Exactly one hundred years ago, an armed uprising took place in Petrograd, ending with the capture of the Winter Palace, the arrest of members of the Provisional Government and the proclamation of Soviet power, which lasted in our country for more than seventy years.
November 7 began to be celebrated immediately after the revolution; This day was celebrated in the USSR as the main holiday of the country - the Day of the Great October Socialist Revolution. Under Stalin, the festive canon also took final shape: a demonstration of workers, the appearance of leaders on the podium of the Mausoleum, and, finally, a military parade on Red Square, for which the entrances to the main square of the capital were specially reconstructed. This canon was strictly observed, and even November 7, 1941, when the Germans were advancing on Moscow, was no exception: the regiments that marched through Red Square went straight to the front. The 1941 parade in terms of its influence on the course of events is equal to the most important military operation.
In the 1970s, the situation began to change. The Day of the October Revolution ceased to be perceived as a full-fledged holiday, giving way to People's Day Victory and New Year.
After the breakup Soviet Union the president is already new country- Russia - On March 13, 1995, Boris Yeltsin signed the federal law “On the Days of military glory(victorious days) of Russia", in which November 7 was named the Day of the Liberation of Moscow by forces people's militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky from the Polish invaders (1612).
On December 29, 2004, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a federal law, according to which November 7 became the Day of Military Glory of Russia - the Day of a military parade on Red Square in Moscow to commemorate the twenty-fourth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution (1941). November 7 is no longer a day off. Instead, National Unity Day, celebrated on November 4, became a day off.
Today the holiday is celebrated throughout the country and even beyond its borders.
A ceremonial march dedicated to the legendary 1941 parade took place in Moscow. In addition, panoramic videos from the “Revolution 360” series were shown today in the capital’s metro. The videos, created as part of the international project #1917LIVE, recreated episodes of the revolutionary events of 1917. Alexander Adabashyan, Oleg Garkusha, Zakhar Prilepin, Alexander Bashirov and other cultural figures took part in the filming. The voice-over text was read by Garik Sukachev and Sergei Garmash. Filming took place in several places historically associated with revolutionary Petrograd.
More than eight thousand carnations were brought and brought by St. Petersburg residents and city guests to Petrogradskaya Embankment, to the eternal mooring site of the legendary cruiser Aurora. The organizers of the event to lay flowers at the “ship of revolution” said that the red carnations, symbolizing the revolutionary movement, were purchased with money from ordinary people collected via the Internet. Fundraising announcements were circulated on social media.
During the “Three Carnations for Aurora” campaign, 211,200 rubles were collected, with this money 7,150 carnations were purchased from wholesalers. To deliver such a quantity of carnations to Aurora, a minibus was needed. Several hundred more flowers were added by the organizers themselves and ordinary citizens who decided to personally join the action.
A solemn procession on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution took place in Simferopol. Those gathered walked along the central avenue of the Crimean capital, after which they held a rally on Lenin Square. The event was organized by the Crimean branch Communist Party Russian Federation.
President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko congratulated his compatriots on the 100th anniversary of the October Revolution, noting that the socio-economic principles formed during the Soviet Union formed the basis of the potential of the modern Belarusian state. According to the president, the socio-economic principles formed “during the Soviet Union formed the basis for the development of the industrial, scientific, agricultural and social potential of the modern Belarusian state.”
From March 29 to 31 in the Shuvalovsky building of the Moscow state university them. M.V. Lomonosov International Conference "Centenary of the 1917 Revolution in Russia" will be held.
Dean of the Faculty of History, Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Professor Ivan Tuchkov says that the idea of the conference arose a long time ago: “It was an initiative of two departments of political science and the department of history. When we conceived this conference, we were well aware that the anniversary date allows us to understand and evaluate this event and draw objective conclusions. This huge event for the history of the twentieth century still has amazing relevance, political, human and cultural poignancy. We will try to move away from such political emphasis on this event and give it a more balanced, calm, scientifically based and fundamental assessment.”
According to Tuchkov, scientists who have been working on this problem for several years will come to the conference: “More than 350 participants come from different countries, from different cities, this is an occasion to discover new approaches, new principles, new interpretations for this event and lay the foundation that will determine the study of the problem of the 1917 revolution in the future.”
Ivan Tuchkov
Tuchkov’s own assessment of those events is as follows: “It’s impossible to say whether we love the Greco-Persian wars, Leo Tolstoy or Raphael. They exist, this is a given of cultural and human historical development. Any revolution, be it English, be it the French Great Revolution, be it our revolution, is always a huge tragic revolution, because it concerns human destinies. Our revolution, together with the First World War, is a huge milestone in European culture and in European consciousness, which fundamentally influenced a change in the awareness of the world, man, God, and nature. But let's remember how many monuments perished during the Great French revolution- cathedrals, sculptures, libraries, museums, estates, and villas were destroyed. Any revolution is a tragedy. In this respect, the Russian revolution is no worse and no better."
Andrey Shutov
Dean of the Faculty of Political Science, Professor at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov Andrei Shutov is convinced that the assessments of the events of February and October 1917, which were contained in Soviet historiography, had political distortions: “The key event, February Revolution, which was marked by the collapse of the entire political system, was largely ignored in Soviet historiography. A different interpretation was given, the emphasis was on the October events of 1917. Meanwhile, the Bolsheviks, the authors of the October Revolution, considered the October Revolution to be a coup from the very beginning. Suffice it to recall the article by Leon Trotsky, which was published a year after the events of 1917 in the newspaper Pravda under the title “October Revolution”. Great October Revolution socialist revolution- this interpretation prevailed in Soviet historiography in the early 1930s and existed until the time of perestroika. Now many historians are determined to introduce these stereotypes, which were laid down then, into modern historiography.”
According to Shutov, it is necessary to raise a number of very important, serious ideological issues related to the historical responsibility of the elites: “Those who pushed the sovereign to abdicate put their political interests above the interests of the state. They aimed at the sovereign, but ended up at the state. And the so-called spontaneous or chaotic plurality of power that happened after the abdication, thanks to a certain political force that had the will to power and paramilitary units, led to a proletarian dictatorship.”
Sergey Devyatov
Head of the Department of Russian History of the XX-XXI centuries, Faculty of History, Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Professor Sergei Devyatov said that the revolution of 1917 occurred for objective reasons that led to a social explosion. The historian considers the main reason to be the fact that the state - Russian empire- failed to fulfill its functions of maintaining public harmony in the broadest sense. Among other reasons, Devyatov singled out the collapse of the highest noble society into two opposing sides. According to him, what happened in 1917 was, on the one hand, natural, but on the other hand, it was spontaneous: “This process, which could not be stopped by the acceptance or non-acceptance of the crown by Michael. The process raised such powerful tectonic forces within society, affecting the broad masses of the active part of society to such an extent that it was simply unrealistic to do anything here.”
Lev Belousov
According to the head of the department of new and modern history Faculty of History, Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Professor Lev Belousov, the revolutionary events of 1917 still continue to excite the minds of the entire world community: “We can now detect interest in this event in the countries of Europe, America and Asia. Immediately after the revolution, in the interwar period, after the Second World War, certain historiographical schools emerged that assessed those events in one way or another. The Russian Revolution of 1917 began in February, then the Bolshevik coup. What did they give to the world? Was it really worldwide historical meaning The Great October Socialist Revolution, which is written about in all our school textbooks and in short course Were you talking about the history of the CPSU? If so, what was it like? This issue is still being discussed with our colleagues abroad, but it is being discussed in a slightly different way. First of all, we're talking about about where the red line is that separates the development of society from revolutionary upheavals. Is it possible to avoid revolutionary upheavals and achieve the same goals through peaceful means? Can society find such a resolution mechanism? internal conflicts, which allows you to move on, but without revolutionary upheavals, without shedding blood, without civil war? These discussions have unfolded and continue in foreign historiography."
According to Belousov, the understanding of those events and their impact on the overall global process will continue: “At the same time, previous assessments will retain their significance. There are positions already accepted in historiography - it must be said that the Russian revolution pushed the ruling circles of Western countries to search for shock absorbers revolutionary movement, in fact, all bourgeois states, including fascist states, launched large social programs. It is believed that in many ways it was the events in Russia that pushed the ruling circles of the West to begin to pay serious attention to this. Hence the new role of the state, which was designated during the interwar period and became a permanent factor public life after the Second World War."
Great Russian Revolution- radical fracture in national history. The process, which affected all spheres of public life, is still in the historical consciousness modern Russia, which is experiencing a period of social, cultural and political transformation, has not acquired an unambiguous assessment. Many aspects of this period Russian history remain undisclosed or disclosed in a biased and politically biased manner.
2017 is the year of the centenary of the 1917 Revolution. The centenary milestone is significant for historical memory. It is now necessary to support the trend of reconciling society with the events of 1917 and promote the popularization of high-quality historical knowledge to draw lessons from them.
Russian Historical Society takes an active part in the preparation and holding of events dedicated to the Great Russian Revolution, guided by the values of science, verifiability and civil solidarity, expressed in a sensitive and objective approach to historical events.
“We approached the topic of the 1917 Revolution prepared. Its wide discussion took place at various venues, as part of the development of the concept of teaching national history at school. Even then, it was proposed to consider the Great Russian Revolution as a complex and dramatic process, including interconnected stages. Events of February and October 1917, the fall of the monarchy and the establishment of the republic, elections to the Constituent Assembly and the Kornilov rebellion, the establishment of Soviet power and a bloody civil war,”
- Chairman of the Russian Historical Society Sergei Naryshkin.
Project news:
Study of the causes and consequences of the Great Russian revolution will continue - such a statement was made by the Chairman of the Russian Historical Society, Sergei Naryshkin, at the final meeting of the organizing committee for the preparation and holding of events dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the 1917 revolution in Russia.
An exhibition opened at the All-Russian Museum of Decorative, Applied and Folk Art "Porcelain Revolution. Dream of a New World. Soviet porcelain". The exhibition features hundreds of decorative plates, cups, saucers, and sculptures produced during the first twenty years of the Soviet state, which are traditionally called propaganda porcelain.
In the concert hall of the Academic Song and Dance Ensemble Russian army The International Historical and Musical Festival of Children's and Youth Creativity "The Russian Revolution of 1917: Musical Memory of Generations" was held named after A.V. Alexandrov.
A modular exhibition “The Revolution of 1917 on the streets of Moscow in archival documents and photographs." The exhibition was prepared by the Russian Society of Historian-Archivists and the Historical and Archival Institute of the Russian State University for the Humanities with the support of the Russian Historical Society and the History of the Fatherland Foundation.
Concert at the Mariinsky Theater, demonstration of unique documents from the archives of the Navy and laying of a stone at the Admiralty Shipyards in memory of the shipbuilders of the era of the revolution and Civil War: events dedicated to the centenary of the revolutionary coup in Russia were held in St. Petersburg.
On the eve of the centenary of the Great Russian Revolution Sergey Naryshkin gave an exclusive interview to First Deputy General Director of TASS Mikhail Gusman, in which he spoke about the significance of this historical event for Russian citizens, its assessment in modern Russian society, as well as about the events held throughout the country in anticipation of this date.
In Russia, a memorial to all those who died during the revolution and the Civil War may soon appear. This proposal was made by State Duma deputies at parliamentary hearings “Centenary of the 1917 Revolution in Russia: international aspects”.
The State Historical Museum is preparing to open the exhibition “Energy of Dreams”. It will be the final and largest event in the calendar of events dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Great Russian Revolution.
The International Scientific Conference"Russian Revolution and Constitution". It brought together several dozen experts from different countries - historians, lawyers, political scientists, economists, and cultural experts.
The “Week of the Russian Revolution” has started in Paris: in the coming days, several major scientific forums and other events dedicated to the events of 1917 and their impact on the world will be held in the French capital.
On the eve of 2017, in his message to the Federal Assembly on December 1, 2016, Russian President V.V. Putin, in connection with the anniversary of the revolution, emphasized that “we need the lessons of history, first of all, for reconciliation, to strengthen social, political, civil harmony.”
On the eve of the centenary of the 1917 revolution, we can see not only the usual discussion of supporters of liberal, communist or radical right views, but also a clearly defined state position. In assessing the revolution, the leadership of the Russian Federation has long moved from supporting liberal discourse (as was the case in the 1990s) to the formation of an organic concept of historical policy in relation to the era in question based on a synthesis of reasonable elements extracted from various ideological and political positions. This was explained by the course taken towards reconciliation of society, the desire to smooth out disputes about historical events, make them less politicized. This goal was served, in particular, by renaming and then moving the national holiday in 2005 from November 7 to November 4. This was an attempt to consolidate society, to avoid annual ideological clashes and a possible crisis escalation of the civil confrontation on the eve significant date 90th anniversary of revolutionary events. According to experts in the field social psychology, at the first stage this decision had rather the opposite effect, but a decade later, in combination with other measures, it gave desired result. It can be stated that for at least twelve years Russian leadership consistently promotes its concept of historical policy regarding 1917.
During this time, an important conceptual change took place on this issue, falling within the mainstream of the policy of reconciliation of the main political forces Russia. The February and October revolutionary events ceased to be opposed, whereas previously they formed historical myths for liberals (February) and communists (October). Thus, in the Historical and Cultural Standard (ICS) prepared in 2013 and the Concept of the new Educational and Methodological Complex on Russian History, both revolutions are presented as stages of a single Russian revolution. The commemorative dates of the 100th anniversary of the revolutionary events of February and October in 2017 served as the basis for consolidating and replicating this approach through the official media, scientific works and conference papers.
On December 19, 2016, the President of Russia issued decree No. 412-rp “On the preparation and holding of events dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the 1917 revolution in Russia.” It gave direct recommendations to government bodies of the constituent entities of the federation, local government bodies and public associations to take part in the preparation and holding of events dedicated to the 1917 revolution. The coordinator of this kind of event, according to the order of the President, was the Russian Historical Society association with the assistance of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. That is, the conclusions based on the results of the events held are announced by the Minister of Culture of Russia V.R. Medinsky.
The need to learn the historical lessons of the 1917 revolution was repeatedly emphasized in his speeches by V.V. Putin himself (in particular, at a recent meeting of the Valdai International Discussion Club on October 19, 2017).
From these speeches and the final documents of thematic conferences, it is possible to identify those statements around which public consensus will be formed regarding the revolution of 1917 and its place in the history of Russia.
On the eve of 1917, Russia was by no means a backward country. It was a power of the then “first world”, successfully carrying out a technological and industrial breakthrough, a country with a dynamically developing economy. The industry and army of Russia withstood three years of a difficult war and confidently moved towards its successful completion. The thesis about the inevitability and determination of the revolution by the general state of the economy and productive forces does not stand up to criticism.
The breakdown of society into revolution was the result of social contradictions that were not resolved in time and obvious anachronisms that persisted in society.
It makes no sense to talk about specific “culprits” of the tragic events of 1917. A revolution is always a consequence of a lack of responsibility, both of those who would like to preserve and freeze the outdated order of things that clearly requires restructuring, and of those who sought to spur change (often for narrowly selfish purposes), without stopping in the face of civil conflicts and destructive confrontation.
In general, the conclusion is drawn that then in 1917 the country made a mistake by choosing a revolutionary rather than an evolutionary path of development. The latter made it possible to avoid the destruction of statehood, millions of deaths and broken human destinies, and ensured consistent movement forward.
The events of 1917 are not a local political revolution, but have universal significance. They provided a powerful impetus for transformations around the world and caused a serious reassessment of human development models. The Soviet system has achieved a number of objective successes. Many Western achievements of the 20th century became a response to the challenge from the USSR. This is an increase in living standards, the formation of a powerful middle class, labor market reforms and social sphere, development of education, guarantees of human rights, including the rights of minorities and women.
However, the main benefits from the consequences of 1917 were not gained by Russia, which took such a risky and difficult path (on the contrary, it suffered the main costs), but by Western countries, which had the opportunity to calmly look from the outside at the socio-economic experiment being carried out in our country and borrow already ready-made social technologies.
Which brings us back to the conclusion about the need for progress through “reforms from above” and the extremely high costs of the revolutionary path of development.
DUSHANBE, Oct 7 – Sputnik, Alexey Stefanov. On the eve of November 7, in the cinema hall of the Central House of Journalists, the authors of the study "Revolution-100: Reconstruction of the Anniversary" edited by historian, head of the Association of Researchers of Russian Society (AIRS-XXI) Gennady Byurdyugov discussed the political, scientific and public reaction in Russia and the world to the centenary of the 1917 Revolution .
"Summarizing the results of the monitoring, we can say that such a large-scale event as the 100th anniversary of the Great Russian Revolution deserved a little more attention. This anniversary is not very convenient for many post-Soviet countries, because they do not want to be on the same page with everyone, each the country wants to isolate its revolution from the Russian one and create its own historical narrative. Therefore, such a complex understanding of the revolution is inconvenient for them, they do not want to be obliged to anything by the Russian revolution. And they insist that they had all the prerequisites for creating their own statehood, almost since the Middle Ages,” Lyudmila Gotagova, a leading researcher at the Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, who was involved in monitoring the CIS and Baltic countries, summed up her work.Sputnik spoke with her after the conference.
Uprising and cult of leaderism
The famous Turkestan uprising of 1916 turned out to be the focus of attention of almost all of Central Asia, and a lot of time, effort and anniversary preparations were devoted to it, and it was celebrated on a grand scale. There were all kinds of events - at the official level, in the scientific community, conferences, exhibitions, demonstrations documentaries, books were presented. And the President of Kyrgyzstan issued a Decree on October 26 to rename the Day of the October Revolution, which they still had, as the Day of Reconciliation and Remembrance.
“It was the Turkestan uprising that became the central symbolic plot of this holiday. Therefore, the Great Russian Revolution faded into the background - the uprising overshadowed it. Another thing is that some of the scientists tried to establish some kind of connection between the uprising and the revolution, saying that the uprising was one of the important prerequisites, which led to the revolution,” explained the historian.
At the same time, she noted that Uzbekistan, which completely ignored the anniversary of the Great Russian Revolution, is demonstratively and solemnly celebrating its 100th anniversary. former first Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Republic, who for 24 years embodied the ideas of the revolution.
“This is very strange, but apparently Uzbekistan is preoccupied with the idea of leaderism,” says Gotagova.
The researcher did not find any information about Turkmenistan’s attitude towards the revolution.
“It’s as if it doesn’t exist. Apparently, in this country cultural life is either closed from prying eyes or is in decline,” she said.
On the bayonets of Latvian riflemen
“The Baltic countries completely ignored the 100th anniversary of the Great Russian Revolution and are now actively preparing for the 100th anniversary of independence, which will be celebrated in 2018. Each country will have this event in February, March and November, respectively. They are preparing in much the same way as others were preparing for the 100th anniversary of the revolution, but at the same time completely ignore the fact that their independence anniversaries are rooted in the revolution, says Lyudmila Gotagova.
© Sputnik / RIA Novosti
According to her, the Balts are isolating their history.
“Take the Latvian riflemen - a stamp dedicated to the Latvian riflemen was issued in Latvia, but they are positioned only as a force that contributed to the formation of Latvian statehood. And there is not a word at all about the fact that the Latvian riflemen played a colossal role in the Great Russian Revolution. This fact is kept silent ". And this is very strange, because the Baltic countries gained independence precisely thanks to the revolution and a combination of circumstances - the World War, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the German occupation, etc. And unlike others, with the exception of Finland and Poland, they became independent for as long as 22 years." , explained the historian.
When starting to monitor the anniversary of the revolution in the Baltic countries, Lyudmila Gotagova was sure that “they will at least have a historical feeling of gratitude that they were so lucky, but no.” Even scientific events did not take place during the anniversary year. Joint with Russia round table took place only in Lithuania, and even then it was dedicated not to the revolution, but to the acquisition of statehood by Lithuania.
“I boiled down the pathos of my speech to the fact that they are all absorbed in the idea of self-affirmation, which has already lasted a quarter of a century. This is not normal. And Russia has its own problems on this basis, that’s why they cannot find mutual language and conduct a civilized dialogue. As a result, relations in the cultural and historical area, associated even with the anniversary of the revolution, are spoiled by political turmoil,” she said.
Autocephaly, women's rights and decommunization
Nevertheless, all countries have a reason to indirectly touch upon the anniversary of the Great Russian Revolution. Thus, in March of this year, Georgia celebrated the 100th anniversary of the autocephaly of the Georgian Orthodox Church.
"This is very important point, part of the national self-identification of Georgian Orthodoxy. But they also received autocephaly thanks to the revolution, albeit the February one. The provisional government recognized the exit of the Georgian church from the Russian one and autocephaly. Patriarch Tikhon protested against this, but they did not listen to him, and the Georgian church became independent. So they celebrated this event at the official level with a conference, an exhibition, and the presence of the highest government officials. And next year they will probably celebrate the 100th anniversary of Georgian independence. Although it was Georgia that supplied Russia with personnel from the upper echelon of power,” explains Gotagova.
© Sputnik / RIA Novosti
Azerbaijan will also celebrate the centenary of its statehood next year. There the emphasis is placed on the fact that the Azerbaijan Republic became the first of eastern countries democratic and the first to give women freedom and the right to participate in elections.
“They boast about the emancipation of women,” says the historian.
Two years ago, Armenia had a more significant date than the anniversary of the revolution - the 100th anniversary of the Armenian genocide, and they celebrated it. Accordingly, the revolution faded into the background.
“The pro-Russian part of the Armenian society continues to honor the memory of the Great Russian Revolution, while the other comes out with demands to begin the process of decommunization following the example of Ukraine. The arguments of the first - the Bolsheviks played big role in the formation of Armenian statehood, and secondly, as a result of the revolution, Armenia turned out to be the injured party, since Lenin concluded an alliance with Turkey, and part of the historical Armenian territory was lost. But no special events are expected in Yerevan, other than speeches by individual analysts, dedicated to the revolution,” says Gotagova.
The counter-revolution continues
At the official level, Moldova also ignored the anniversary of the revolution, but the communists, led by the former president of the republic, Vladimir Voronin, are showing great activity.
“A few days ago they had a ceremonial meeting dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Great Russian Revolution, at which Voronin spoke. He spoke about great importance revolution, which is now given too little attention, about the great role of Lenin and suddenly declared that all these hundred years... the counter-revolution has been going on. A striking examples This was called the collapse of the USSR and the unrest in 2009 in Chisinau after the parliamentary elections. He believes that even now the creeping counter-revolution is trying to ruin the great cause of the revolution,” the historian explained.
And she added that in Moldova there is a very clear division into two lines - pro-communist - those who glorify the revolution, and pro-Romanian - those who ignore the events of a hundred years ago, but are going to celebrate the annexation of Bessarabia to Romania in 1918.
Year of the Ukrainian Revolution with Lenin Fall
"It is noteworthy that out of all 15 republics former USSR The most active anniversary campaign of the revolution took place in Ukraine. I even called this an independent anniversary in my text, because unlike everyone else, everything is happening at a purely state level, with the decree of President Poroshenko, with his speech on January 1 of this year, when on national television he declared 2017 the Year of the Ukrainian Revolution ", the historian is surprised.
The country isolated the Ukrainian revolution from the Russian one and expanded its scope. As a result, it captured the years 1917 - 1921.
“The Ukrainians have developed a colossal list of events that will be held in these four years. But there is, of course, a large percentage of demonstrativeness - this entire company is left imprinted by damaged relations with Russia. In particular, in March next year, Ukraine is going to celebrate the centenary of the liberation of Crimea from Bolsheviks, and this is clearly a political step. And at the same time, the 100th anniversary of the supposedly Ukrainian navy", says Lyudmila Gotagova.
© Sputnik / Alexey Danichev
Historical reconstruction "Petrograd 1917"
There will be significantly more events within the framework of the anniversary year of the revolution in Ukraine than in Russia. AND main topic of all discussions: why Ukrainian independence did not take place even then. At the same time, according to the historian, apparently, it was precisely on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the Great Russian Revolution that the campaign of Lenin fall swept across Ukraine, when 1,320 monuments to Lenin were dismantled and destroyed as part of the decommunization project.
“Looking at this whole picture that is emerging in post-Soviet countries, I would say that the fetishism of independence, as the Lithuanian poet, translator and essayist Tomas Venclova aptly noted, with which the republics of the former USSR are concerned, obscures in the eyes of their ruling elites much more serious social and economic , moral, and other internal problems,” summed up Lyudmila Gotagova.
Revolutionary 1917
The Great October Socialist Revolution is one of the largest political events of the 20th century, which occurred in Russia on October 25 (November 7 in the new style) 1917 and influenced the further course of world history.
At 10 a.m. on October 25, the Military Revolutionary Committee issued an appeal “To the citizens of Russia!” “State power,” it said, “passed into the hands of the body of the Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies, the Military Revolutionary Committee, which stands at the head of the Petrograd proletariat and garrison.”
At 21:00, a blank shot from the Peter and Paul Fortress signaled the start of the assault on the Winter Palace. At 2 a.m. on October 26 (November 8), armed workers, soldiers of the Petrograd garrison and sailors took the Winter Palace and arrested the Provisional Government.
