In the north and east the territory borders with Russia, in the southeast with the DPRK. South part has access to the Yellow Sea. The population is more than 121 million people.
Northeast China is home to the bulk of North Korean refugees.
see also
- Program for the administrative-territorial redistribution of the Northeast
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An excerpt characterizing Northeast China
Kutuzov, stopping to chew, stared at Wolzogen in surprise, as if not understanding what was being said to him. Wolzogen, noticing the excitement of des alten Herrn, [the old gentleman (German)] said with a smile:– I did not consider myself entitled to hide from your lordship what I saw... The troops are in complete disorder...
- Have you seen? Did you see?.. – Kutuzov shouted, frowning, quickly getting up and advancing on Wolzogen. “How do you... how dare you!..”, he shouted, making threatening gestures with shaking hands and choking. - How dare you, dear sir, say this to me? You don't know anything. Tell General Barclay from me that his information is incorrect and that the real course of the battle is known to me, the commander-in-chief, better than to him.
Wolzogen wanted to object, but Kutuzov interrupted him.
- The enemy is repulsed on the left and defeated on the right flank. If you have not seen well, dear sir, then do not allow yourself to say what you do not know. Please go to General Barclay and convey to him the next day my absolute intention to attack the enemy,” Kutuzov said sternly. Everyone was silent, and all that could be heard was the heavy breathing of the out of breath old general. “They were repulsed everywhere, for which I thank God and our brave army.” The enemy is defeated, and tomorrow we will drive him out of the sacred Russian land,” said Kutuzov, crossing himself; and suddenly sobbed from the tears that came. Wolzogen, shrugging his shoulders and pursing his lips, silently walked away to the side, wondering uber diese Eingenommenheit des alten Herrn. [at this tyranny of the old gentleman. (German)]
UDC 323.174
A. B. Volynchuk, Y. A. Frolova
CHINA in the cross-border region of northeast ASIA: economic and geographical basis of geopolitical status
An analysis is given of the formation of China's geopolitical status in the cross-border region of Northeast Asia. The economic and geographical factors that shape the geopolitical status of the northeastern provinces of China are considered. The nature of existing cross-border interactions between China and Russia is assessed. Forecast scenarios for geopolitical interaction between the USA, China and Russia are proposed.
Keywords Keywords: Northeast Asia, China, cross-border region, geopolitical status, cross-border processes, Dongbei, northeastern provinces of China, Russian-Chinese economic cooperation, “triangle of power.”
China in cross-border region of North-East Asia: economic and geographic basis of its geopolitical status. ANDREY B. VOLYNCHUK (Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok), YANA A. FROLOVA (Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok).
The article analyzes the formation of China’s geopolitical status in the cross-border region of NorthEast Asia. It also considers economic and geographic factors that shape the geopolitical status of the northeastern provinces of China. The authors study the cross-border cooperation between China and Russia and suggest the possible scenario of the geopolitical interaction US-China-Russia.
Key words: North-East Asia, China, cross-border region, geopolitical status, cross-border processes, Dongbei, north-eastern provinces of China, Russian-Chinese economic cooperation, “triangle of force”.
Like Russia, China belongs to the category of giant countries. In terms of the size of its state territory, the People's Republic of China ranks third in the world, behind the Russian Federation and Canada. The size of a country largely determines the characteristics of economic, social, political and geopolitical processes and influences the nature of internal and foreign policy states. Vast spaces serve as the root cause of the emergence of processes of territorial differentiation, which is the main basis for the formation and further development of all types of regions - territorially isolated political and economic entities countries. Differentiation based on natural differences between territories climatic conditions, geographical location, endowment with natural resources, comfort of living, fixes and then strengthens regional differences. The region is involved in development
personal types of division of labor, from interregional, within the country, to international.
The People's Republic of China is embedded in the cross-border region of Northeast Asia (NEA) by four administrative territories - the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Together they form the economic region of Dong Bay1, which is an integral, internally welded economic organism. The area of the region is almost 2 million km2, about 1/8 of the country's territory. Rich natural resources (oil, coal, oil shale, ferrous and alloying metals, hydropower resources, timber, seafood), favorable international economic and geographical location, specificity
1 Dongbei is the most common name in China for north-
ro-east of the country. However, in the Russian historical and geographical tradition, the toponym Manchuria is most often used to designate this territory.
VOLYNCHUK Andrey Borisovich, Candidate of Geographical Sciences, senior researcher at the laboratory international institutions and multilateral cooperation of the Asia-Pacific region, School of Regional and International Studies (Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok), e-mail: [email protected]; FROLOVA Yana Aleksandrovna, candidate of political sciences, senior lecturer, Institute of Law and Management (Vladivostok State University economy and service, Vladivostok), e-mail: [email protected]© Volynchuk A.B., Frolova Y.A., 2012
The article was prepared with the support of a grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 6.1602.2011 “State regulation of the development of border regions: balancing the needs of national security and economic progress.”
China in the cross-border region of Northeast Asia
A. B. VOLYNCHUK, Y. A. FROLOVA
development - all these factors contributed to consolidating the northeast as a strategic region of the country. And if other territories of China are oriented towards the south and southwest in their foreign economic and foreign policy, then the economic and political interests of the PRC, carried out through Manchuria (the historical name of Northeast China), are directed exclusively to Northeast Asia.
The influence of the northeastern provinces of China on modern economic and territorial-political processes in Northeast Asia is enormous. Relying on its economic and military potential, China is the initiator and participant in most economic projects and political initiatives. In this regard, it is not without interest to determine the nature of its geopolitical status in cross-border interaction in order to identify prospects for promoting the national interests of the PRC in this region of the world. The most suitable tool for achieving the goal set in the article is geopolitical expertise, the use of which is aimed at forming an objective idea of the status of the territory and the forecast for its further development.
The category of territory status is a complex multi-stage structure, which includes components of natural resource, demographic, economic, political, military and other levels. They are the subject of analysis in this publication.
The basis of the status of Northeast China is its demographic potential. The average population density in the region is about 69 people. per 1 km2. In absolute terms, the population of Dongbei significantly exceeds the number of its neighbors in the cross-border region. According to the 2010 census, more than 136 million people live within the four provinces, which is significantly more than not only the population of the Russian Far East (6.3 million) and the two Koreas (74.5 million), but also Japan (126 .2 million)2. The difference in demographic potentials of individual sectors of the cross-border region creates the conditions for the emergence of cross-border migration processes. They are especially powerful in the direction of the Russian Far East, which is facilitated by the peculiarities of the economic-geographical location (EGP) of northeast China.
Northern Dongbei has a long land border with Russian Federation, which ensures
2 Data from the population census held in China in 2010 are so far presented in official sources only in generalized form.
gives him immediate access to 5 Russian subjects: Trans-Baikal Territory, Amur and Jewish Autonomous Regions, Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories. The Eastern Contact Line is defined by the border of North and South Korea. In the West, the region borders Mongolia. The favorable nature of cross-border interaction between the Chinese sector of the cross-border NEA region is determined by the presence large quantity neighboring countries, and most of the foreign border regions are significantly inferior to China in a number of socio-economic indicators. This applies to the level of economic development of cross-border territories and their population potential. Today, the fact of the border neighborhood provides China with almost free access to relatively inexpensive and scarce resources of the Russian Far East and Mongolia: ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, oil, gas, electricity, timber, etc. Due to low transport costs for moving resources, Russian resources cheaper than Brazilian, Canadian or Australian ones. Steady flows of natural resources and raw materials from Russia have changed the spatial pattern of the distribution of production facilities in the provinces of Northeast China.
Another positive factor of the EGP for the northeast of China is its proximity to the powerful industrial and scientific centers of the PRC (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai), which territorially form its southern border. Availability of a developed transport infrastructure of automobile and railways provides the northeast with strong connections with the provinces of other economic regions of China, thereby expanding its resource base and increasing the sales capabilities of regional enterprises. Moreover, in addition to the developed network of railways of national importance, the region has in its transport structure railway line of international importance - the Chinese Eastern Railway, which crosses the entire northeast in a latitudinal direction and provides access to Chinese enterprises to the markets of Russia and Europe. The region has a relatively dense railway network. Total length The region's railways exceed 26 thousand km, almost 1/3 of the length of the country's roads. The main volume of freight transport in the region is carried out by rail.
Assessing the level of the region’s transport situation, one cannot fail to note the presence of access to the Yellow Sea. A network of various specialized port facilities created over the course of
political science. story. PHILOSOPHY
the entire coast, provides the opportunity to realize its economic and geopolitical interests in the countries of the Korean Peninsula and Japan. Moreover, the successful combination of access to the sea and numerous cheap labor resources makes it possible to attract significant foreign investment to the region in the form of direct financial injections into the regional economy or in the form of the introduction of new technological solutions.
The natural resource and industrial potential of the region is mainly based on its own natural base. Large deposits of tungsten, molybdenum and copper are being developed in northeast China. Vein and placer gold is found in different areas. Among non-metallic minerals, it is worth noting the huge reserves of coal. The region in question accounts for about 80% of the oil produced in China. The largest deposits are Daqing (north of Harbin) and Shengli (near Leizhou Bay).
Northeast China is one of the most industrially developed areas, accounting for 20% of the country's gross industrial output, the largest producer of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, machinery, electricity, coal, petroleum products, chemical products, cement, and timber. The average gross regional product (GRP) in 2009 was 19,318 yuan per person. .
In general, the natural resource base of Dongbei can be assessed quite highly. However, the region is increasingly showing negative results of many years of intensive development of the territory’s resources, which significantly increases the level of environmental tension. Problems in almost everything natural environments: pollution from industrial and municipal wastewater rivers and lakes, chemical pollution and soil salinization, deforestation, air pollution from gas emissions from metallurgy and the chemical industry.
Current state international economic relations are determined by China’s transition from a “planned commodity” economy to the construction of a “socialist market economy” with the implementation of a strategy of export-oriented economy. The 2000s marked the beginning of a new stage of industrialization based on increasing export potential. With the implementation of the strategy of comprehensive opening up of the external economy, both imports and exports are growing rapidly in Northeast China. Trade relations and technical and economic cooperation are maintained with 159 countries
and regions of the world, the main ones being Japan, USA, South Korea, Holland, Hong Kong.
The foreign economic policy of the northeastern regions of China is aimed at solving the following problems of long-term development:
1. Concentration of foreign investment in knowledge-intensive industries - aviation and space, instrument making, modern agricultural engineering, services, infrastructure, environmental protection, etc.;
2. Development foreign trade. Increasing exports of high-tech, high-value-added goods, labor-intensive goods and agricultural products. Limiting the export of energy-intensive goods and raw materials;
3. Development of cross-border trade, strengthening ties with the countries of the cross-border region of Northeast Asia, developing the market of the countries of Southeast Asia, Europe and America;
4. Expansion of international economic and technological cooperation;
5. Development of transport infrastructure, ensuring access to international transit corridors.
Implementing the development strategy of Northeast China, Liaoning Province, taking into account geographical location, focuses on Japan and South Korea; Jilin Province, which has the Korean Yanbian National District in its administrative structure, into South and North Korea and Russia; The government assigned Heilongjiang Province the role of the main mediator between the provinces of China and the CIS countries.
Over the past decade, Russian-Chinese economic cooperation within the cross-border region of Northeast Asia has reached the level of strategic partnership. The governments of the two countries coordinated regional development programs - the Russian Far East and the northeast of China. As a strategic priority for the socio-economic development of the Far Eastern territories of both countries, a course was announced to combine efforts to achieve main goal: modernization of economic potential and improvement of people's quality of life.
Since the early 1990s, a “border openness belt” has been operating in the outlying regions of China; For about two decades, the Chinese authorities have been stimulating the development of cross-border trade with Russia, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Mongolia, Myanmar, Vietnam, emphasizing that this is the way for the prosperity of border areas. Open door policy in border areas
regions of the PRC was aimed at creating favorable conditions for the life of the population and for commerce. In 1992, the State Council of the People's Republic of China awarded the status of "open border cities" to more than 13 cities, county centers and towns, including Heihe and Suifenhe (Heilongjiang Province), Manzhouli and Erenhot (Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), Hunchun (Jilin Province), Dandong (Liaoning Province). In specially designated areas of most of these settlements zones of cross-border economic cooperation were created. The most successful of these provinces in terms of the dynamics of foreign trade turnover was Heilongjiang Province (an increase of more than 33 times), followed by Jilin (19 times) and Liaoning (11 times).
The Russian-Chinese strategic partnership, despite the relatively low level of trade and economic relations compared to other major partners of China (USA, Japan, EU), is extremely important for the PRC. Russia and China have a strong legal framework for the development of economic ties. These are intergovernmental agreements on trade and economic cooperation, on the promotion and mutual protection of capital investments, on scientific and technical cooperation, on the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of tax evasion in relation to income taxes, on cooperation and mutual assistance in customs affairs, on cooperation in the field of protection of intellectual property, etc., as well as dozens of interdepartmental agreements. The official policy document defining the prospects for the long-term development of Chinese-Russian strategic cooperation is the Agreement between the PRC and the Russian Federation on good neighborliness, friendship and cooperation, signed on July 16, 2001.
It should be noted that in general, in recent years there has been a serious breakthrough in trade and economic cooperation between Russia and China. High growth rates of bilateral trade at a level of more than 30% remain, and bilateral trade turnover in 2011 reached a record level of -83.5 billion dollars. Russian President Vladimir Putin, speaking at the APEC summit in Vladivostok, noted that trade turnover between the Russian Federation and China will soon reach $100 billion.
Comparative analysis levels of geopolitical potential of the Chinese and Russian sectors of the cross-border region of NEA showed the superiority of the Chinese status, which determines
the systemic nature and flexibility of the strategy for China’s promotion into the economy of the Far East. It highlights the following areas: trade in energy resources, forest resources, construction of a network of gas stations in China and a network of oil refineries in the Russian Far East, increasing Chinese exports to the Far East market.
China's economic interests are outlined in the "Plan for Revitalizing the Economy of the Northeast of the People's Republic of China", developed under the auspices of the State Committee for Reform and Development and published in August 2007. Main macroeconomic guidelines: increasing the volume of GRP per capita from 15,318 yuan in 2005 to 21 889 yuan in 2012. increase in expenses for Scientific research and development projects up to 2% of GRP.
The policy of the Chinese authorities is aimed at the restoration and reconstruction of industrial centers in the northeast of the country. Pragmatic China intends to attract all possible resources from Siberia and the Far East to implement a program to revive the region's old industrial base. The consequence of this is the active propaganda in China of the idea of coordinating this program and Russian plans for the development of the Far East. The advantages of the territorial proximity of the three northeastern provinces, especially Heilongjiang, to Russia are obvious, their production structure is comparable, and economic complementarity is strong.
Last years were marked by important changes in the global geopolitical situation. To a large extent, they are associated with the growing role of China both in the regional (Northeast and Asia-Pacific) and in the global balance of power. This was facilitated by many years economic crisis, which primarily had a negative impact on the economic condition of the leading countries of the world. In the race for global leadership, Beijing plans not only to rely on the industrial potential of its northeastern provinces, but also to use the rich experience of cross-border cooperation with the Russian Far East.
Currently, a rapidly developing China is positioning itself as a power that is gaining international significance. He seeks equal cooperation with the world community in maintaining global and regional stability. But economic development China's integration into the world economy evokes a response, and not always in favor of China, from the United States, the EU, and Japan. While in the PRC they remain
political science. story. philosophy
authoritarian regime and monopoly Communist Party China for political power, China will remain a “stranger” for them in politics. However, China's growing economic and military power is raising its profile and expanding its political influence in the world. The PRC remains a rising “center of power” that pursues an independent foreign policy. And if Beijing has not yet shown much activity in global politics, in the Asia-Pacific region China is already positioning itself as a regional leader who readily takes on the burden of responsibility for maintaining sustainable development, peace and stability. At the APEC summit held in Vladivostok, Chinese President Hu Jintao said: “China’s development will continue. China intends to remain the engine of development in the region."
The shift in the center of economic power from the Atlantic to the Pacific brings back to life a model that was very popular at the end of the last century international relations- “triangle of power” - USA-China-Russia. It seems that the current balance of power in the “geopolitical trio,” like forty years ago, will again have a decisive influence on the situation not only in the Asia-Pacific region, but throughout the world. Despite obvious and hidden problems, the United States and China are the most powerful economies in the world. In turn, Russia, under favorable conditions and a competent financial policy, has every chance to restore its lost status as a global geopolitical player.
Considering the prospects for interaction between the three powers within the “triangle”, we can talk about the possible development of the situation according to four scenarios.
The first scenario is possible with a successful “reset” of relations between the Russian Federation and the United States, which involves the removal of basic contradictions in issues of security, the export of democracy and human rights. In order to contain the growing influence of China in the Asia-Pacific region and in the world, Russia is taking the path of political and economic integration of the EU, joining or creating a joint security system with NATO “from Lisbon to Vladivostok.” In this scenario, China's strategic position will deteriorate sharply. China will be under pressure from both land and sea: north/northwest - Russia and NATO; east/northeast - Russia, Japan, Republic of Korea, USA; southeast - Taiwan, USA; south/southwest - Vietnam and India. China's response options will be limited to two steps. The first is trade, economic, military
and political rapprochement with Iran, which is unlikely to significantly improve Beijing’s position, but will seriously increase the degree of antagonism with the United States. The second is improving relations with the United States and NATO, abandoning an independent foreign policy, compromise and concessions in matters of national and geopolitical interests. China will cease to be an independent center of power, and the world political system will again become unipolar.
According to the second scenario, the outcome of the “reset” of relations between Russia and the United States will not lead to the conclusion of an alliance against a rising China. On the one hand, Moscow will strive to improve its image in Europe, move economically closer to the EU, and cooperate with NATO; on the other hand, in order to maintain space for political maneuvers and obtain geopolitical and trade-economic benefits, Russia will develop friendly relations with China. In this situation, there is a high probability of maintaining a bipolar world for a significant period.
According to the third scenario, the idea of V.V. Putin’s plan to create a single Eurasian economic and political union will take real shape in the post-Soviet space. Integration processes with the CIS countries can significantly speed up the restoration of geopolitical positions lost by Russia. The economic, demographic and military potential of the new Eurasian Union will significantly increase the geopolitical status of Moscow, which, in turn, will increase tensions in relation to the West. Russia will perceive NATO's expansion to the east, the deployment of a missile defense system, and the export of “color” revolutions as the most serious strategic threat to itself. In this case, Russia will try to rely on Chinese strength and continue a strategic partnership with China to confront the West. In addition, despite Russia and China’s awareness of their strategic interests in the confrontation with the United States, both sides will not escalate the conflict with the West to the extreme. At the same time, strategic partners will avoid formal allied obligations towards each other in order to retain space for political maneuver.
The fourth scenario involves the joining forces of China and Russia in the fight against US global hegemony. The creation of a Russian-Chinese military-political alliance will again “split” the world into two warring camps and, in fact, will plunge the existing security system into a state of a new “Cold War”.
Analyzing the current balance of power in the world and in the North-East Asia region, we can say:
that there are no prerequisites for the development of the first and fourth “union” scenarios, and Chinese-Russian relations tend to a greater extent to implement the second and third. If “Eurasianism” prevails, the situation will follow the third scenario, and if the “European scenario” prevails, the situation will follow the second. Of course, the boundaries between these scenarios are quite vague and unclear.
The cooling of relations between the US and Russia inevitably gives China a strategic chance. China is both a land and sea power. IN new history it was repeatedly attacked, but mainly from the sea. During the period of tense relations between China and the USSR Soviet troops were on the Sino-Mongolian border just a few hundred kilometers from Beijing - face to face with the enormous power of China. After the establishment of strategic partnership relations between China and Russia, China was freed from pressure from the north. The establishment of good neighborly relations also affected such regions of China as the west, northwest, northeast and southeast, which entered a safe existence mode due to the preservation of traditionally friendly relations with Russia by countries bordering China, which were optimistic about friendship between China and Russia.
Despite some friction between China and the United States, both countries generally maintain normal relations with each other. China is not sticking out, not waving flags, not challenging American strategic interests, and Americans are shifting their strategic attention to Europe and the Middle East, not viewing China as a strategic threat. Relations in the triangle are stable and balanced, which gives China a gain in time - 20 years of peaceful development. If in the next 20 years China develops at the same speed as now, its prospects are unpredictable.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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7. People's Republic of China: politics, economics, culture. To the 60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China. M.: FORUM, 2009. 592 p.
8. Larin V. Interregional interaction between Russia and China at the beginning of the 21st century: experience, problems, prospects // Problems of the Far East. 2008. No. 2. P. 40-53.
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14. Tatsenko K.V. Trends in economic interaction between the Russian Far East and Northeast China. Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2006. 216 p.
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17. Zhao Xin. International cooperation in plans for the socio-economic development of the regions of Russia and China // Geopolitical potential of cross-border cooperation in the countries of the Asia-Pacific region / scientific. ed. A.B. Volynchuk; under general ed. Ya.A. Frolova. Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2010. pp. 195-208.
2012 No. 4 HUMANITIES RESEARCH IN EASTERN SIBERIA AND THE FAR EAST
Dongbei (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning) Dongbei (Chinese 東北，东北, that is, “northeast”) is the name adopted in China for the northeastern part of this country, including the easternmost part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Heilongjiang Province, ... ... Wikipedia
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- , G. I. Malyshenko. The monograph on the history of Cossack emigration to Northeast China is based on a wide range of sources and special research, both domestic, emigrant and foreign... eBook
- , Melnikov Gennady Ivanovich. At the turn of the XIX-XX centuries Russian empire pursued a very active policy in the Far East, trying to strengthen and strengthen its influence in the region and, above all, in China. In 1898...
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China- People's Republic of China, PRC (Chinese: Zhonghua renmin gongheguo). I. General information Kazakhstan is the largest state in terms of population and one of the largest in area in the world; located in Central and East Asia. In the east... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
China- The great Wall of China. The great Wall of China. China () is a state in Central and East Asia. Area 9.6 million sq. km. Population over 1.18 billion people. Capital Beijing. China is one of the oldest countries in the world. In the 2nd millennium BC... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of World History
China- People's Republic of China, PRC, state in the Center, and East. Asia. The name China adopted in Russia comes from the ethnonym Khitan (aka China) of the Mong group. tribes that conquered the northern territory in the Middle Ages. regions of modern times China and formed the state of Liao (X... ... Geographical encyclopedia
Northwestern administrative district of Moscow- Northwestern Administrative District Area ... Wikipedia
Books
- Russian Cossacks in Northeast China: exodus, resettlement and political struggle (1920–1937), G. I. Malyshenko. The monograph on the history of Cossack emigration to Northeast China is based on a wide range of sources and special research, both domestic, emigrant and foreign... Buy for 550 rubles eBook
- On the distant frontiers, Melnikov Gennady Ivanovich. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the Russian Empire pursued a very active policy in the Far East, trying to strengthen and strengthen its influence in the region and, above all, in China. In 1898...
Perhaps the administrative divisions of China are as complex as its hieroglyphic alphabet and dialects. Most often you will come across such a concept as “traditional regions”; below they will be designated.
The administrative division has three levels: provinces, counties (cities) and volosts (settlements).
The country is divided into 22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 3 central cities. Administrative divisions under provincial or autonomous regions include autonomous okrugs, counties, autonomous counties and cities.
Subordinate to a county or autonomous county are volosts, national volosts and towns. Central cities and major cities are divided into districts and counties, while autonomous counties are divided into counties, autonomous counties and cities.
Autonomous regions, counties and counties are areas of national autonomy. Administrative regions, districts and aimags are not bodies of state power, but represent the power of provinces and autonomous regions, which exercises jurisdiction over the corresponding counties (khoshuns) or cities.
District departments are also not government bodies, but represent urban areas or cities not divided into districts. District regulations have been canceled in some provinces administrative units, and in their place were placed counties of regional subordination under the jurisdiction of cities of provincial subordination.
The three cities under central control are Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin.
Twenty-two provinces - Hebei, Shanxi, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Taiwan.
The five autonomous regions are Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Guangxi and Tibet.
These cities, provinces and autonomous regions have 31 jurisdictions autonomous region, 321 cities and 2046 counties.
There is also an economic approach, and a geographical one, and a climatic one. China's central, southern and northern regions differ in all respects. Let's focus on the traditional approach; these names are most often found in tourist guides. We have compiled for you a list of names of regions of the country associated with six economic regions:
- Eastern China: , Anhui, Fujian, Jiangsu, Shandong, Jiangxi, Zhejiang
- Northern China: , Tanjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia
- Northeast China: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning
- Northwestern China: Gansu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Ningxia
- South Central China: Guangdong, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi,
