duly notified of the day, place and time of the hearing of the case, did not appear in court, submitted a statement on the consideration of the case in their absence.

The court, after hearing the parties, examining the written materials of the case, comes to the following.

According to p.p. 19 paragraph 1 of Art. 27 of the Federal Law of December 17, 2001 “On labor pensions in the Russian Federation”, an old-age labor pension is assigned before reaching the age established by Article 7 of this Federal Law to persons who have been engaged in teaching activities in institutions for children for at least 25 years, regardless of their age.

According to paragraph 2 of this norm, the Lists of relevant works, industries, professions, positions, specialties and institutions (organizations), taking into account which an old-age labor pension is assigned in accordance with paragraph 1 of this article, the rules for calculating periods of work (activity) and the appointment of this pensions are approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

The court found that A* has been teaching since 01/14/1985 to the present, currently in the position of a primary school teacher in institutions for children. This circumstance is confirmed by the work book A *, an extract from the order of 16.01.1985 No. 155, according to which A * was appointed as a teacher in the extended day group from 14.01.1985 (based on the order of the RONO No. 229 of 15.01. school.

The position of a teacher and the name of the educational institution - school are provided for by the Lists of positions and institutions, work in which is counted in the length of service, giving the right to an early appointment of a labor pension in connection with pedagogical activity.

According to an extract from order No. 166 of September 10, 1985, A * was transferred from the position of an educator of an extended day group to the position of a senior pioneer leader.

According to the Job Description, the senior counselor performs the following duties: promotes the development and activities of children's public organizations, associations, helps in programming their activities on the principles of voluntariness, amateur performance, humanity and democracy, taking into account the initiative, interests and needs of students.

According to the tariff and qualification characteristics for the positions of employees of educational institutions of the Russian Federation, the senior counselor, according to his official duties: contributes to the development and activities of children's public organizations, associations, helps in programming their activities on the principles of voluntariness, amateur performance, humanity and democracy, taking into account the initiative, interests and needs of students (pupils , children)… organizes vacations. Learns and uses best practices in working with children and adolescents…

In pursuance of the above Law, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 29, 2002 No. 781 (as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 26, 2009 No. 449) approved the List of positions and institutions, work in which is counted as work experience, giving the right to early appointment of a labor old-age pensions for persons who carried out pedagogical activities in institutions for children. The above list does not provide for the position of a senior pioneer leader, this position was not provided for by the regulations in force until 01/01/2002, which were adopted in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation dated 11/20/1990 "On State Pensions in the Russian Federation".

At the time of fulfillment A * of the duties of a senior pioneer leader - from 09/10/1985 to 11/20/1991 - the Regulations on the procedure for calculating the length of service for assigning pensions for length of service to workers in education and health, approved by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated 12/17/1959 No. 1397 "On pensions for years of service to workers in education, health care and agriculture. Paragraph 2 of this Regulation provided that the work experience of teachers and other educational workers included, among others, work in colleges, schools, pioneer camps and orphanages as senior pioneer leaders. By virtue of clause 4 of the Regulation, the period of work in the position of “pioneer leader” was counted as work experience in the specialty if at least 2/3 of the length of service required for the appointment of a pension in accordance with this Regulation took place in institutions, organizations, positions, work in which it gave education workers the right to a pension for long service.

The court established that the plaintiff has been continuously teaching at the Ilyushkinskaya secondary school since 1985 to the present, which is confirmed by the materials of the case.

Thus, the defendant unreasonably periods from September 10, 1985 to August 31, 1986, from September 02, 1987 to August 31, 1988, from September 02, 1990 to November 20, 1991 - work as a senior pioneer leader in the Ilyushkinsky secondary general education school are not included in the pedagogical experience.

In addition, the plaintiff also stated the requirement to include in the pedagogical work experience period from September 10, 1993 to September 01, 1994 - work as an organizer of the children's movement.

According to the work book, an extract from order No. 14 dated September 10, 1993, the plaintiff was transferred to the position of organizer of the children's movement.

According to certificate No. 184 dated February 5, 2010, issued by the Department of Education of the Administration of the Pavlovsky District, A * worked as an organizer of the children's movement and a primary school teacher in Ilyushkinskaya secondary school from September 1, 1993 to September 1, 1994.

During the court session, it was established that A *, working as an organizer of the children's movement, performed the functional duties of a senior pioneer leader - organizing students' leisure, working with children during school and vacation time, that is, her duties did not change, the job description did not change, she did that same job. In addition, during this period of time she worked as a primary school teacher.

According to an extract from order No. 12 dated 11/21/1991, A*, the position of a teacher in grade 1 was presented for the period of maternity leave of teacher C* from 11/21/1991.

According to the billing list, in the column "position held, subject taught" it is indicated "organizer of the children's movement 0.5 rates, teacher of grade 4", in the column "rate per month, taking into account the increase" it is indicated opposite "the organizer of the children's movement" - 35300 rubles, opposite " teacher "- 70600 rubles.

According to the reference card dated 1985, on A * in the column "position, head, subject" it is indicated "organizer of the children's movement 0.5 st. - salary 35,300 rubles, teacher of the 4th grade - salary 70,600 rubles.

Witness S* testified to the court that she also worked as a teacher at the Ilyushkinskaya secondary school, A* worked in an extended day group, then in 1985 she was transferred to the position of a senior pioneer leader, at the same time she also taught lessons: music, drawing, drawing. Since 1991, A * took her 1st grade, and at the same time performed the duties of an organizer of the children's movement. holiday, eight-hour work day. The title of the position with a pioneer leader was changed to the organizer of the children's movement for literally one year on the basis of an order from the Ministry of Education. A year later, this position again became known as the "senior pioneer leader." The duties of the pioneer leader and the organizer of the children's movement did not change, the organizers of the children's movement worked according to the job description of the senior leader. Wages A* received as a primary school teacher, plus an additional payment for the organizer of the children's movement.

Witness G* testified to the court that since 1973 she worked at the Ilyushkinskaya secondary school as a teacher of Russian language and literature, A* has been working at the school since 1985 as a pioneer leader. In addition, A * also taught lessons: music, drawing, drafting, work, being at the workplace full time. In 1993, the position of the senior pioneer leader was renamed the organizer of the children's movement, but the duties of A * did not change, she did all the same work - organizing students' leisure time during school and vacation time. A year later, this position again became known as the "senior pioneer leader."

In addition, in Resolution No. 2-P of January 29, 2004, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation indicates that citizens who acquired pension rights before the introduction of new legal regulation retain their previously acquired rights to a pension in accordance with the conditions and norms of the legislation of the Russian Federation in force on moment of acquisition.

Thus, the periods: from September 10, 1985 to August 31, 1986, from September 02, 1987 to August 31, 1988, from September 02, 1990 to November 20, 1991 - work as a senior pioneer leader in the Ilyushkinskaya secondary school; from September 10, 1993 years to September 01, 1994 - work as an organizer of the children's movement must be included in the length of service for the appointment of an early old-age pension in connection with pedagogical activity. The refusal of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation in the Pavlovsk region is unreasonable. Plaintiff A* has the required teaching experience of at least 25 years to grant an early labor old-age pension in connection with her teaching activities on the day of applying to the Pension Fund Administration from January 15, 2010.

Based on the foregoing and guided by Articles 194-199 of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation, the court

I DECIDED:

ClaimsA*L*P*satisfy.

oblige government agency- The Office of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation in the Pavlovsky District of the Ulyanovsk Region should be included in the special teaching experience, giving the right to early appointment of an old-age labor pension in connection with the implementation of pedagogical activities A * periods: from September 10, 1985 to August 31, 1986, from September 02 1987 to August 31, 1988, from September 02, 1990 to November 20, 1991 - work as a senior pioneer leader in the Ilyushkinskaya secondary school; old age in connection with the implementation of pedagogical activities from the date of application, from January 15, 2010.

The decision can be appealed to the Ulyanovsk Regional Court through the Nikolaevsky District Court (r.p. Pavlovka, st. 50 let VLKSM building 6) within 10 days from the date of the decision in the final form.

JudgeT.V.Dovzhenko

JudgeT.V. Dovzhenko

The dean of one of the faculties of the Academy of Public Administration Vladimir Kiselyov knows this firsthand. Once upon a time, he himself was a detachment leader.

- Vladimir Nikolaevich, please tell us a story about waste paper from your own experience as a counselor!

Once, in order to make waste paper collection attractive to the guys, we came up with a whole story. Then many were fond of the work of the Leningrad writer Volt Suslov. My friends and I contacted him. They invited me to join my squad, and he honestly told me that he had conceived a new work, and I am working on it now. In order for the book to turn out to be illustrative, on good paper, you need to collect a certain amount of waste paper. Having collected the named amount - the bill went to tons! - the pioneers reported to Volta Suslov. The book came out, and the writer immediately came to school with it, presented a copy with an autograph and wishes to our library. It is clear that it was not without cunning on the part of adults. But the collection was motivated. In some places, of course, they were engaged in "ornithology" - they worked for the sake of a "tick" or a "bird". The district committee of the Komsomol scrupulously counted kilograms and tons - which pioneer squad collected more, she won. The next year, we, the counselors, came up with a game of stations. Children studied how many trees needed to be spent on making paper of a certain grade, and solved other problems. The answers led the children to understand that this was an important state matter.

Later you long time worked in the Leningrad Palace of Pioneers, became its last director. At that time, the methodical work of the entire city pioneer organization was concentrated in the former Anichkov Palace. The key people in it were the pioneer leaders. What were their tasks?

I became the director of the Leningrad Palace of Pioneers named after Zhdanov in 1990, at the most critical period. A year later, the former Anichkov became the St. Petersburg City Palace of Youth Creativity. But the meaning of his activity has not changed - to serve the interests of children, organizing their leisure time for the benefit of health and creative development. For seven years prior to my appointment as director, I was deputy director for academic work, was in charge of creative teams, had only a tangential relation to the organization of pioneer work. But of course, I know the tasks of counselors. The guide had to teach the pioneers many practical skills: how to light a fire with one match during a campaign, how to properly set up a tent and not get wet in it if it rains, how to cook delicious food on a fire. The leaders were required to play sports themselves and be able to organize competitions in pioneer ball and "adult" sports. With the active participation of the counselors, the hockey tournament "Golden Puck" was invented. At the same time, the leaders created theatrical studios or clubs of poetry lovers, musical groups. Having aroused in talented children an interest in any creative or scientific field, competent counselors sent them to the district House of Pioneers or the Zhdanov City Palace to professional teachers in this area.

The commander of the parade on Palace Square, the chairman of the City Pioneer Headquarters, Maxim Sokolov, gives a report to the chairman of the Leningrad Council of the pioneer organization, Oleg Kuzin, in the presence of the first secretary of the regional committee of the Komsomol, Valentina Matvienko

In each Soviet school was a senior pioneer leader, who was a member of the teaching staff. So, there were also ordinary pioneer leaders?

In Soviet times, the position of senior pioneer leader was listed in the staff list of each secondary school. The work of a senior pioneer leader was counted in the teaching experience on a par with the teaching experience. The senior counselor was taught in pedagogical schools and some pedagogical universities in our country. The most serious of them, the Kostroma Pedagogical Institute, was engaged in both the training of counselors and its methodological support - in general, it developed this profession on a scientific basis. At St. Petersburg University named after Herzen, the pioneer movement was studied at the Department of Pedagogy. In the tariff-qualification directory with official duties 2010, the standards of which are approved by the Ministry of Labor, you can find a formalized job description senior counselor, which lists all his functions and qualification requirements. The position still exists, only it is called not “pioneer leader”, but “senior leader” or “leader in children's camps”. Leaders appeared at the school in 1922, immediately with the formation of the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin. Senior counselors were appointed a little later - at first the work went on at the level of detachments. A pioneer detachment operated in each class of the school, and classmates were not accepted into it at the same time - first the best of the best, but gradually everyone else. As a result, the class became completely pioneer. High school students, as a rule, acted as detachment pioneer leaders, and by the October classes in primary school sometimes they "attached" chefs from among the seventh-grader pioneers.

In the early years of the existence of the pioneers in the USSR, proletarians often became detachment leaders. More precisely, working youth from enterprises, from youth organizations, universities, as well as from theaters and other creative teams. Gradually, on the basis of the experience of social work, a “vacated” position of a senior pioneer leader who received a salary arose. The senior pioneer leader was responsible for organizing all extracurricular activities and the system of educational work at school. And the detachment leaders were voluntary assistants to the elder.

That is, the senior counselor coordinated the work of the detachments. If the school was large, two senior counselors sometimes worked in it. The principal of the school determined their interaction, subordination, and so on. When in the early 1970s the post of deputy director of the school for educational work was created, the counselors became his subordinates. I note that experienced teachers valued the counselor as a colleague who was a useful and good assistant - here is energy over the edge, and healthy ambitions, and powerful creative potential. The leader, as a rule, was a little older than the pioneers themselves - the age distance was three to four years. Therefore, the wards had special confidence in him, as to their own and at the same time - an idol.

Do you know examples when an older teacher was delayed in the position of a pioneer leader - for example, when he was over forty years old?

The senior pioneer leaders were mainly graduates of pedagogical universities or even students of evening and correspondence departments. There were examples when people remained in this "youth" position almost until retirement. But in general, a counselor is a profession with a quick "burnout". Three or five years, and you have to make way for the young. The eyes no longer burn as before, it becomes uninteresting to oneself, and the pioneers very quickly feel this falsehood. Many successful people now remember leader's work as a good start.

My childhood, from 1996 to 2005, was spent in pioneer camps, that is, in children's health centers. In our detachments, counselors also worked as assistants to educators. Can we consider them "heirs" of the pioneer leaders of the Soviet era?

Of course! In Soviet times, in the same way, a counselor and educator worked in the detachment, who had more organizational functions - he was responsible for the entire daily routine. The counselors were engaged in the preparation of specific creative activities and accustomed the child to perform elementary household duties, because at home everything was done for him by his parents.

Now the political component of the leader's work has simply disappeared, despite the fact that it was not the main one in Soviet times. Even if the leaders conducted political information, they were interesting for the children. I myself taught classes at the City Pioneer Headquarters on current politics, taught my listeners to independently evaluate and analyze events. After all, "Pionerskaya Pravda" and "Lenin's sparks" gave stamped, boring comments. In a narrow circle, one could afford relatively sincere conversations with the guys who valued the trust of an older comrade.

The Palace of Pioneers had its own camp "Mirror", it still operates, being called a suburban center for children and youth creativity. I went there as a student. Mornings at Zerkalny always started with exercises, the day ended with Svetlana, a melody from the film Hussar Ballad, which still sounds there - from the very opening of the camp in 1969:

Moonlight glades, night, like day, bright ...

Sleep, my Svetlana, sleep as I slept.

Bury your nose in the corner of the pillow

The stars, like freckles, peacefully shine down.

“Svetlana” sounded - it means lights out, everyone is in bed. In the morning, call signs are heard, which are also preserved in the "Mirror".

Pioneers hand over waste paper at the door of the school. Archive photo

- Was the value of counselors higher in schools or in pioneer camps?

Certainly in the camps. But the leader in the camp is an even more “burnable” job than at school. Two years in a row is already a serious experience. After all, they are there with the children around the clock. Therefore, in the camp, both detachment leaders and senior leaders have always received and receive a salary. By the way, counselors, as in Soviet times, are helped by our St. Petersburg children's magazine Koster, which is still published in St. Petersburg. Were professional magazine"Counselor", a lot of instructive and methodological materials from work experience were printed there. In the Palace of Pioneers, materials were published every year - guidelines how you can build the life of pioneer squads this academic year. In that “Mirror” school, a school of leader skills was held annually, seminars were held, there were lectures, but more often - workshops. The newspaper "Lenin's sparks" organized all sorts of city-wide actions. The Red Pathfinder movement was, in fact, born of this paper. When I was a pioneer, the counselors and I were searching in the Tosnensky district - there, in the swamp, they found the details of the aircraft, removed the pilot's belongings from there - half-decayed documents were preserved in the tablet. Subsequently, according to these documents, we managed to find out his name - Alexei Rychin. Prior to that, he was listed as missing. We have been looking for his relatives for two years, waiting for a response from the archives for months, sending new requests. And yet they found a sister and other relatives of the pilot in Perm. They came to the village where I was studying then. A solemn burial of the remains of the hero who died defending the Motherland took place. I remember how we met them and went to this grave. Now I go there very rarely, but I always go to Aleksey Rychin Street. After all, she appeared on the map thanks to what was done by the boys and girls of our class, led by the counselor, back in 1965.

Yes, counselor everyday life is really impressive! But there were holidays in the activity of the pioneer organization, didn't they? There was a beautiful dress uniform, badges, ties - did the counselors wear them?

The form, of course, was - both ceremonial and everyday. Pioneer tie, badge, chevrons: the leader has one, the chairman of the detachment council has two, the chairman of the squad council has three. The senior pioneer leader, of course, already a member of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union (VLKSM), wore a Komsomol badge on his chest. Every year on May 19, the birthday of the Pioneer Organization, a parade was always held in Leningrad on Palace Square. The right to reach it was granted only to the right-flank squads. Many of them were named after famous scientists, commanders or war heroes. From the podium, the parade was commanded by the chairman of the City Pioneer Headquarters. In each class there was a chairman of the Council of the detachment, in the school - the chairman of the Council of the squad, in the area there were pioneer headquarters, consisting of representatives of the squads of all schools in the district, and the main headquarters - the city. He was in the Palace of Pioneers. At one time, the current Minister of Transport of Russia, Maxim Sokolov, was the chairman of the City Pioneer Headquarters. I have a photograph in my personal archive where he, as a high school boy, commands a parade and gives a report to Oleg Kuzin, then chairman of the Leningrad Council of a pioneer organization, future editor-in-chief of Lenpravda and St. Petersburg Vedomosti. The report is given in the presence of Valentina Matvienko, in those days - the first secretary of the regional committee of the Komsomol, and now - the chairman of the Federation Council of Russia.

Pioneers in socially useful activities, such as collecting waste paper, were followed by their younger comrades, the Octoberites. Archive photo

A PROPOS

Vladimir Nikolaevich Kiselev - Honored Worker of Culture of Russia, is a member of the Board of the World Club of Petersburgers

Publication cover: Vladimir Nikolaevich Kiselev. Photo from personal archive