Injection (translated from Latin - “injection”) - parenteral administration of medicinal substances (the entry of drugs into the body, bypassing the digestive tract). A syringe and an injection needle are required to perform the injection.

Syringe - an instrument in the form of a hollow graduated cylinder with a piston for pumping or sucking fluids, introduced into the tissues and cavities of the body.

The injection needle is intended for the introduction of drug solutions, blood sampling from a vein or artery, blood transfusion. It is used together with a syringe, as well as with a system for transfusing fluids or blood.

Single-use syringes and needles must be disposed of after a single use. The single use of an injection syringe and needle is regulated by written instructions and a special symbol of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), indicating the inadmissibility of reuse.

The volume (capacity) of syringes is determined by their purpose and varies according to GOST from 1 to 50 ml. Syringes with a volume of 0.3; 0.5 and 1.0 ml are used for accurate administration of drugs (tuberculin, insulin, standard allergen extracts) in small volumes - from 0.01 ml.

Components of a reusable syringe:

Cylinder (glass);

Needle cone (metal);

A piston that has a retainer and a handle (made of metal).

Components of a single-use syringe:

Cylinder with finger rest;

Needle cone;

Piston with handle (all parts are made of polymeric materials).

The injection needle is a narrow metal tube made of certain grades of steel, one end of which is cut and pointed - needle shear , and the other is tightly attached to the short muff (cannula) for connection to a syringe or elastic tube. Reusable injection needles are made entirely of metal. For single-use injection needles, the sleeve (cannula) is plastic.

The main parameters of the needle: length, diameter, sharpening angle. Needles come in various lengths (from 16 to 90 mm) and diameters (from 0.4 to 2 mm). The cutting angle of the injection needles ranges from 15 to 45 degrees.

Let's talk about the types of syringes, without which medicine would have remained at the embryonic stage. There are a number of diseases when it is completely forbidden to use tablets and syrups. This, for example, can be diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. And it happens that the disease has developed and progressed so quickly that the pills will act for a very long time and can be fatal. And the only chance to urgently save a person's life is injections. Initially, syringes were reusable (in the 19th century), which did not always make it possible to make the procedure sterile. And since the demand for them was great, scientists came to the conclusion that it was necessary to make them disposable. This happened, but later, already in the 20th century.

A little about the invention of the syringe

The famous veterinarian Murdoch from New Zealand created the first disposable syringe and put it into use not only in animals, but also in humans. At first, disposable instruments were two-component. Later they began to be created from three components.

All modern syringes are divided into several categories:

1. needle attachment,
2. design,
3. cylinder volume,
4. tip location.

Needle attachment There are three types of cylinders:

• fixed (syringe volume 0.3-0.5 ml),
• luer (from 1 ml to 100 ml),
• luer-lock (for syringes with a machine drive or for droppers).

By design devices are divided into two types:

• two-component (this type is very outdated and the procedure is very painful due to the lack of a seal; the piston in the cylinder is not fixed and moves inside, creating vibrations of the needle);
• three-component (a rubber seal has been added, which prevents plastic particles from getting under the skin, and also makes the needle piercing smooth, without picking inside the muscle).

By cylinder volume all syringes are divided into:

• small (for insulin, for skin tests for allergies, for use in neonatology, as well as vaccination);
• standard (volume from 2 ml to 22 ml, used for intramuscular and subcutaneous injections);
• large (volume from 30 ml to 100 ml is used for suction of liquids, washing).

There are two cone position:

• eccentric (the position of the cone is displaced and such a syringe is used for blood sampling, the tip is located in the side of the cylinder),
• concentric (the tip is located right in the center of the cylinder, such devices are suitable for conventional injections).

Expiry date of syringes

The term of use of the device does not change at all from whether it is two or three-component, and also what volume it is. But the type of sterilization significantly affects its suitability. Depending on the type of sterilization, the terms can vary from three to five years. During this time, it must remain sterile and non-toxic.

When the deadlines come to an end, you can continue to use it, but only if it was far from direct sunlight. If the storage has exceeded ten years, then the materials in it are aging, and in the case of an injection, particles can get under the skin of the patient. It is also dangerous to use a syringe if the storage was carried out in a damaged package or without it at all. It is very important to observe the expiration date so as not to harm the patient.

Classification of disposable syringes

Simple disposable often used for injection only. They come in different sizes such as 2 ml, 3 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml, 20 ml and 50 ml. Nowadays, it is sold in a separate package of polyethylene and paper, hermetically sealed.

Syringe jane. Of all the existing injection devices used in medicine, it is the largest. Its volume is 150 ml. It is often used to suck or inject large amounts of fluid from or into the body. May not be used as directed. Often used as an enema. They may receive intravenous infusions. Before you start using it, it is very important to make sure it is sterile.

insulin. Their volume is 1 ml. With this syringe, people with diabetes mellitus inject doses of insulin into the body. The needle is designed in such a way that patients inject the drug themselves and the procedure is facilitated and without pain.

All cylinders are marked not only in milliliters, but also in units (this is the unit for calculating the dose of insulin). 1 ml = 100 U. The special shape of the piston makes the introduction of the drug as accurate as possible. The usual one has a markup of 1 unit, for children - 0.5 or 0.25 units. Once upon a time, insulin syringes with a markup of 40 units were used. These are now out of use. Very often, a syringe pen is used to administer this medication. Even though it is considered a one-time use, it can be used until the needle becomes blunt. But this syringe is not so convenient if you use it for insulin dosed. The piston will be moved away from the cylinder and will become uncomfortable to wear.

Syringe tube. Almost every health worker who goes home has it. It already stores the medicine, which is absolutely sterile and is used once. They immediately formed the required dose of the drug at one time. The drug is in a sealed container-vessel and is always stored in a bag with a medical worker on the road.

Self-locking. This type of syringe is mainly used to carry out a large number of injections in order to immunize the population. The main task is to control the health worker and prevent him from using the same tool twice. After use, the piston is blocked and re-use is simply excluded. This not only makes it possible for someone to check the medical staff for fraud, but it is also much easier for the health worker himself to figure out which syringe is used if he accidentally gets into the box with new ones.

Classification of reusable syringes

Regular reusable. It was invented in the 19th century. In those days, disinfection was carried out only with the help of sterilization. And so they were made of heat-resistant glass, which can withstand temperatures up to 200 degrees. The needle and piston were made of metal.

They were sold in special containers in brown paper, which was called a “kraft bag”. Due to constant boiling, the needles became dull. Before each use, they were rubbed with a special wire "mandrin" in order to make it sharper. And due to poor disinfection, these syringes transmitted a large number of diseases. Now these are no longer used and they have been replaced by reusable ones, but already improved by centuries and progress.

Syringe pen. This device has already been described above. With the help of a syringe pen, insulin is injected into the body of a person with diabetes mellitus. It is very similar to a fountain pen. The needle is quite thin, just like in an insulin syringe. Only the main difference is that the injection itself is much simpler. You simply press the button in the upper part of the body, then the mechanism works and a strictly marked dose of medicine flows out of the cartridge. But that doesn't mean it's all. There may still be medication left in the cartridge for the next appointment. There are pens with a removable needle, and there are with a permanent one. The second must be sterilized. If the needle is changed, then this should be done about once a week.

syringe dart. Often used in veterinary medicine. For them, there are special guns that are refueled with darts. It is used when it is necessary to lull a wild animal for a while with a tranquilizer and from a great distance. Also, it is possible to place the drug in it not only for the euthanasia of the animal, but also for treatment.

Syringe gun. This device is designed for independent use. It is suitable for use with 5 ml syringes. It is this size that will fit snugly to the gun, not loosen and will not damage the skin or muscle during the shot. Its inventor claims that the shot is very fast and accurate, and the patient does not feel pain at all. The needle hits exactly the target and it remains only to press the piston to inject the liquid.

Types of needles for syringes

By studying the issue of medicine and injections globally, one can understand that there are not only different types of injection syringes, but also the needles themselves. The relationship of the syringe and needle, their correct selection, as well as the correct choice of the device for a particular drug, greatly simplifies the treatment process and makes it much more comfortable. Medical needles are divided into two types:

• injection (they are designed to enter and withdraw fluid from the body, empty inside and absolutely sterile);
• surgical (these are curved needles with an eye at one end, used for stitching tissues during operations).

In matters of treatment and the use of various injections, you must rely on your doctor. It is very important not to self-medicate unless you are an experienced doctor.

Intramuscular injections are one of the most common medical manipulations. Most often, nurses encounter it in treatment rooms and intensive care units. It is they who know which syringe for intramuscular injection is better to choose, and what to focus on when choosing. The article reflects the experience of health workers who have worked in treatment rooms for more than 15 years and have performed several thousand intramuscular injections.

Syringe design

There are two main types of disposable syringes: two-component and three-component. The first type of syringes consists of a cylinder and a piston with a rod, made in the form of one piece. The three-component syringe additionally uses a rubber seal, which is located at the end of the piston.

Most nurses do not even have a question which syringes to choose - preference is given to 3-component ones. This is explained by the greater ease of sliding of the piston along the cylinder, which greatly facilitates the implementation of injections. Some 2-component syringes are as smooth as 3-component syringes, but this statement is true only for products manufactured by European manufacturers.

The disadvantages of 2-component syringes include insufficient tightness of the piston to the cylinder, which does not exclude the possibility of drug leakage. It is especially unpleasant when an expensive drug leaks out. This disadvantage is inherent in the cheapest syringes.

Important! Smoother drug administration results in less painful injections.

One of the disadvantages of 3-component syringes can be considered the fact that the latex used in the manufacture of the sealant can cause allergies in persons with a predisposition. However, some manufacturers make seals from completely inert materials that do not contain latex; packages with such syringes are labeled “Latex-free”.

Needle lock type

When buying a syringe for intramuscular injection, you should pay attention to the way the needle is attached to the syringe. There are two main types:

1. Luer Slip - the needle is put on the cannula of the syringe and is held on it due to a snug fit. For most injections, this is sufficient. However, the disadvantage of this type of retainer is that it is possible for the needle to come off the cannula if the plunger is pressed too hard. Especially often such a nuisance happens with the introduction of thick, oily drugs.
2. Luer Lock - the needle is screwed into the thread lock. The chance of the needle slipping during an injection is zero. Most nurses prefer to work with just such syringes.

Some models of syringes are sold with needles already put on the cannula. When deciding how to choose the right syringe for injection, there is no fundamental difference between these models and options with a separate syringe and needle. In any case, the nurse will have to make sure that the needle is firmly on.

Characteristics of the injection needle

When choosing a syringe for intramuscular injections, special attention should be paid to the needle - its characteristics often determine how painful the injection will be. The following characteristics are important:

1. The diameter and length of the needle. For a patient of normal build, the optimal needle for intramuscular injection is a needle with a diameter of 0.8 mm and a length of 45-70 mm. You can determine the diameter of the diameter by the color of the pavilion - the color marking of the needles is carried out according to the global standard: green indicates that the needle has an outer diameter of 0.8 mm, and yellow - 0.9 mm. The length of the needle can be estimated visually. For overweight people, it is better to take longer needles - at least 70 mm, since due to the severity of the subcutaneous tissue, it is likely that a short needle will not reach the muscles during the injection.
2. Sharpening the tip of the needle. The most common type of injection needle sharpening is flat. As a rule, injections with such needles are the most painful. The leaders in the production of medical consumables sell syringes with spear-shaped or trihedral needles - the moment of tissue puncture by such needles is practically not felt by patients. This aspect is especially important when deciding how to choose a syringe for injection for a child.
3. Needle grinding. For better glide of the needle, its processing (grinding) with a silicone compound is provided. Of course, an amateur will not be able to determine by the appearance of the needle whether it has been polished. To resolve this issue, you can ask the pharmacist for a certificate. If there is a mention of the ISO 7864 standard in it, then the needle is lubricated.

Given the above characteristics, the image of the “ideal” syringe for intramuscular injection will be as follows: it is a three-piece syringe with a Luer Lock fastening, with a needle ground according to ISO 7864 with a triangular (spear-shaped) sharpening.

Which syringes have fewer complications

The syringe selection criteria listed above guide the patient on how comfortable the injection will be for him. The frequency of complications in most cases depends on the thoroughness of the injection technique. Complications after injections in the buttock (as the most common type of intramuscular injection):

• infiltrates - are formed due to too rapid administration of the drug, with the introduction of cold preparations, with the introduction of drugs into the subcutaneous tissue (due to a short needle);
• abscess - the most unpleasant complication after an injection in the buttock, which occurs most often when performing injections at home;
• nerve damage - usually occurs in thin people and children when using needles that are too long;
• hematomas - occur most often when using blunt needles;
• needle breakage - often occurs due to reflex contraction of the gluteal muscle, the main reason is a poor-quality needle (experienced nurses note that Chinese and Russian needles break most often, but in recent years domestic manufacturers have coped with this problem).

Normally, there should be no air bubbles in the injection - their presence indicates a violation of the technique of taking the medicine into the syringe. When they are detected, it is necessary to wait until they combine into one large bubble, and release air through the needle.

Intramuscular injections with any syringe should be performed by a nurse! The implementation of this manipulation by a professional who has undergone special training allows you to almost completely eliminate the likelihood of complications from injections in the buttock.

Disposable syringes. Syringes were first invented in 1853. The syringe was invented by two men at the same time. Now no doctor and no patient can do without a syringe. With the help of a syringe, you can collect blood, administer medications, and make various vaccinations. Disposable syringes are a large variety. Two-component syringes consist of a piston and a cylinder. And the three-component ones are distinguished by a soft piston. More in medicine use three-component syringes. They are used by anesthesiologists, medical care physicians, therapists. They vary in size and connection with the needle.

Sizes of syringes and their classification:

0 to 1 ml. - used for precise administration of drugs in small volumes.

From 2 to 20 ml. – they are most often used for subcutaneous infections, also for intramuscular and intravenous.

From 30 to 100 ml. - connect them to the nozzles of the catheters. They are very popular in medicine.

Syringes are also distinguished by the type of connection:

Luer, Luer Lok, Catheter, Integrated needle.

Luer connection - In this connection, the needle is put on the syringe. Such compounds are used throughout medicine.

Luer Lock connection - with this connection, the needle is simply screwed into the syringe. Such a compound is particularly useful when drugs are administered under the periosteum. Also when taking blood. It is used by anesthesiologists, oncologists, non-atologists. Also, if you need to slowly administer the medicine, but for a long time.

Connection Cathetor - these connections are very good. They are good at administering drugs through catheters.

Integrated needle - such a needle is not removable. It is inserted into the very center of the cylinder. With the introduction of drugs, their loss is minimal.

Insulin syringes - such syringes are intended for individual use. From such syringes, medicines do not flow out.

Auto-disable syringes are invented for large injections. Injection needles are very sharp. They are reliable in use. Safe. The range of such needles is varied. Also, needles can be selected by age, sex, body weight.

Insulin syringe. In such syringes, the needles are fixed. Their range is just great. transparent cylinder. The scale is not erased. That is, you can always see the volume of the collected amount of blood or medicine. The piston is rubber and thanks to this, the medicine is administered smoothly. without giving pain to the patient. The needle is the most important part in a syringe. These sharp needles have a triangular sharpening. Thanks to this, the skin is pierced painlessly. The needles are made of high quality surgical steel. Their thickness is minimal, but they are very durable. On top of the needle, there is a thin layer of silicone, which contributes to minimal friction of the tissues with the needle.

Several advantages of such syringes:

• Thanks to the latex-free piston, no allergies are caused.
• Such a syringe was specially designed for a younger age.
• It is good for pregnant women to use it, because the thin needle will not cause harm.

Insulin plastic syringes are allowed to be used for about two days. In this case, the syringes should be covered with a cap. But after four or five injections, the needle becomes a little dull and you should not use them anymore. Before you enter the medicine, you need to shake it so that the precipitate does not remain.

If you have mixed the insulins correctly, then the dose you have chosen will evenly affect the glucose. First, the shortest-acting insulin is drawn into the syringe. Then mix it with intermediate insulin. After that, you need to wait fifteen seconds. In order for insulin to enter the skin for sure. After that, you need to pull out the needle.

According to the number of components, syringes can be divided into 2 and 3 component (2 and 3 component, 2 and 3 detailed).

How to choose a syringe? Which syringe is better, 2-component or 3-component?

Two-component syringes consist of 2 parts (components): a cylinder and a piston

Three-component syringes consist of 3 parts (components): a cylinder, a piston and a rubber seal

PRICE

As a rule, the cost of two-component syringes is lower than their three-component counterparts. This is largely due to the simplification of manufacturing technology: it is easier and cheaper to create a syringe from 2 parts than from 3 parts.
You can choose a syringe according to key characteristics and the best price on our website: Catalog --> Syringes

EXPLOITATION

For displacing the piston of a two-component syringe may need the application of greater force and its movement is not as free as that of a three-component one, and accordingly, after a while, the specialist using these syringes in his work will get tired

Due to the fact that when the syringe plunger is driven, the plastic rubs against the plastic, control of the uniformity of the injection may be difficult , which, again, requires the medical worker using this syringe to increase the tension of the muscles of the hands, which leads to their rapid fatigue

With a smoother (see 3-component syringe) sliding of the piston inside the cylinder, the injection to the patient should be less painful.

However, a rubber seal is no guarantee that the syringe will run smoothly, and its absence will not spoil the smooth running of a good two-component syringe.

If you are not using the syringe for the purpose of immediately injecting the drug into a living organism, please note the following. In 3-piece syringes, the seal ("rubber" part) may react with some chemicals.
Therefore, if contact with an aggressive environment is expected, specify the possible interaction of your solution with the sealant material. Often, for the collection of aggressive chemical substances, it will be strategically correct to take a 2-component syringe. So, for example, this may concern the dental field (pre-filled syringes with a special composition), the field of chemical and biological scientific research.

Given the above, it is absolutely wrong to assume that 2-component syringes are syringes of the past generation and now they are irrelevant.
They are still in demand, but the areas of their use are quite specific.

SECURITY

RISK OF PLASTIC MICROPARTICLES IN THE INJECTION SOLUTION

There is an opinion that when the piston rubs against the cylinder of a two-component syringe, particles of the polymer material of which they are composed can be “scraped off” by the piston from the inside of the cylinder and, together with the contents of the syringe, enter the tissues of the body when injected.

The three-component syringe has a special rubber part, which improves the sliding of the piston inside the cylinder and eliminates the possibility of scraping the plastic inside the piston, and also provides greater tightness and prevents the injection solution from getting beyond the surface of the piston with a rubber nozzle

The rubber part (component) of the syringe may contain natural latex, which can cause allergic reactions if predisposed. It should be noted that in the production of most modern three-component syringes, synthetic hypoallergenic materials that do not cause allergies are used.

The reverse side is a possible reaction of the sealant material with the solution. For details, see the "Operation" section above.

DISPOSAL

It is known that disposable medical syringes are subject to disposal after use. The healthcare worker who is responsible for the preparation of syringes for disposal knows that the preparation 2-component syringes are much easier. It consists in "disassembling" the syringe into its component parts: the medical worker disconnects the needle from the syringe in one of the ways, depending on the availability of special devices in the medical institution:

• removing the needle with a needle remover;
• cutting off the needle with a needle cutter with an integrated puncture-proof container for needles;
• needle destruction using a needle destructor - a device for burning needles by exposure to high temperature.

You may also be interested in the article Types of attachment of the needle to the syringe.

2. Syringe volume

Depending on the volume of the injected drug, syringes of different volumes are used (in our catalog you can select the volume using filters)

Some syringes have extra space in excess of the stated nominal volume.

3. Type of attachment of the syringe

LUER-LOK The strongest fastening of a needle - Luer Lock (Luer Lok) - type of fastening "lock". In this case, the needle is screwed into the syringe, which provides a type of connection that will withstand even the strong expulsion pressure created by the movement of a viscous liquid and you can be sure that the needle will not “jump off” and the expensive drug will not spill.
For injection of viscous preparations, oil-based solutions, gels and other dense preparations, it is better to use a Luer-Lock syringe.

LUER-SLIP

For the introduction of liquid preparations with a low degree of viscosity, a syringe with a conventional Luer (Luer Slip) Luer (Luer Slip) mount is quite suitable.
Such a syringe is much cheaper (2-2.5 times) than its analogues in terms of volume with a Luer Lock fastener.

INTEGRATED NEEDLE
When using syringes with a soldered (integrated) needle, needle breakage is excluded, this is a plus.
But the needle cannot be replaced with another, that is, only the built-in needle is used, this is a minus.
The integrated needle is used only on small volume syringes (0.3 ml, 0.5 ml and 1 ml) - the so-called "diabetic" syringes.
According to the type of scale graduation, such syringes are U-100 (orange cap) and U-40 (red cap)

4. Needle for injection

In most cases, a syringe comes with a needle (it can be put on or attached next to it in a blister).
Not always a standard needle is suitable for the purpose. As a rule, a standard needle on a syringe:
2ml - 23G (0.6*30), blue color
5ml - 22G (0.7*40), black color
10ml and 20m - 21G (0.8*40), green color
These needles are suitable for classical intramuscular injections of the drug, set by the volume of the syringe.
If you need a needle of greater or lesser length, thicker or thinner, then the needles are purchased separately.

You can purchase injection needles for syringes with luer slip and luer lock in our online store Catalog --> Injection needles

The standard needle that comes with the kit takes the drug from the vial, and then the needle is changed to a suitable one for your purposes.

For example, for a 5-year-old child, it is better to do an “injection in the ass” not with a 3-4cm (30-40mm) needle, but with a smaller one, for example, 2-2.5cm (20-25mm). And if the drug is not viscous, then you can take a needle thinner than 23-21G (for example, replace it with a 24-27G needle) /

The same needle is suitable for injection into the shoulder of an adult with a small subcutaneous fat layer.

In contrast, long and thick needles may be required for the treatment of joints, which we also have in stock.

Video material: two-component, three-component syringes, luer-lock and luer-slip fastening

What kind of syringe to prick a child?

- Selection of the volume of the syringe for injection.

The volume should correspond to the volume of the drug solution that you plan to administer to the baby, but 0.5-1 cube more. Often, syringes have extra space, such as a 2 ml syringe. can have a scale up to 2.5 ml., and a 5 ml syringe. - scale up to 6 ml. You can also see the product photo - perhaps the syringe has an additional volume.

If you need a 2 ml syringe, then a 3 ml will do. But, with an increase in the volume of the syringe, the product becomes more expensive, so there is no point in overpaying for empty cubes.

- Choose a two- or three-component syringe.

It will be more convenient for you to use a 3-component syringe (the one with a rubber seal). It will provide a more even (without jerks) injection and eliminate the leakage of the drug (drug leakage occurs more often when using low-quality 2-component syringes, i.e. poorly assembled and without a rubber seal on the piston)

- High-quality syringe from a trusted manufacturer.

You can choose products of recognized leaders in the production of high quality syringes in our catalog.

They have a smooth ride, a transparent cylinder, it will be easy for you to use it.

The range includes syringes with a volume of 0.3ml, 0.5ml, 1ml, 2ml, 3ml, 5ml and more.

- Choice of injection needle.

There is a high probability that the needle that comes with the syringe is not suitable for your baby. It is important to approach the choice of needles very carefully. Ask your healthcare provider which needles are needed for your prescribed injections. Of course, you want to prick the baby with the thinnest and most painless needles, but this is not always possible, because. the injected substance may be viscous and the injection will be difficult. Therefore, it is important to know the thickness and length of the desired needle. There are syringes supplied without a needle.

In medicine syringe

A medical instrument intended for injections, diagnostic punctures, suction of pathological contents from cavities. It comes from the German Spritze (from spritzen - to splash).

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