Municipal budgetary non-standard educational institution
"Gymnasium No. 70"
Methodological development of a musical and literary evening
“Love lyrics by A.K. Tolstoy in the romances of Russian composers"
music teacher
Novokuznetsk, 2017
Love lyrics by A.K. Tolstoy in the romances of Russian composers
Target: acquaintance with romances by Russian composers, written to poems by A.K. Tolstoy.
Form: dialogue between presenters (leaders are high school students), performance of romances by students, listening to audio recordings.
The romance “If you love so madly...) performed by Yu. Gulyaev sounds.
Presenters:
If you love, so without reason,
If you threaten, it’s not a joke,
If you scold, so rashly,
If you chop, it’s too bad!
If you argue, it’s too bold,
If you punish, that's the point,
If you forgive, then with all your heart,
If there is a feast, then there is a feast!
This romance by Reinhold Glier based on poems by A.K. Tolstoy paints the image of a Russian man, who is characterized by breadth of soul, courage, and daring.
In this poem, “If you love, so without reason:” subtly, sweepingly and cheerfully lists the strong traits of an integral character. We see a strong, healthy, cheerful man who loves nature, brave hunting, a friendly feast, a well-aimed, sharp word. A Russian person cannot do things halfway, be a rationalist and a pragmatist.
Perhaps these lines contain a poetic self-portrait of Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy himself. It was not for nothing that he said to Yesenin: “He is a man of a wide heart:.”
And the lines “If you love, you are crazy” is the love story of Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy and Sofia Andreevna Miller. It was their romantic and beautiful meeting that gave us the lines of a wonderful poem:
In the middle of a noisy ball, by chance......
They first met at a masquerade ball in St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theater. He accompanied the heir to the throne, the future Tsar Alexander II, there. She appeared at the masquerade because, after breaking up with her husband, Horse Guardsman Miller, she was looking for an opportunity to forget herself, to disperse. For some reason, in the secular crowd, he immediately noticed her. The mask hid her face. But grey eyes looked intently and sadly. Beautiful ashen hair crowned her head. She was slender and graceful, with a very thin waist. They did not speak for long: the bustle of the colorful masquerade ball separated them. But she managed to amaze him with the accuracy and wit of her fleeting judgments. In vain he asked her to open her face, to remove the mask... But he business card she accepted, making a sly promise not to forget him.
Perhaps it was precisely on that January night in 1851, when he was returning home, that the first lines of this poem formed in his mind:
In the middle of a noisy ball, by chance,
In the anxiety of worldly vanity,
I saw you, but it's a mystery
Your veils of features..."
This poem will become one of the best in Russian love lyrics. Nothing was invented in it, everything is as it was...
Only the eyes looked sadly,
Like the sound of a distant pipe,
Like a playing shaft of the sea.
I liked your thin figure
And your whole thoughtful look.
And your laughter, both sad and ringing,
Since then it has been ringing in my heart.
The future was hidden from him. He didn't even know if he would see her again...
In the lonely hours of the night
I love, tired, to lie down -
I see sad eyes
I hear cheerful speech;
And sadly I fall asleep like that,
And I sleep in unknown dreams...
Do I love you - I don't know
But it seems to me that I love it!
And soon after this meeting at a masquerade ball, he received an invitation from her.
- This time you won't escape me! - said Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, entering the living room of Sofia Andreevna Miller. In her, in Sofya Andreevna, Alexey Konstantinovich found not only his only woman, but also an intelligent friend. During the “noisy ball”, Sofya Andreevna was married to an unloved man - cavalry guard Colonel L.F. Miller; before her marriage, she experienced a tragedy - she was carried away by Prince P.A. Vyazemsky, because of this hobby, one of her brothers was killed in a duel ... Tolstoy was not happy either. He was tormented by his service at the royal court, which was morally difficult for him, and he dreamed of literature, of art - he wanted to devote himself completely to them and did not find the strength to break with the service, the court, the uniform. In 1857, he firmly wrote to Emperor Alexander II: “Sire, service, whatever it may be, is deeply disgusting to my nature... Service and art are incompatible. One harms the other. And a choice must be made.” He writes to the emperor that he can no longer wear a uniform. This letter contains all the pure, direct nature of A.K. Tolstoy, who combined kindness, tenderness and delicacy of soul with truly masculine beauty and enormous physical strength. He was like that in love, waiting 12 years for Sofya Andreevna to get a divorce. His letters to her are the same poems, only in prose.
In 1851, he wrote to her: “There are moments in which my soul, when thinking about you, seems to remember distant, distant times, when we knew each other better and were even closer than now, and then I seem to imagine a promise that we will again become as close as we once were, and in such moments I experience a happiness so great and so different from everything accessible to our imaginations here that it is like a foretaste or premonition of a future life ... "
The second half of the 1850s turned out to be the period of greatest poetic productivity. “I attribute everything to you: fame, happiness, existence; Without you there will be nothing left for me, and I will become disgusting to myself.” During these years, two-thirds of all his lyric poems were born, which were published in great demand in almost all Russian magazines of that time.
Tolstoy dedicated many poetic works to Sofya Andreevna, namely romance poems: “A tear trembles in your jealous gaze” (1858), “Don’t believe me, friend:” (1856), “Autumn, Our whole poor garden is crumbling,” “That was early spring:" (1871)
The poem “Among the Noisy Ball” will become one of the best in Russian love lyrics, but it will become famous when it turns into a romance to the music of P. I. Tchaikovsky. Three years after the death of A.K. Tolstoy, P.I. Tchaikovsky wrote music for these poems.
Tchaikovsky's Romance "Among the Noisy Ball" performed by D. Hvorostovsky
Presenters: Tolstoy is an inexhaustible source for lyrics to music; this is one of the poets I like,” said P. I. Tchaikovsky.
At the turn of the 70s and 80s, Tchaikovsky wrote 12 romances and 8 of them based on poems by Tchaikovsky’s favorite poet A.K. Tolstoy. Among them are such vocal miniatures, enchanting with their poetic charm and penetrating lyrical feeling, “That Was in Early Spring,” “Among the Noisy Ball,” “Oh, If You Could,” “Don Juan’s Serenade,”
Tolstoy himself called his poem “That Was in Early Spring...” “a small pastoral, translated from" However, this is not a translation. Tolstoy obviously wanted to emphasize that some poem by Goethe gave impetus to the creation of these lines. The poet recalls his first meetings and the images of awakening nature do not allow him to forget it. This is a memory of distant youth, the timidity of first confessions, the happiness of bright hopes. The May morning merges with the “morning of our years,” and life itself turns into a unique and fleeting moment.
Students: Read the poem “That Was in Early Spring”
Presenters: Tchaikovsky carefully and sensitively reproduces the “music of verse”, at the same time introducing some special individual accents into the interpretation of the poetic text. The beauty of nature, a peaceful landscape, a sunrise, a clear day is just a background that enhances and highlights a person’s psychological state, his heartfelt melancholy, thoughts, memories, deep emotional experiences. Whole line exclamation sentences, drawing attention to themselves, are pronounced not at all joyfully, but with aching pain.
Tchaikovsky's romance “That Was in Early Spring” performed by A. Netrebko sounds
Presenters: More than half of Tolstoy's poems were set to music by Russian composers; romances based on his words were written by Bulakhov, Rimsky-Korsakov, Tchaikovsky, Cui, Mussorgsky, Taneyev, Rachmaninov.
It is difficult today to meet a person who would not know anything about romance - a musical genre that is so popular these days. A small vocal work that combines lyrical poetry and music, telling us about a person’s feelings, about his love, joy, happiness. A romance can glorify the beauty of nature, raise high moral themes, grieve about the past in a soft, confidential tone, turn over the pages of history, and look into the future. And we hear all this in ancient and modern romances. And, of course, if you declare your love, then in the “high syllable of Russian romance.”
Romances are written based on a wide variety of poems, but main goal The composer always strives to express, with the greatest sensitivity possible, the poet’s intention and to enhance the emotional tone of the poems with music.
Russian romance: How many secrets of broken destinies, trampled feelings does he keep! But how much charm, poetry, touching love is sung in it! Marvelous! And these lines were undoubtedly created for romance:
Students: Read the poem: “Not the wind, blowing from above...”
Presenters: At the end of the 90s of the 19th century, Nikolai Andreeviya Rimsky-Korsakov, the recognized head of the St. Petersburg school of composers, author of numerous operas and symphonic works, professor at the conservatory, teacher of a galaxy of significant composers, turned to chamber-instrumental works, which he did not turn to for a long time. In “The Chronicle of My Musical Life,” which the composer kept for many years, he writes: “I haven’t composed romances for a long time. Turning to the poems of Alexei Tolstoy, I wrote four romances and felt that I was composing them differently than before... > Feeling that the new method of composing was true vocal music, and being pleased with my first attempts in this direction, I composed one romance after another..." A captivating and complete image was born in the romance “Not the wind, blowing from above”
Rimsky-Korsakov's romance "Not the Wind, Blowing from Height" is performed by a student.
Presenters: Tolstoy considered the poem "My Bells" to be his best poem. Its theme was not the bell flowers that accidentally fell under the hooves of the rider's horse. These were reflections on the fate of the country, its history and future.
However, composer P. Bulakhov, having begun to create the romance, swept away the overly patriotic part, leaving only the poetic image of bell flowers. As a result, the resulting romance became a song about bells that the rider would be glad not to crush, “but the reins cannot hold back the indomitable run.” It is in this form that romance has existed for approximately a century and a half.
This poem by A.K. Tolstoy attracted the attention of not only Pyotr Bulakhov. It is known that at least 12 composers still turned to these lines when creating their romances. However, only his romance gained fame.
Bulakhov's romance “My little bells, steppe flowers” performed by 10th grade students.
“In the midst of a noisy ball, by chance...” No, I heard this romance later, but first there were “My Bells, Flowers of the Steppe!”, the bewitching fairy tale “Sadko”. In my youth, “Prince Silver” made a special impression on me. I was worried and couldn’t calm down for several weeks.
Alexei's mother was the illegitimate daughter of Count A.K. Razumovsky, Anna Alekseevna Perovskaya. Anna was raised in the Razumovsky family and married Count Tolstoy in 1816.
But the marriage, most likely, was not of mutual sympathy; the widowed count was much older than his wife. As soon as they got married, Alexei Tolstoy’s parents began to quarrel and separated soon after his birth.
Tolstoy's uncle on his father's side was the medalist artist Fyodor Tolstoy.
But the boy was raised by his mother and her brother, the then famous writer A. Perovsky, who wrote under the pseudonym Antony Pogorelsky.
Alexey spent his childhood on the estate of his mother and then his maternal uncle in Ukraine in the village of Pogoreltsy.
Later, Tolstoy himself wrote in: “For another six weeks I was taken to Little Russia by my mother and my maternal uncle, Alexei Alekseevich Perovsky, who was later a trustee of Kharkov University and known in Russian literature under the pseudonym Anton Pogorelsky. He raised me, and my first years were spent on his estate.”
Alexey got a good one. From the age of 10, the boy was taken abroad. So in 1826 he went to Germany with his mother and uncle. An event took place there that Tolstoy remembered for the rest of his life - while visiting Weimar, the family visited Goethe, and Alexei sat on the lap of the great German writer.
The trip to Italy made a great impression on the boy. As he himself later wrote: “We started in Venice, where my uncle made significant acquisitions in the old Grimani Palace. From Venice we went to Milan, Florence, Rome and Naples - and in each of these cities my enthusiasm and love for art grew in me, so that upon returning to Russia I fell into a real “homesickness”, a kind of hopelessness, as a result of which I did not want to eat anything during the day, and cried at night when my dreams carried me to my lost paradise.”
When Tolstoy was 8 years old, he, his mother and uncle moved to St. Petersburg. A close friend of his uncle, the Russian poet V. Zhukovsky, introduced Alexei to the Tsarevich, and from then on Alexei Tolstoy was one of those children who were part of the childhood circle of the heir to the throne, the future Alexander II.
On Sundays he came to the palace to play. Children's relationships did not evaporate with childhood, but continued throughout Tolstoy's life. Tolstoy was treated with great respect by the wife of Alexander II, Empress Maria Alexandrovna, who highly valued Tolstoy’s poetic gift.
Tolstoy began writing on French, it was on it that two of his science fiction stories were written in the late 1830s - early 1840s - “The Family of the Ghoul” and “Meeting after Three Hundred Years.”
In May 1841, Tolstoy’s first book was published under the pseudonym “Krasnorogsky”.
The book was noticed by V. G. Belinsky himself and spoke very favorably about it, seeing in it “all the signs of a still too young, but nevertheless remarkable talent.”
In 1834, Tolstoy became the so-called “archive youth”, entering the Moscow archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. As a “student of the archive,” in 1836 he passed an exam “in the sciences that formed the vector of movement of the former faculty of literature” at Moscow University, and was assigned to the Russian mission at the German Diet in Frankfurt am Main.
In the same year, his uncle Perovsky died, leaving his nephew a large fortune.
In 1840, Tolstoy received service in St. Petersburg at the royal court, where he served in the II department of His Imperial Majesty’s own chancellery, had a court rank, while continuing to travel around different countries and lead an easy social life.
In 1843 he received the court rank of chamber cadet.
In the 1840s, Alexey Konstantinovich began working on the historical novel “Prince Silver,” which he completed only in 1861. At the same time, he wrote lyrical poems and ballads.
Tolstoy was familiar with Panaev, Nekrasov, Gogol, Aksakov, Annenkov. It was he who helped Turgenev free himself from exile in 1852.
Probably everyone knows the aphorisms of Kozma Prutkov. So this satirical character was created by Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy together with his cousins Zhemchuzhnikov.
During the Crimean War, Tolstoy first wanted to form a special voluntary militia, but when he failed, he entered military service and was appointed aide-de-camp.
He never had time to take part in hostilities, having contracted typhus near Odessa. Many of his fellow soldiers died from this disease. And Tolstoy himself was in a very difficult condition, one might say, hanging by a thread between life and death.
The Emperor was so concerned that he was telegraphed about Tolstoy's health several times a day.
Tolstoy was married to the wife of Horse Guards Colonel S.A. Miller, nee Bakhmetyeva. And Alexey Tolstoy fell in love with his savior for the rest of his life.
They were not immediately destined to reunite. Sofia Andreevna’s husband did not give her a divorce, and getting a divorce in those days was very problematic. Tolstoy’s mother also did not want him to marry Sofya Andreevna. Of course, she dreamed of a completely different bride for her only son. Their marriage was officially formalized only in 1863.
But Tolstoy’s letters to Sofya Andreevna, written in adulthood, amaze with their indescribable tenderness. Everyone who knew this couple said that their marriage was happy from the first to the last day.
During the coronation in 1856, Alexander II appointed Tolstoy as an aide-de-camp, but Tolstoy did not want to remain in military service, explaining this by the fact that “Service and art are incompatible,” and received the title of Jägermeister, in which he remained until the end of his days, without performing any service.
From the mid-60s, Tolstoy’s health deteriorated, and he began to live more of the winter in the resorts of Italy and Southern France, and spent the summer on his Russian estates - Pustynka on the banks of the Tosna River near St. Petersburg and Krasny Rog, Mglinsky district, Chernigov province, near the city Pochepa.
In 1866-1870, Alexey Konstantinovich published a historical trilogy, consisting of the tragedy “The Death of Ivan the Terrible”, “Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich”, “Tsar Boris”.
But not only the health, but also the financial situation of the writer deteriorated, since he paid little attention to the household.
IN last years Tolstoy wrote many poems and ballads, published in the magazines “Sovremennik”, “Russian Bulletin”, “Bulletin of Europe” and others. In 1867 he published a collection of poems.
The writer died at the age of 58 on the Krasny Rog estate in the Chernigov province. The doctor prescribed him treatment with morphine and during another attack of headache on September 28, 1875, Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy made a mistake and injected himself with too large a dose of morphine.
Now Krasny Rog is located in the Bryansk region and there is the Museum-Estate of Alexei Tolstoy.
There is also a chapel-tomb where A.K. is buried. Tolstoy. The stone crypt was built in 1875 by the poet’s wife Sofia Andreevna Tolstoy. It became a tomb for S.A. herself. Tolstoy, who far outlived her husband, died in 1892.
Probably, many will be surprised that Tolstoy, having a tremendous opportunity for career growth, chose to be “only” an artist.
In one of his first poems dedicated to mental life Tolstoy wrote about his hero, the courtier and poet John of Damascus: “We love Caliph John; he deserves honor and affection.” But John of Damascus turns to the caliph with a request: “I was born simple as a singer, to glorify God with a free verb... Oh, let me go, caliph, let me breathe and sing in freedom.”
The writer himself desired exactly the same share for himself.
And all his works, from lyric poems, satire and ballads to historical novel and dramas are valuable pearls in the treasury of Russian literature.
And his romances shed a hymn of undying love and aching tenderness into the hearts of listeners.
“I can say, not without pleasure, that I am a bogeyman for our democrats and at the same time a favorite of the people, whose patron they consider themselves,” said the writer.
“And I feel incomparably better. Thanks to the one who advised me morphine,” said Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, and the next day, October 10, 1875, at eight in the evening, he injected himself with another dose. Half an hour later, his wife tried to wake him up, but all attempts were in vain. This is how the classic of Russian literature ended his earthly journey.
The way of death for a domestic writer is unique. A bullet, a noose, illness, even hunger and madness, although tragic, fit well into the unwritten canon. The syringe is more befitting the image of a “damned poet”, or even a rock idol. But just such a paradoxical, “wrong” ending was natural. For the reason that it exactly corresponded to the biography of Alexei Konstantinovich. She, too, was completely “wrong.”
The hero and the pirate?
Alyosha Tolstoy in childhood. Reproduction from a portrait
It can be expressed literally in two words: “The minion of fate.” Including literary ones - not every boy will have a fairy tale written that is included in the golden fund children's reading. And for Alyoshenka, Uncle Alexey Perovsky, though under the pseudonym Antony Pogorelsky, composed the well-known “Black Chicken, or Underground Inhabitants.” No, a happy childhood, wealth, shared love, a close-knit family and even a successful career - all this has happened to others. But, as a rule, separately and overshadowed, for example, by serious friction with the state. For Tolstoy, the conflict with the authorities occurred only in childhood.
Little Count Alyosha was a friend of Sasha Romanov, heir to the throne. Being very healthy and strong even then, he repeatedly beat the prince. And once he even fought with his father, Emperor Nicholas I: “Tolstoy took off like a cannonball fired from a cannon. The Emperor repelled this attack with one hand. Then he picked him up, kissed him and said: “Well done and a hero!” His friend, Prince Alexander Meshchersky, also recalled Tolstoy’s extraordinary strength: “I kept a silver fork for a long time, from which he twisted not only the handle, but also each tooth separately with a screw with his fingers.”
Strength was accompanied by an adventurous character. During the Crimean War, Tolstoy was enraged by the meanness of the British: “Some act like wild ones - they burn and rape civilians.” And he launched his project. It was planned to use personal money to purchase a yacht or steamship, arm volunteers and open pirate operations against the English fleet. “I ordered 40 carbines for 20 rubles each and am leaving as soon as possible... With the first success we will ask for authority to guerrilla actions" The project was postponed only for the reason that too many people found out about it - this threatened an international scandal, since Tolstoy by that time held the position of master of ceremonies of the imperial court.
Lyrics and horror
The most interesting thing is that it was at this moment that one of Tolstoy’s most tender poems was published, the wonderful music for which was composed by the composer Pyotr Bulakhov:
My bells
Steppe flowers!
Why are you looking at me?
Dark blue?
It has been familiar to us since childhood and falls under the category of “poems about nature.” But several stanzas were dropped from the romance and the children's version. Nowadays they would be considered an example of imperial chauvinism:
The noise flies to the far south
To the Turk and the Hungarian -
And the sound of Slavic ladles
The German doesn't like it!
However, they were indignant at them even then. Nikolai Chernyshevsky attacked both “Bells” and another poem, which is also included in the golden fund of Russian poetry:
In the middle of a noisy ball, by chance,
In the anxiety of worldly vanity,
I saw you, but it's a mystery
Your features are covered.
Tolstoy ironically remarked on this matter: “I can say, not without pleasure, that I am a scarecrow for our democrats and at the same time a favorite of the people, whose patron they consider themselves.”
This is not empty boasting. For the same “Among the noisy ball” Pyotr Tchaikovsky wrote a famous romance. In total, more than 150 works by Alexei Konstantinovich were set to music - an absolute record.
Less known is the fact that Tolstoy can rightfully be called the founder of the literature of the absurd. “In the village of Lousy Gorka, a wild general was caught. He was completely unaccustomed to speaking, but only commanded. It is believed that in winter it fed by sucking its own boots, and when captured, it laid an egg speckled with brown color. An egg was placed under the turkey in the presence of witnesses, but it is unknown what will come out of it” - here both Kharms and even Bulgakov fade.
Contemporaries often called him a “second-tier writer.” Critic Apollon Grigoriev predicted: “Tolstoy’s novel “Prince Silver” will very soon be forgotten.” Meanwhile, during the author’s lifetime, it went through 8 editions and was translated into all European languages. His early works in the horror style - "The Ghoul", "The Family of the Ghoul" and "Meeting After Three Hundred Years" - were contemptuously called imitation of Byron. But it was there that Bram Stoker drew inspiration, who let the vampire Dracula roam the world. Tolstoy was able to clearly and for centuries explain what a vampire is, how to expose him and how to finish him off, thereby giving birth to a solid part of the modern Hollywood canon.
A.K. Tolstoy in music
Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy is a poet, prose writer, playwright... It may seem that his name fades against the background of his brilliant namesake writers, distant relatives - Lev Nikolaevich and Alexei Nikolaevich. But we, residents of the Bryansk region, must know well the life and work of Alexei Konstantinovich, sacredly preserve the memory of the great fellow countryman.
Poetry by A.K. Tolstoy is thematically diverse: love, friendship, nature, art, history. The poet looks with love at simple and even nondescript pictures of life and nature, strives to tell about what is impossible to talk about in “everyday language.” And the souls of readers, following the poet, yearn for the beauty in life, love, nature, seek harmony, peace, immersing themselves in the melody of Tolstoy’s verse. It was the extraordinary musicality of Alexei Konstantinovich’s poetry that attracted our attention. We decided to dedicate our project “A.K. Tolstoy in Music” to this, to study Tolstoy’s lyrics as a source of texts for music, to unravel the mystery: why poems fit so easily to music.
We became acquainted with the biography of the poet with great interest, discovering an unusually talented, spiritually beautiful person, whom his contemporaries called “the knight of goodness and beauty.”
Following the advice of the great Goethe (“Whoever wants to understand a poet must go to his homeland”), our whole class visited family estate A.K. Tolstoy in Krasny Rog, laid flowers at the poet’s grave, and lit candles in the church that the poet himself visited. It was interesting to wander through the alleys of the park, along the paths where Alexey Konstantinovich walked. Native landscapes are one of the poet’s sources of inspiration: “... I very early became accustomed to daydreaming, which soon turned into a pronounced penchant for poetry. The nature among which I lived contributed a lot to this.”
We had the honor of reading poetry in the poet’s house: we took part in an event dedicated to the memory of Alexei Konstantinovich (October 10). We could not contain our excitement, the thought that perhaps it was here that the poet himself uttered these same lines.
There are few things in Krasny Rog that Tolstoy touched. Among them is a piano, brought here especially for Sofia Andreevna, the poet’s wife, a woman with a bewitching voice. Alexey Konstantinovich himself did not know how to play musical instruments, he considered himself not musical at all, but despite this, many of his poems are set to music.
We found out: over 130 musical works, mainly romances, were written based on Tolstoy’s texts. Among the composers who willingly turned to Tolstoy's lyrics were P.I. Tchaikovsky, Cui Ts., S. Rachmaninov, A. Grechaninov, M. Balakirev, M. Mussorgsky and other famous composers.“Tolstoy is an inexhaustible source for texts to music - he is one of the most sympathetic poets to me,” wrote P.I. Chaikovsky.
We have created our own music library of musical works written to the poems of A.K. Tolstoy. For this purpose, we visited the music department of the Regional Library. F.I. Tyutcheva. Library workers provided us with the material they had collected, which we supplemented with records from the Internet. We have 30 romances recorded on a separate disc.
Main stage of our research work– analysis of poems by A.K. Tolstoy. We wanted to understand the secret of the amazing musicality of his verse.
As a result of the analysis, we identified the factors that give Tolstoy’s works melodiousness and melody:
Special emotionality, sensuality of love, landscape lyrics,
Features of poetic meter (long iambic pentameter and hexameter lines),
Peculiarities of poetics (closeness to Russian folk song).
This is why Tolstoy’s poems easily set to music and become so popular among composers.
Composer and musicologist Cesar Cui wrote: “Poetry and sound are equal powers, they help each other: the word imparts certainty to the expressed feeling, music enhances its expressiveness, gives sound poetry, complements the unsaid: both merge together and act on the listener with redoubled force.”
According to Cui, the word is not fully defined, because it can only be expressed through music. That is why we recommend that when studying Tolstoy’s work, you must listen to romances based on his poems in order to understand in the poem the unsaid things that Cesar Cui writes about.
Kislenkova Victoria,Kuznetsova Oksana, 10th grade students;
Dunina A.A. Russian language teacher literature
MBOU "Lyceum No. 1 of the Bryansk region"
Municipal educational institution
"Average comprehensive school No. 14"
Bryansk
Summary of the literary living room
in grades 8-11
prepared
teacher of Russian language and literature
Eremina Tatyana Alexandrovna
Bryansk
2011
Goals:
1)give general concept about the role of the native land in the work of Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy;
2) to develop the skill of expressive reading of poems;
3) develop the artistic taste of students;
4) to promote attention and respect for the works of Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy associated with the Bryansk region.
Equipment: portrait of A.K. Tolstoy, illustrations for poems, exhibition of books (poems by A.K. Tolstoy, about the poet), dombra, piano, romances by P.I. Tchaikovsky “Among a noisy ball by chance...”, “I bless you, forests...” , “That was in early spring”, Russian folk costume.
Literary living room
Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy
The poem “I'll fill you with life, old woman...”
Dedicated to the 190th anniversary of the birth of A.K. Tolstoy...
Leading When you find yourself in Tolstoy’s region, in places directly connected with the poet, his work and life, you constantly feel that they are poeticized by a rich past. Tolstoy felt here his connection with the ancient Slavic world, and this inspired him to create beautiful poetic works. Red Horn, his small homeland, gave him the richest material for creativity, without which he could not imagine himself as a patriot and artist.
Student Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy was born on August 24, 1817 (old style) into a wealthy noble family in St. Petersburg. His father Konstantin Petrovich Tolstoy participated in Patriotic War 1812. The poet's mother Anna Alekseevna Perovskaya was the illegitimate daughter of Alexei Kirillovich Razumovsky, Catherine's nobleman, Minister of Education under Alexander the First, and the granddaughter of the last hetman of Ukraine K.G. Razumovsky.
Student When Alyosha was 6 weeks old, Anna Alekseevna left her husband, broke off all relations with him forever and went to the Chernigov region, to the estate of brother A.A. Perovsky (writer Anthony Pogorelsky), first - Pogoreltsy, then - Krasny Rog, 25 versts from Pochep , where her father lived his last years.
The poet recalled about his uncle: “He raised me, my first years were spent on his estate, so I consider Little Russia to be my real homeland. My childhood was very happy and left me with only bright memories. The only son who had no playmates and Endowed with a very lively imagination, I very early became accustomed to daydreaming, which soon turned into a pronounced inclination towards poetry. The nature among which I lived greatly contributed to this; the air and the sight of our large forests, which I passionately loved, made a deep impression on me that left an imprint on my character and on my whole life and remains in me to this day."
Student In this situation there was a comprehensive spiritual development future poet. “From the age of sixteen,” he later recalled, “I began to scribble paper and write poetry - my imagination was so struck by some of the works of our best poets, which I found in some thick, poorly printed and poorly bound collection with a dirty red cover... My first experiments were, without a doubt, absurd, but metrically they were impeccable." From that time on, Alyosha did not stop studying poetry. His uncle closely monitored his activities. Thus, we can say that Krasny Rog was the cradle of Tolstoy’s poetry, nurtured under the influence of the romantic writer. The first poetic experiments were shown to Pushkin for review and more than once to Zhukovsky in the second half of the 20s, who reacted favorably to them. Alyosha already saw poets who were famous throughout Russia, and he began to develop a serious attitude towards poetry - a worthy occupation for adults.
re-enactment
Student Alexey Alekseevich Perovsky, returning from trips, usually brought some unexpected gifts to his pupil Alyosha Tolstoy. This time he surprised and delighted him with a whole set of sea shells. They were especially pleasant here, in Krasny Rog, lost in the forest region, because they vividly reminded him of his trip to the south, to sunny Odessa, of the wonderful days spent by the sea.
More than others, Alyosha liked the heavy shell, with a sharp turn, ribbed, rough, nondescript on the outside and smooth, matte bluish, sometimes pearlescent and pinkish inside. It’s good to climb with her into the thicket of an English garden or into the forest close to the estate, lie down on the soft cool grass, put your ear to the hard shell and freeze, listening in the living emptiness to the sound of the distant sea.
Student Having learned about this, the next day Alexey Alekseevich went with Alyosha for a walk in the forest, as he often did. Alyosha loved these walks, because along the way his uncle usually told something interesting from his life, about the war in which he participated as a partisan, and then as an adjutant at the main headquarters, he invented funny stories, fables and fairy tales.
Student This time, Alexey Alekseevich silently and impatiently walked along a barely noticeable path, and Alyosha listened to how the tops of the old pines rustled faintly, how sometimes, where the pines parted, a light breeze burst in with an unexpected wave and the rustling of branches drowned out the even noise of the evergreen giants. Then again this steady noise was heard, like the distant sound of the sea. Alyosha, as soon as he realized this, his heart trembled, it ached, it seemed that the sea was calling, looking for him, and it was very close, at the edge of this forest, finally found him...
Student
Alexey Alekseevich
The noise of the pines vaguely resembles the roar of the sea surf, but only remotely. Forest noise is richer, juicier, it has a lot of different shades. It can be compared to a majestic hymn to the glory of life, which nature itself performs on a gigantic, powerful organ... So we entered the oak forest. There are different sounds here, and they are quieter. Listen.
Alyosha
The sea has driven its noise into the shell, but where does the forest noise go?
Alexey Alekseevich
It enters into a person, into trees, into birds, into flowers, into grass - into the whole world that surrounds us, into the world of inaudible sounds.
Alyosha
How good!
Alexey Alekseevich
- Well that's just wonderful! You should know, my boy, that the world is beautiful, but the most beautiful thing in it is man. He absorbs all the best in life and gives the mura in return the pearls of his soul, making him poetic. A world without poetry would be empty, cold and soulless.
Student And as if in confirmation of these words, a thin girlish voice was heard from afar, and soon the words could be made out:
Oh, it's too early for Ivan
Sonya played.
The girl took water
She fell into the water.
Oh, it's too early for Ivan.
I'd rather be, girl
Drown in the water,
What's wrong with you, Cossack girl?
Statist squad
Oh, it's too early for Ivan.
Dombra sounds.
Alyosha
I think I understand what poetry is.
Student At the end of December 1825, Anna Alekseevna left with her son for St. Petersburg. Thanks to her brother Vasily, the aide-de-camp of Nicholas the First, she was received at court and in society, Alyosha was introduced into the circle of ten boys who made up the Sunday society of Tsarevich Alexander, the future emperor. Thus was tied the Gordian knot of court connections, which the poet would try to untie for more than 30 years and which would cause him a lot of bitterness and moral suffering.
Leading Having left the court and settled in Chernigov estates - Pogoreltsy, Krasny Rog - Tolstoy devoted himself to his favorite work - literary creativity. In the poet's native land
The singing of a lark is louder,
Brighter spring flowers
My heart is full of inspiration
The sky is full of beauty...
A romance by Rimsky-Korsakov is playing.
Student In Krasny Rog, Tolstoy enthusiastically wrote about his region:
You are my land, my dear land,
Horse racing in Wole,
In the sky the cry of flocks of eagles,
Goy, my homeland!
Goy you, dense forest!
The midnight nightingale's whistle,
Wind, steppe and clouds!
Student Everything here is huge. This is a giant land. Tolstoy’s epic heroes were born in it - Ilya Muromets, Alyosha Popovich, Sadko - he saw Kievan Rus with princes-organizers and warriors, the ancient Slavic world was imagined, reflected in the ballads “Borivoi” and “Rugevit”. The poet loved the hoary antiquity of the Fatherland, sensitively captured its signs in people's life, in wonderful legends and songs, in a language that retained the flavor of speech from prehistoric times. The poet needed this distance of centuries so that, having escaped from secular St. Petersburg, “breaking the melancholy shackles, breaking the vulgar chains,” he could feel how “a triumphant tide of new life rushes in and the mighty system sounds fresh and young with new forces, like stretched strings between heaven and earth ". Here Tolstoy, with his heroic soul, embraced these heights from earth to sky and built his incomparable poetic capital, golden-domed, with palaces and towers, squares and streets along which History walked.
Student Tolstoy's Red Horn was always kind and hospitable. Many of the poet’s friends visited the shadow of the old park. Here he walked with his easel cousin and a friend of Levushka’s youth - Lev Mikhailovich Zhemchuzhnikov, with whom he talked about the most intimate things - about love for the chosen one of the heart, about the forbidden secrets of the court and the warring camps outside it - with whom it was good to joke, laugh and be sad. Tolstoy listened here to the “fragrant speeches, as if saturated with myrrh,” by the famous historian and writer Nikolai Ivanovich Kostomarov, read to Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet his “Norman-Russian” ballads “Three Massacres”, “Song of Harald and Yaroslavna”, scenes from the tragedy “Tsar Boris” . The writer B.M. Markevich often visited Krasny Rog, who depicted it in his novel “Marina from the Scarlet Horn”. The poet and diplomat M.A. Khitrovo visited here as a relative. He wrote enthusiastically about Tolstoy’s love for the Red Horn:
How he loved his peaceful corner,
Having cultivated sublime feelings in him,
Where in silence you are far from the bustle,
He went into his wonderful world of art.
How sensitively he loved his forests,
With their beauty, silence and noise.
Like autumn's last beauty
Was sweet to his last thoughts...
Student In this estate, the writer created many lyrical poems: “The last snow in the field is melting”, “The West is fading into the pale pink distance”, “silence descends on the yellow fields”, “That was in early spring” and others. Here is one of them:
The door to the damp porch opened again,
In the midday rays there are traces of a recent cold
They are smoking. The warm wind blew in our faces
And wrinkles the blue puddles in the fields.
The fireplace is still crackling, the ebb of fire
Reminiscent of the past cramped world of winter,
But the lark is there, ringing over the winter fields,
Today he announced that a different life has come.
And words sound in the air, I don’t know whose,
About happiness, and love, and youth, and trust,
And the running streams loudly echo them,
Fluctuating reeds, yellowing feathers.
Let them be like they are on clay and sand
The melted snow, murmuring, is carried away by waters,
The longing of your soul will be carried away without a trace
The healing power of resurrected nature!
Student In Krasny Rog, Tolstoy wrote well. In addition to the mass of lyrical poems that reflected his native land, he created the poem "John of Damascus" - an inspired poetic manifesto that affirms the great life-giving power of poetry, a number of historical ballads and epics: "The Serpent Tugarin", "Roman Galitsky", "Ilya Muromets" Sadko" and others; satires "History of the Russian State from Gostomysl to Timashev", "Popov's Dream", messages to ideological opponents.
Red Horn witnessed Tolstoy's thoughts and works on "Prince Serebryany", which shows the life of Russia in the second half of the 16th century and exposes the brutal rule of Ivan the Terrible. In the author's preface to the novel there is a confession: “In relation to the horrors of that time, the author remained constantly below history. Out of respect for art and the moral sense of the reader, he cast a shadow over them and showed them, if possible, in the distance. Nevertheless, he confesses “that when reading the sources, the book more than once fell out of his hands, and he threw down the pen in indignation, not so much from the thought that John 4 could exist, but from the fact that there could be a society that looked at him without indignation.”
Tolstoy wrote his satirical works - “The History of the Russian State from Gostomysl to Timashev”, “Popov’s Dream” and some others in Krasny Rog, where the poet felt especially close to his connection with people’s Russia.
Student Deep knowledge of the folk language and oral folk poetry allowed the writer to make a significant contribution to the development of Russian literary language, enrich it in vocabulary, stylistics, and musical expressiveness. It is no coincidence that over 130 musical works were written based on the poet’s texts by composers such as Tchaikovsky (“Among the Noisy Ball,” “That Was in Early Spring,” “The Passion Has Gone,” “To the Yellow Fields”), Rimsky-Korsakov (“Don’t Trust Me. Friend", "Where the vines bend over the pool"), Cui ("The singing of a lark is louder", "It was getting dark, the hot day turned pale elusively"), Mussorgsky ("It was not God's thunder that struck grief", "Arrogance walks, puffing up"), Rubinstein ( "Not the wind, blowing from above"). Rachmaninov, Ippolitov-Ivanov, Taneyev, Grechaninov, and Bulakhov also wrote romances based on Tolstoy’s texts. Some poems have received several musical interpretations. So, 9 romances were written for the verses “Silence descends on the yellow fields”, “Don’t believe me, friend” - the same number, 7 for the verses “The coming one swirls with white”, 6 each - “Oh, if only you could”, “Sharp a birch tree was wounded by an ax”, “Oh, what an honor to the fellow”, 5 each created on the verses “Where the vines bend over the pool”, “Kolodniki”, “Don’t ask, don’t question”, “Not the wind, blowing from on high”. Cui wrote 19 romances to texts by Tolstoy, Rimsky-Korsakov - 14, Tchaikovsky - 12. Tchaikovsky wrote: “Tolstoy is an inexhaustible source for texts to music, he is one of the most sympathetic poets to me.”
The romance “In the middle of a noisy ball by chance...” by P.I. Tchaikovsky sounds.
Student The impressive power of Tolstoy's lyrics is enormous. In any region, under any sky, it is perceived as a revelation, as soul-nurturing music. But once you find yourself in the poet’s native place, it takes on visible features, “recognition” of what is described, makes an indelible impression, and the poems are filled with inexplicable charm.
In the old Krasnorog park, the poems “Already the swallows, circling, were chirping over the roof”, “Autumn! Our whole poor garden is crumbling” come to mind. ( Reading a poem ).
Autumn! Our whole poor garden is crumbling,
Yellow leaves are flying in the wind,
They only show off in the distance, there, at the bottom of the valleys,
Brushes of bright red withering rowan trees.
“The door to the wet porch opened again,” and then - “The source behind the cherry orchard,” in the vicinity of the estate on the banks of the Rozhka there are places “where vines bend over the pool.”
(Reading a poem )
Where the vines bend over the pool,
Where the summer sun is hot,
Dragonflies fly and dance,
A cheerful round dance is performed.
"Child, come closer to us,
We will teach you to fly!
Child, come, come,
Until the mother woke up!
The blades of grass are trembling beneath us,
We feel so good and warm
We have turquoise backs,
And the wings are like glass!
WE know so many songs
We love you so much for a long time...
Look how sloping the bank is,
What a sandy bottom!
Student Each visit to his homeland caused a rise in Alexei Konstantinovich’s creative powers; he wrote lyrical poems, and from the mid-50s he also created works in the spirit of folk poetry, which, like an echo, responded to folk songs.
Rural life and native nature inspired the poet to create beautiful poems: “When all nature trembles and shines” and others:
Taking the rifle off the nail, I leave the house,
I walk between the winter, blackening roads;
I look at a pile of stacks, at a broken fence,
To the pond and the mill, to the wild slope,
On the bank of the stream is marshy and sloping,
And I enter the nearby forest. There's a reddened maple,
More green oak and yellow birches
Sadly they shake off their tears at me;
But further I go, immersed in dreams,
And half-naked branches hang above me,
Meanwhile, thoughts form harmonies,
Free words are crowded into a measured order,
And my soul is light, and joyful, and strange,
And everything is quiet around, and under my feet
So softly a wet leaf makes a fragrant noise.
The romance “I bless you, forests...” by P.I. Tchaikovsky sounds.
Student Tolstoy, like Pushkin, loved the picturesque palette of autumn, loved its beauty, which inspired thought and ignited his creative inspiration. That is why in the above passage one can clearly feel the echo of Pushkin’s “Autumn”.
In 1867, the first and only lifetime collection of poems was published, in which the poet appeared as a wonderful lyricist, with an unusually wide range of feelings, a rich spiritual world, morally pure, infinitely humane and noble. These were poems about the beauty of this world and the nobility of man.
Student At the end of his life, Alexei Konstantinovich became increasingly reluctant to leave Krasny Horn for treatment abroad. He enjoyed every day in his native land. In a letter to B. Markevich dated April 26, 1869, he wrote from Krasny Rog: “Now, when I am writing to you (at a quarter to four in the morning), the garden is full of nightingales, cuckoos, frogs, which I love very much, and that special cry that you can only hear it in the south - it is emitted by a bird called vyb, crayfish, or bug; it sticks its nose into all the swamps and makes sounds similar to the mooing of a bull - it is from the family of herons (...). Today is Saturday, and the bells of our church are ringing merges with the singing of nightingales and orioles (...). Nothing is silent around, everything sings and everything rejoices in the spring, I myself am just about ready to sing. All the trees are green, the big black grouse don’t sing, but the forest snipes sing all the better (...) God "How wonderful it is - spring! Is it possible that in another world we will be happier than in this world in the spring!"
Tolstoy is cheerful and responsive to all phenomena of life; his poetry is mostly optimistic and life-affirming. Indicative in this regard is the poem “That Was in Early Spring” - an enthusiastic hymn to spring, youth, love, happiness.
The romance “That Was in Early Spring...” by P.I. Tchaikovsky sounds.
The poem “The last snow in the field is melting...”
The last snow in the field is melting,
Warm steam rises from the earth,
And the blue jug blooms,
And the cranes call each other.
Young forest, dressed in green smoke,
Warm thunderstorms are impatiently waiting,
All springs are warmed by breath,
Everyone around loves and sings.
Student A year before his death, in the poem “Transparent clouds calm movement,” he describes autumn, the time of fading of nature, memories of the past. But there is no hopeless sadness in the poems, for “a different beauty has replaced the former.” Life goes on, and the poet reflects:
Peace has come to everything: accept it too,
A singer holding a banner in the name of beauty;
Check if her holy seed is diligent
You threw into the furrows left by everyone,
In all conscience, have you completed the task?
And is the harvest of your days abundant or meager?
Student Returning to Krasny Rog, Alexey Konstantinovich became completely ill. He wrote almost nothing, tried to correct some things intended for the second collection of poetry, and finished the poem “The Earth Blossomed,” begun in May.
The earth was blooming. In a meadow, dressed in spring,
The stream rolled between the grasses, silent;
There was a quiet hour between darkness and light,
There was a light sleep of forests, fields and fields;
The nightingale did not greet them;
Having overshadowed all nature widely,
Peace reigned; but under a silent shadow
I sensed the movement of powerful forces.
Without rustling over my head,
The trees flew away into the transparent darkness;
The through pattern of their young branches,
Like light smoke, it was lost in the high distance;
Forest cherry and field sage,
Glistening with dew, the grass was fragrant,
And I thought, looking into the darkened vault:
Where is it that attracts and attracts me so much?
I was completely imbued with bliss when I was new,
Full of strength unknown to me:
What is there in the harsh onslaught of life?
I didn’t dare wait, what I didn’t ask -
That was accomplished, it seemed, with one word,
And it seemed to me that I was flying without wings,
I’m moving, lifted by all nature,
In one irresistible impulse with her!
But he was sober, smart and ecstatic,
I didn’t know hope or fear...
Who so powerfully tore me away from them?
Who freed you from the burden of desire?
Shameful bargaining with malice for the soul
Became meaningless and meaningless to me,
For all the worries I died without a trace
And came to life again in the consciousness of being...
Then a breath rushed through the leaves,
And how I heard the answer:
Problems are the same old solution
In the mysterious you see half asleep!
That is an agreement between creativity and peace,
Those thoughts are ardent in spiritual silence...
Seize the moment while you are sensitive to it, -
The gap between sleep and wakefulness is short!
Student Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy died on September 28 (old style) 1875 in Krasny Rog, in the “hunting castle”, in his study, at his desk, having taken a large dose of morphine, with which he relieved unbearable neuralgic pain. He was buried near the village church in front of a huge crowd of ordinary people. There were many flowers and wreaths and hot, sincere tears of people who knew and loved him. Matching the laurel wreath was a letter from I.S. Turgenev to the editor of the journal “Bulletin of Europe” M.M. Stasyulevich, sent from France: “Dearest Mikhail Matveevich, on the evening of the third day I received your telegram: it filled my heart with sorrow. I knew and before that Tolstoy was not destined to live long on earth: not more than three months ago his doctor in Carlsbad told me that our poor friend would not survive even a year; but it is difficult to come to terms with even an expected loss, especially the loss of such a person as was Tolstoy."
Among the lines characterizing Alexei Konstantinovich, Turgenev has the following: “He left as a legacy to his compatriots wonderful examples of dramas, novels, lyric poems, which - for many years it would be a shame for every educated Russian not to know; he was the creator of a new literary kind among us - historical ballads, legends; in this field he has no rivals - and in the last of them, published in the October issue of Vestnik Evropy (on the day of the news of his death!), he achieves almost Dantean imagery and power. Finally - and as if to confirm what was said above about the versatility of his talent, who doesn’t know that in his strictly ideal and harmonious nature a stream of genuine humor flowed with a fresh spring - and that Count A.K. Tolstoy, the author of “The Death of Ivan the Terrible” and “Prince of Silver” ", was at the same time one of the creators of the immortal "Kozma Prutkov"?
Turgenev highly valued A.K. Tolstoy as a person. “Everyone who knew him,” he wrote, “knows well what kind of soul he was, honest, truthful, accessible to all good feelings, ready to make sacrifices, devoted to the point of tenderness, invariably faithful and straightforward. “Knightly nature” is an expression almost inevitable came to everyone’s lips at the mere thought of Tolstoy... A humane nature, deeply humane! - that’s what Tolstoy was - and like any true poet, whose life steadily flows into his work, this humane nature of Tolstoy shines through and breathes in everything he wrote ".
Student Being terminally ill, feeling that his days were already numbered, he continued to work and lived by literature. On May 5, 1875, he wrote to his friend Sayn-Wittgenstein: “...to hell with health, as long as there is art, because there is no other thing worth living for except art!” And he worked until his last days. In May, he finished the anti-militarist poem “Dragon” and continued preparing his “Hunting Memoirs” for publication, which, unfortunately, did not see the light of day after the author’s death.
When the 150th anniversary of Tolstoy's birth was celebrated in 1967, a memorial museum of the poet was opened in Krasny Rog, where photographs, his personal belongings and books remind him that he is alive. Thousands and thousands of people come to bow to him every year to honor his memory. A writer is alive as long as he is read and remembered. Tolstoy is more famous and popular among us now than during his lifetime. This is really destiny outstanding people who have outlived their time.
Student The poem “My bells...” sounds.
My bells
Steppe flowers!
Why are you looking at me?
Dark blue?
And what are you calling about?
On a spring day in May,
Among the uncut grass
Shaking your head?
The horse carries me like an arrow
On an open field;
He tramples you under him,
Beats with his hoof
My bells
Steppe flowers!
Don't curse me
Dark blue!
I would be glad not to trample you,
Glad to rush past
But the bridle cannot hold
Running indomitable!
I'm flying, I'm flying like an arrow,
I just kick up dust;
The horse carries me dashingly, -
I don’t know where!
He is a learned rider
Not brought up in the hall,
He is familiar with snowstorms,
He grew up in an open field;
And it doesn't shine like fire
Your saddle cloth is patterned,
My horse, horse, Slavic horse,
Wild, rebellious!
Conclusion
Leading Love for our native land begins with love for the world that surrounds us in childhood, and for our native fields and forests, villages and cities, for those trees that grow near our house. Tolstoy's descriptions of nature return us to a world full of love, selfless and holy, and enchantment with the beauty of this world. And it becomes easier for us on the way when Tolstoy walks next to us, the nature he glorifies, the consciousness that man’s desire to create beauty, to make the world better and more perfect, is irresistible.
Tolstoy's Red Horn
I enter as if into a temple of sunlight,
Censer smoke smokes along the roads.
And a horn blowing somewhere calls upward.
Spring, spring over this entire earth!
An ancient light sparkles in the dew of dawn.
Before the altar with birch leaves
The poet left his memorable mark.
Here are the echoes of the park of the old palace
The solemnity of the old mansions.
Here the earthly gods went to their execution,
The judgments of history cannot be overcome.
The poet endured a lot of troubles and grief,
But he didn’t tell anyone about it.
Your "love as wide as the sea"
He gave these orphan fields.
That's why the words of hello grow
When you come to the sacred Red Horn,
And to the monument to the humble poet
A wreath of gratitude is laid down.
Students reading their poems.
Leading I hope our meeting left a mark on your soul. Maybe you have a desire to open a volume of poems by Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy.
We would like you to reflect your impressions in the questionnaire, which you will receive now, and bring the results tomorrow. I will ask three students to write a short review about today's literary lounge.
Questionnaire
1) What information from the biography of Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy did you learn today?
2) What role did Red Horn play in the life and work of Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy?
3)Which of the speakers, in your opinion, read A.K. Tolstoy’s poem with the greatest expressiveness?
4)Are you satisfied with your performance?
5) Which writer would you like to see in the next literary lounge?
List of used literature
1. Tolstoy A.K. Collection. cit.: In 4 vols. M., 1980.
2. Tolstoy A.K. Works: In 2 vols. L., 1981.
3. Tolstoy A.K. Complete. collection poems: In 2 vols. L., 1984.
4. Zhukov D. A. Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy. M., 1982. (ZhZL).
5. Stafeev G.I. The heart is full of inspiration: The life and work of A.K. Tolstoy. Tula, 1973.
6. Kolosova N. P. A. K. Tolstoy. M., 1984.
7. Klyuev V.S. “His verb is unhypocritical...” // Russian speech. 1975. No. 5.
8. Etkind E. G. “Against the Current”: On the patriotism of A. K. Tolstoy // Zvezda. 1991. No. 4.
