Education in the USA (4)
Education in the United States of America is compulsory for children from the age of 6 till 16 (or 18). It involves 12 years of schooling. A school year starts at the end of August or at the beginning of September and ends in late June or early July. The whole school year is divided into three terms/trimesters or four quarters. American students have winter, spring and summer holidays which last 2 or 3 weeks and 6 or 8 weeks, respectively. The length of the school year varies among the states as well as the day length. Students go to school 5 days a week.
The American education system consists of 3 basic components: elementary, secondary and higher education. There is also such a concept as preschool education. At the age of 4 or 5 children just get acquainted with the formal education in a nursery school. The preschool education program aims to prepare children for elementary school through playing and help them to acquire the experience of association. It lasts for one year. Then they go to the first grade (or grade 1).
Elementary education starts when pupils are 6 years old. The program of studies in the elementary school includes the following subjects: English, Arithmetic, Geography, History of the USA, Natural sciences, Physical Training, Singing, Drawing, wood or metal work. The education is mostly concentrated on the basic skills (speaking, reading, writing and arithmetic). Sometimes children also learn some foreign languages, general history and such new subjects as drug and sex education. The main goal of elementary education is the general intellectual, social and physical development of a pupil from 5 to 12 or 15 years old.
Secondary education begins when children move on to high or secondary school in the ninth grade, where they continue their studies until the twelfth grade. The secondary school curriculum is built around specific subjects rather than general skills. Although there is always a number of basic subjects in the curriculum: English, Mathematics, Science, Social Studies and Physical Education, the students have an opportunity to learn some elective subjects, which are not necessary for everyone. After the first two years of education they can select subjects according to their professional interests. The electives are to be connected with the students" future work or further education at university or college. Every high school has a special teacher - a guidance counselor who helps the students to choose these elective subjects. Moreover, he helps them with some social problems , too. The elective courses are different in various schools.
Members of each grade in high school have special names: students in the ninth grade are called freshmen, tenth graders are called sophomores, eleventh graders are juniors and as for twelfth graders, they are seniors.
After growing from high schools the majority of the Americans go on studying at higher education establishments. In universities they have to study for four years to get a bachelor's degree. In order to get a master's degree they must study two years more and, besides, be engaged in a research work.
Education in the USA (4)
Education in the United States of America is compulsory for children from 6 to 16 (or 18) years of age. It implies 12 years of schooling. The school year in America begins in late August or early September and ends in late June or early July. The academic year consists of three terms or four quarters. Winter, spring and summer holidays last 2-3 or 6-8 weeks respectively. The length of the school year and school day varies by state. Children study 5 days a week and usually travel to school by school bus.
The American education system consists of three fundamental components: primary, secondary and higher education. In addition, in America there is the concept of preschool education. At the age of 4-5 years, children are just beginning to get acquainted with educational process in kindergarten. Purpose of the program preschool education- using the game method to prepare children for primary school, help them gain communication experience. When they turn 6 years old they enter 1st grade primary school.
Training program Primary school includes the following subjects: English, arithmetic, geography, US history, natural history, physical education, singing, drawing, labor training. The emphasis is mainly on teaching basic skills - speaking, reading, writing and arithmetic. Sometimes children study some foreign languages and world history, as well as subjects such as sexuality education and lessons on the social role of drugs. the main objective primary education - the comprehensive intellectual, social and physical development of a child aged 5 to 12 or 15 years.
Secondary education begins when students enter high school, 9th grade; then they continue their studies until the 12th grade. The high school curriculum focuses more on teaching specific subjects rather than general knowledge. And although the schedule always includes a set of basic subjects - English, mathematics, science, social studies and physical education - children are given the opportunity to study elective subjects that are not compulsory for all students. After the first two years of study, they choose subjects according to their professional interests. Such subjects should be related to the students' future work or subsequent studies at a university or college. In each high school There is a special teacher - a vocational guidance advisor. He helps students decide on the choice of subjects and also gives advice related to the field social problems. Elective courses vary by school.
Students in each high school class have their own special names: ninth graders are called freshmen, tenth graders are called sophomores, eleventh graders are called juniors, and twelfth graders are called seniors.
At the end high school The vast majority of Americans continue their studies in higher education. At universities, young people must study for 4 years and pass 4 credits to receive a bachelor's degree. To obtain a master's degree, you need to study for another 2 years and engage in research work. After this, the student can do a number of more necessary works that will give him the opportunity to become a doctor of science.
Questions:
1. At what age do American students start and finish their compulsory education?
2. How are the school years called in the United States?
3. The length of the school year varies among the states, doesn't it?
4. What are the basic components of American education?
5. Do all children have to attend a nursery school?
6. When does elementary education start?
7. What is the main aim of elementary education?
8. The secondary school curriculum doesn't imply a number of basic subjects, does it?
9. What are elective subjects?
10. Who is a guidance counselor?
Vocabulary:
compulsory - obligatory
to involve - include
schooling - studying at school
to be divided into - divide into
trimester - trimester
quarter - quarter
respectively - accordingly
to vary - vary
to consist of - consist of
elementary education - elementary education
secondary education - secondary education
higher education - higher education
notion - concept
preschool education - preschool education
to get acquainted with - get acquainted with
nursery school - kindergarten
to aim - to be aimed
to acquire the experience of association - gain experience of communication
grade - class
General History - General history
sex and drug education - sex education and lessons dedicated to studying the social role of drugs
skill - skill
goal - goal
curriculum - schedule, syllabus
specific - specific, specific
Social Studies - social science
opportunity - opportunity
elective subject - subjects of choice
according to - in accordance with
guidance counselor - professional guidance advisor
various - varied
freshman - newbie
sophomore - second year college student or 10th grade high school student
junior - penultimate year college student or 11th grade high school student
senior - a student in the last year of college or a student in the 12th grade of high school
majority - majority
bachelor's degree - bachelor's degree
master's degree - master's degree
to be engaged in - to do something
research work - research work
Please help me translate the question! given by the author I-beam the best answer is Higher education in the USA
There is no national higher education system in the United States. Higher education is provided in colleges and universities. There are over 2,100 different institutions of higher education, including colleges, institutes of technology and universities. The average college course of study is 4 years. An academic year is usually 9 months or 2 semesters (semesters) of four and a half months each. Classes usually start in September and end in June. First-year students are called freshmen.
Students choose a main topic (major subject, discipline) and take various courses in this subject. After four years, they receive a traditional bachelor's degree. Students can then proceed to graduate school (senior years) and, after a year or two of further study, receive a master's degree.
With another year or two of study and research, they may gain even more high degree as a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.). Student progress is assessed through tests, term papers and final exami¬nations within each course. The student's work is given a mark, usually on a five-point scale (5-point system). The letters show the level of achievement. "A" is the highest score. "F" stands for failure.
Most American colleges and universities charge tuition. Teaching methods at universities: lectures, discussions, laboratory and term papers and seminars.
Most cities have colleges or universities that offer classes at night as well as during the day. This way, people can work on a degree or simply take a course in a topic that interests them.
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Answer from Wit[active]
Higher education in the USA
There is no national system of higher education in the United States. Higher education is provided in colleges and universities. There are more than 2,100 different institutions of higher education, including colleges, institutes of technology and universities. Secondary college course of study is 4 years. The academic year is usually 9 months or 2 semester(s), of four and a half months each. Classes usually start in September and end in June. Freshmen are called freshmen.
Students choose a specialty (major subject, discipline) and take many courses on this topic. After four years, they receive a traditional bachelor's degree. Students can then move on to higher school(senior courses) and with a year or two of further study obtain a master's degree.
After another year or two of study and research, they may receive the even higher degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D.). A student's performance is assessed through tests, coursework, and final examinations in each course. Student work of this mark is typically on a five-point scale (5-point system). Letters indicate the level of achievement. "A" - Highest grade. "F" indicates failure.
Most American colleges and universities charge tuition. Teaching methods at the university are lectures, seminars, laboratory and coursework and seminars.
Most cities have colleges or universities that offer classes both at night and during the day. This way, people can work in their specialty or simply take a course in a topic that interests them.
The American system of school education differs from the systems in other countries. There are state public schools, private elementary schools and private secondary schools. Public schools are free and private schools are feepaying. Each state has its own system of public schools.
Elementary education begins at the age of six or seven, when a child goes to the first grade (form). At the age of sixteen schoolchildren leave the elementary school and may continue their education at one of the secondary schools or high schools, as they call them.
The program of studies in the school includes English, Arithmetic, Geography, History of the USA, Natural Sciences and, besides, Physical Training, Singing, Drawing, Wood or Metal Work, etc. Sometimes they learn a foreign language and general history. Beside giving general education some high schools teach subjects useful to those who hope to find jobs in industry and agriculture or who want to enter colleges or universities.
After growing from secondary schools a growing number of Americans go on to higher education. The students do not take the same courses. During the first two years they follow a basic program. It means that every student must select at least one course from each of the basic fields of study: English, Natural Sciences, Modern Languages, History or Physical Training. After the first two years every student can select subjects according to his professional interest.
The National Government gives no direct financial aid to the institutions of higher education. Students must pay a tuition fee. This creates a financial hardship for some people. Many students have to work to pay their expenses. The Americans place a high value on education. That’s why Kennedy said, “Our progress as a nation can be no swifter than our progress in education.”
Translation of the topic into Russian:
The American school system is different from other countries. There are public public schools, private primary schools and private secondary schools. Public schools are free and private schools are fee-paying. Each state has its own public school system.
Primary education begins at the age of six or seven, when baby is coming to first grade. At the age of sixteen, students finish primary school and can continue their education at one of the secondary schools or high schools as they call them.
The school curriculum includes English, arithmetic, geography, US history, natural Sciences and, in addition, physical education, singing, drawing, works, etc. Sometimes they study foreign language And general history. In addition to providing general education some high schools teach subjects useful to those hoping to find jobs in industry and agriculture or who want to go to colleges or universities.
After graduating from high school, an increasing number of Americans are pursuing higher education. Students do not take the same courses. During the first two years they follow the basic program. This means that each student must choose at least one course from the general branches of science: English, Natural Sciences, modern languages, history and Physical Culture. After the first two years, each student can choose subjects in accordance with his professional interests.
The government does not give direct financial assistance institutions of higher education. Students must pay tuition. This creates financial difficulties for some people. Many students must work to pay their expenses. Americans give great importance education issues. That's why Kennedy said, "Our progress as a nation cannot be faster than our progress in education."
The system of education in the USA varies greatly from state to state. School education in so called state public schools is free. Parents are free to choose any public school for their children. Although there are a lot of private schools, mainly religious, and parents have to pay for them. A school year starts in September and ends in June. It is divided into three terms or four quarters.
American children start attending elementary schools at the age of 6. They continue their studies for eight years there (8 grades). Their basic subjects in the curriculum at this stage are English, Arithmetic, Natural Science, History, Geography, Foreign Language and some others. After that pupils may enter a Senior high school or if they go to a 5- or 6-year elementary school, they then attend a 3- or 4-year Junior high school, and then enter a Senior high school. Pupils graduate from high schools at the age of 18. The high schools (also known as secondary schools) are generally larger and accommodate teenagers from four or five elementary schools. During the school year the students study four or five selective subjects according to their professional interests. They must complete a certain number of courses to receive a high school diploma or a certificate of school graduation.
In order to develop social skills and encourage students’ participation in extracurricular activities every high school has an orchestra, a music band, a choir, drama groups, football, basketball and baseball teams. School becomes the center of social life for students.
At American colleges and universities young people get higher education. They study for 4 years and get a Bachelor's degree in arts or science. If a student wants to get a Master's degree he must study for two more years and do a research work. Students who want to advance their education even further in a specific field can pursue a Doctor degree. The most famous American universities are Harvard, Princeton, Stanford, Yale, Columbia Universities.
Translation
The education system in the United States differs greatly from state to state. School education in so-called public schools is free. Parents are free to choose any free school for their children. However, there are many private schools, mostly religious ones, and parents need to pay for their education. The school year begins in September and ends in June. It is divided into 3 semesters or 4 quarters.
American children begin attending elementary school at age 6. They continue their education for 8 years (8 classes). The main subjects in the schedule at this stage are English, arithmetic, natural science, history, geography, foreign language and some others. Students can then move on to the Senior Secondary School, or if they went to a 5 or 6 year primary school, then they attend a 3 or 4 year Junior Secondary School before moving on to the Senior Secondary School. Students graduate from high school at age 18. Secondary schools tend to be larger and accommodate teenagers from 4 or 5 primary schools. During the academic year, students study 4-5 selective subjects, in accordance with their professional interests. They are required to take a certain number of courses in order to receive a high school diploma or school completion certificate.
To develop social skills and encourage student involvement in extracurricular activities, each high school has an orchestra, band, choir, drama, football, basketball and baseball teams. The school becomes the center public life for students.
In American colleges and universities, young people receive higher education. They study for 4 years and receive a Bachelor of Arts or Science degree. If a student intends to obtain a Master's degree, he needs to study for another 2 years and spend research work. Students who wish to continue their studies in a particular field of knowledge can obtain a Doctorate degree. The most famous American universities are Harvard, Princeton, Stanford, Yale and Columbia universities.
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The American system of school education differs from the systems in other countries. There are state public schools, private elementary schools and private secondary schools. Public schools are free and private schools are feepaying. Each state has its own system of public schools. The American education system is different from other countries. There are public secondary schools, private primary schools and private secondary schools. Public schools are free, while private schools are fee-paying. Each state has its own public school system.
Elementary education begins at the age of six or seven, when a child goes to the first grade (form).
At the age of sixteen schoolchildren leave the elementary school and may continue their education at one of the secondary schools or high schools, as they call them. The program of studies in the elementary school includes English, Arithmetic, Geography, History of the USA, Natural Sciences and, besides, Physical Training, Singing, Drawing, Wood or Metal Work, etc.
Sometimes they learn a foreign language and general history. Beside giving general education some high schools teach subjects useful to those who hope to find jobs in industry and agriculture or who want to enter colleges or universities. After growing from secondary schools a growing number of Americans go on to higher education. The students do not take the same courses. During the first two years they follow a basic program. It means that every student must select at least one course from each of the basic fields of study: English, Natural Sciences, Modern Languages, History or Physical Training. After the first two years every student can select subjects according to his professional interest. The National Government gives no direct financial aid to the institutions of higher education. Students must pay a tuition fee.
Primary education begins at the age of six or seven, when the child enters first grade. At the age of 16, students finish primary school and can continue their education in secondary schools or technical schools, as they call them. The elementary school curriculum includes: English, arithmetic, geography, US history, natural sciences, in addition, singing, drawing, work, etc. Sometimes a foreign language and general history are included in the program.
And in addition, some schools include in their general education curriculum subjects necessary for those who hope to find work in industry or agriculture, as well as for those who want to enter college and university. After graduating from high school, an increasing number of Americans go to higher education educational establishments. Students are not studying the same subjects. Only the first two years they follow general program. This means that each student must take at least one course from a general area of study: English, Science, Modern Languages, History, or Physical Education. After two years of study, each student can choose subjects according to their professional interests.
The state does not provide direct financial assistance to higher education institutions.
Students must pay for their education.
This creates a financial hardship for some people. Many students have to work to pay their expenses.The Americans place a high value on education.That’s why Kennedy said, “Our
progress as a nation can be no swifter than our progress in education.”
This creates financial difficulties for some people. Many students are forced to work to pay for their studies. Americans value education very highly. No wonder Kennedy said: “Our progress as nations depends entirely on our progress in education.”
Vocabulary:
- to differ [‘difa] - differ
- basic program [‘beisik ‘program] - basic program
- free - free
- fee paying - paid
- to create - create
Questions:
- Does the American system of school education differ from the systems in other countries?
- What kinds of schools are there in the USA?
- Is it true that each state has its own system of public schools?
