All public schools in our country teach children educational and methodological programs, which must comply with Federal State Educational Standards - Federal State Educational Standards. However, their very content, as well as teaching methods, may differ significantly. "Littlevan" tried to figure out how the formation of certain educational programs for primary classes, which of them are officially approved for use, and how they differ from each other.
Curricula: general provisions
Many parents of future first-graders are concerned about the question of what program their children will study in, and whether they can somehow influence its choice. According to current legislation and educational standards, each school has the right to create its own. However, it can only be based educational literature, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation dated March 31, 2014 No. 253 (with subsequent amendments, the last one dated April 21, 2016) “On approval federal list textbooks recommended for use when implementing state accreditation educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education" The so-called “federal list” is not a disparate set of textbooks, but several completed subject lines, which, in turn, are an integral part of certain programs - educational and methodological complexes (UMK). Each of them has its own principles and characteristics. The educational complex is created by one team of authors with a specific scientific supervisor.
Thus, a parent can choose a specific curriculum only indirectly - by finding out in advance which school teaches using the textbooks of the educational institution they like, and, if possible, by enrolling their child there (we wrote about the rules for admission to 1st grade here and here). Some schools, in which parallel classes teach different teaching materials, test children to determine the program that is more suitable for them.
What teaching methods are allowed today?
Today, the federal list includes textbooks that are included in the following educational and methodological complexes:
- "Russian School"
- "RHYTHM",
- "Perspective"
- "Elementary School XXI century»,
- "Promising Primary School"
- "Planet of Knowledge"
- System of D. B. Elkonin - V. V. Davydov,
- "Elementary innovative school."
The list must be updated once every three years or more often. Thus, since 2014, including on the basis of negative expert opinions, textbooks that were previously distributed in many UMC schools: “School 2000”, “School 2100”, “Dialogue”, “Harmony”. And in the developmental education system of L.V. Zankov, only manuals on fine arts are now recommended!
However, it is worth keeping in mind that all books and notebooks that are no longer included in the federal list can be used for training for another 5 years after the relevant acts enter into force. In addition, over time, some completed subject lines of textbooks within the framework of one educational textbook may be excluded and replaced in the list of recommended ones with new ones (a corresponding order is issued by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation).
One more nuance. The teachers themselves primary school have the legal right to choose which textbooks to build on educational process(and follow this choice for all 4 years of study). However, they do not necessarily relate to one specific educational system. The main thing, we repeat, is that all textbooks are listed on the federal list.
Peculiarities
This project of the publishing house "Prosveshcheniye" on this moment, perhaps the most common textbook system in Russian schools. The teaching and learning center has existed since 2001 and has been updated and supplemented more than once since then. Its peculiarity is its focus on the formation of universal educational activities The child has. As advantages of the “Russian School”, parents on Littleone.ru note the simplicity, consistency and “clarity” of the presentation of the material (the presence of rules, algorithms for solving problems), as well as the fact that it is most similar to how they were taught in “Soviet childhood” . At the same time, the simplicity of the program, when compared with other educational systems, is also considered one of its disadvantages. Some also note with a minus sign that during training little imagination and personal logical thinking. About authors and textbooks.
Reviews from forum members about the educational complex. , , , , , , , , , .
“RHYTHM” stands for “Development. Individuality. Creation. Thinking”, which very clearly defines the peculiarity of this educational complex. The program integrates all primary school subjects and is based on the principles of revealing the individuality of each student, instilling in him the ability to think creatively and independently. Its basis is a revised, supplemented and brought into conformity with the Federal State Educational Standard of Educational Instructions “Classical Primary School” (previously very common, now its textbooks are excluded from the list of recommended ones). This teaching aid is quite rare in elementary schools now; there are few reviews on it. The textbooks are published by the Drofa publishing house. About authors and textbooks.
Reviews from forum members about the educational complex. , , , , .
Another set of textbooks published by Prosveshchenie. Since 2010, the scientific director of this teaching and learning center has been Lyudmila Georgievna Peterson, laureate of the Russian Presidential Prize in the field of education. In contrast to “Schools 2000”, which was excluded from the federal list, this educational complex, with some similar principles, evokes greater sympathy from parents. It is based on the idea that the teacher only pushes towards knowledge; the child must “discover” it himself. At the same time, some say that the program is difficult for average children and is largely designed for intuitive understanding and independent extracurricular work. Other parents, on the contrary, consider its complexity and focus on cognitive activity and is recommended for children with a mathematical mind. About authors and textbooks.
Reviews from forum members about the educational complex. , , , , , , .
According to the methodology of this educational complex, each child acts as a researcher and is an equal subject of the learning process (and not “listened-remembered-repeat”). The program includes many tasks for imagination and ingenuity. The textbook system is published by the VENTANA-GRAF publishing center. It is part of the educational system “Algorithm of Success”. Parents of children enrolled in the program note its confusion and inconsistent presentation of material as disadvantages. Others consider the long period of adaptation of the child to school as a plus, in contrast to “ Soviet school”, a strong philological component and call the educational complex “quite adequate and interesting”. Most people agree that it will be easier for those children who entered 1st grade to learn how to read, but who do not know how to write. About authors and textbooks.
Reviews from forum members about the educational complex. ,
Educational and methodological complex “School of Russia” (edited by A. Pleshakov) Publishing house “Prosveshchenie”. Website:
The traditional School of Russia program has existed for decades. The author himself emphasizes that this kit was created in Russia and for Russia. The main goal of the program is “to develop a child’s interest in learning about his country and its spiritual greatness, its significance on a global scale.” The traditional program allows you to thoroughly develop the academic skills (reading, writing, counting) that are necessary for successful learning in secondary school.
System of textbooks “School of Russia”: 1. ABC - V.G. Goretsky, V.A. Kiryushkin, L.A. Vinogradskaya, etc. 2. Russian language - V.P. Kanakina, V.G. Goretsky. 3. Russian language – L.M. Zelenina and others 4. Literary reading - L.F. Klimanova, V.G. Goretsky, M.V. Golovanova and others 5. English language- V.P. Kuzovlev, E.Sh. Peregudova, S.A. Pastukhova and others 6. English language (extended content of teaching a foreign language) - I.N. Vereshchagina, K.A. Bondarenko, T.A. Pritykina. 7. German-.I.L.Bim, L.I.Ryzhova, L.M.Fomicheva. 8. French- A.S. Kuligina, M.G. Kiryanova. 9. Spanish- A.A. Voinova, Yu.A. Bukharova, K.V.Moreno. 10. Mathematics - M.I.Moro, S.V. Stepanova, S.I. Volkova. 11. Computer Science - A.L. Semenov, T.A. Rudnichenko. 12. The world- A.A. Pleshakov and others 13. Fundamentals of spiritual and moral cultures of the peoples of Russia - A.V. Kuraev, D.I. Latyshina, M.F. Murtazin and others 14. Music - E.D. Kritskaya, G.P. Sergeeva, T.S. Shmagina. 15. art- L.A. Nemenskaya, E.I. Koroteeva, N.A. Goryaeva. 16. Technology - N.I. Rogovtseva, N.V. Bogdanova and others 17. Physical Culture- V.I. Lyakh.
Educational and methodological complex “Perspective” (edited by L.F. Klimanova) Publishing house “Prosveshchenie”. Website:
The educational and methodological complex “Perspective” has been produced since 2006. The educational complex includes lines of textbooks in the following subjects: “Teaching literacy”, “Russian language”, “Literary reading”, “Mathematics”, “The world around us”, “Technology”. The educational and methodological complex “Perspective” was created on a conceptual basis that reflects modern achievements in the field of psychology and pedagogy, while maintaining a close connection with the best traditions of classical Russian school education.
The educational complex ensures the availability of knowledge and high-quality assimilation of program material, the comprehensive development of the personality of a primary school student, taking into account his age characteristics, interests and needs. A special place in the educational complex “Perspective” is given to the formation of spiritual and moral values, acquaintance with the cultural and historical heritage of the world and Russia, with the traditions and customs of the peoples inhabiting the Russian Federation. The textbooks include tasks for independent, pair and group work, project activities, as well as materials that can be used in extracurricular and extracurricular activities.
The “Perspective” educational complex includes: Textbooks on subjects (grades 1-4) Workbooks Creative notebooks Didactic materials for the student: “Reader”, “Magic power of words”, “Mathematics and computer science”, “Fundamentals of life safety”. Methodological manuals for teachers: lesson developments in subjects, additional educational materials, calendar and thematic planning, technological maps. Calendar-thematic planning and technological maps, providing the teacher with effective and high-quality teaching by moving from lesson planning to designing the study of the topic, are posted on the pages of the Internet site of the educational educational complex “Perspective”.
Textbooks included in the educational complex “Perspective”: 1. ABC - L.F. Klimanova, S.G.Makeeva. 2. Russian language - L. F. Klimanova, S. G. Makeeva. 3. Literary reading – L.F. Klimanova, L.A. Vinogradskaya, V.G. Goretsky. 4. Mathematics – G.V. Dorofeev, T.N. Mirakova. 5. The world around us – A.A. Pleshakov, M.Yu. Novitskaya. 6. Technology – N.I. Rogovtseva, N.V. Bogdanova, N.V. Dobromyslova
Educational and methodological complex “School 2000...” ( scientific adviser– L.G. Peterson) Yuventa Publishing House Website:
The didactic system of the activity method “School 2000...” offers solutions to current educational problems in the system continuing education(preschool educational institution – school – university). It is based on a continuous course of mathematics for preschoolers, primary and high school, focused on the development of children’s thinking, creative powers, their interest in mathematics, the formation of strong mathematical knowledge and skills, and readiness for self-development. The “Learn to Learn” program takes into account the possibility of working under this program in conditions various options curriculum OU (4 hours or 5 hours per week).
The main goal The program “School 2000...” is the comprehensive development of the child, the formation of his abilities for self-change and self-development, a picture of the world and moral qualities that create conditions for successful entry into culture and the creative life of society, self-determination and self-realization of the individual.
Teaching materials in mathematics for primary school of the program “Learning to Learn” (“School 2000...”) 1. Mathematics - L.G. Peterson Textbooks are equipped with teaching aids, teaching materials and a computer program for monitoring progress. Additional literature 2. Peterson L.G., Kubysheva M.A., Mazurina S.E. What does it mean to be able to learn. Educational and methodological manual.- M.: UMC “School 2000...”, Peterson L.G. Activity-based teaching method: educational system “School 2000...” // Construction of a continuous sphere of education. - M.: APK and PPRO, UMC “School 2000...”, 2007.
Educational and methodological complex “School 2100” (scientific supervisor - L.G. Peterson) Publishing house “Balass” Website:
In the process of teaching the educational curriculum in accordance with the activity approach, the task of forming a functionally literate personality is realized. Characteristic feature this educational program is the minimax principle. He assumes that the authors of textbooks and the teacher give the student the opportunity (if he wants) to take the material to the maximum. The textbooks contain abundant information for this purpose, allowing the student to make personal choices. At the same time, the most important facts, concepts and connections included in the minimum content (Federal State Educational Standards and program requirements) must be mastered by every student. The minimum is presented to the student during lessons for discovering new knowledge, reinforced and submitted for control. The maximum allows the student to satisfy his own personal needs and interests. This way, each child has the opportunity to take as much as he can.
List of textbooks of educational educational complex “School 2100” 1. Primer - R.N. Buneev, E.V. Buneeva, O.V. Pronina. 2. Russian language - R.N. Buneev, E.V. Buneeva, O.V. Pronina. 3. Literary reading - R.N. Buneev, E.V. Buneeva. 4. English language – M.Z. Biboletova and others 5. Mathematics – T.E. Demidova, S.A. Kozlova, A.P. Thin. 6. The world around us – A.A. Vakhrushev, O.B. Bursky, A.S. Rautin. 7. Fine arts – O.A. Kurevina, E.D. Kovalevskaya. 8. Music – L.V. Shkolyar, V.O. Usacheva. 9. Technology – O.A. Kurevina, E.L. Lutseva 10. Physical culture – B.B. Egorov, Yu.E. Replanting.
Educational and methodological complex “Prospective Primary School” (scientific supervisor - N.A. Churakova) Publishing house “Akademkniga/textbook” Website:
The concept of teaching learning is based on the humanistic belief that all children are capable of learning successfully if they are created for them. the necessary conditions. Taking into account the age of students makes the learning process successful. All textbooks in the set provide teachers with opportunities to implement the regional component.
List of textbooks UMK “Prospective Primary School” 1. ABC - N.G. Agarkova, Yu.A. Agarkov 2. Russian language – Kalenchuk M.L., Churakova N.A., Baykova T.A., Malakhovskaya O.V., Erysheva E.R. 3. Literary reading – Churakova N.A., Malakhovskaya O.V. 4. Mathematics – A.L. Chekin, O.A. Zakharova, E.P. Yudina. 5. The world around us – O.N. Fedotova, G.V. Trafimova, S.A. Trafimov, L.A. Tsareva, L.G. Kudrova. 6. Computer science – E.N. Benenson, A.G. Pautova. 7. Technology – T.M. Ragozina, A.A. Grineva. Additional literature 1) Churakova R.G. Technology and aspect analysis of a modern lesson Churakova N.A., Malakhovskaya O.V. A museum in your classroom.
Educational and methodological complex “Development. Individuality. Creation. Thinking" (RHYTHM) (Training Educational Complex "Classical Primary School") Publishing House "Drofa" Website:
“Classical primary school”, the main feature of which is the combination of modern approaches to solving methodological problems and practice-tested principles of didactics, which allows schoolchildren to achieve consistently high educational results. Educational and methodological complex “Development. Individuality. Creation. Thinking" (RITHM) has been revised in accordance with the Federal State Standard and supplemented with new textbooks ( foreign language, environment, physical education). The educational complex includes programs, methodological manuals, workbooks. Study lines in basic subjects are provided with didactic materials, tests and sets of visual aids. All components of teaching materials integrated into a single methodological system, have a modern layout, extensive methodological apparatus, and professionally executed illustrations.
UMK "Development. Individuality. Creativity, Thinking" (RITM) is aimed at achieving educational results defined by the Federal State Standard and implementing the "Concept of spiritual and moral development and education of a Russian citizen." Textbooks included in the educational complex “Classical Primary School”: 1. ABC - O.V. Dzhezheley. 2. Russian language – T.G. Ramzaeva. 3. Literary reading. – O.V. Dzhezheley. 4. English – V.V. Buzhinsky, S.V. Pavlova, R.A. Starikov. 5. German language – N.D. Galsakova, N.I. Guez. 6. Mathematics – E.I.Alexandrova. 7. The world around us - E.V. Saplina, A.I. Saplin, V.I. Sivoglazov. 8. Fine arts – V.S. Kuzin, E.I. Kubyshkina. 9. Technology. – N.A. Malysheva, O.N. Maslenikova. 10. Music – V.V. Aleev, T.N. Kichak. 11. Physical culture – G.I. Pogadaev.
Educational and methodological complex "Primary school of the XXI century" (scientific supervisor - N.F. Vinogradova) Publishing house "Ventana - Graf" Website:
The kit is based on the theory of activity of A.N. Leontyeva, D.B. Elkonin and V.V. Davydova. The general goal of education is the formation of activities leading to this age. The goal of primary school teachers is not just to teach the student, but to teach him to teach himself, i.e. educational activities; The goal of the student is to master the ability to learn. Academic subjects and their content act as a means to achieve this goal.
The leading characteristics of a primary school graduate are his ability to think independently and analyze any issue; the ability to construct statements, put forward hypotheses, defend the chosen point of view; the presence of ideas about one’s own knowledge and ignorance on the issue under discussion. Hence, there are two methodological features of the teaching and learning complex. Thus, working with the educational and methodological set “Primary School of the 21st Century”, the student masters a fundamentally different role - “researcher”. This position determines his interest in the process of cognition. As well as increasing attention to the creative activity of students, based on the initiative and independence of each student. List of textbooks UMK “Primary school of the XXI century” 1. Primer – L.E. Zhurova. 2. Russian language – S.V. Ivanov, A.O. Evdokimova, M.I. Kuznetsova. 3. Literary reading – L.A. Efrosinina. 4. English language – teaching and learning complex “FORWARD”, M.V. Verbitskaya, O.V. Oralova, B. Ebbs, E. Worell, E. Ward. 5. Mathematics – E.E.Kochurina, V.N.Rudnitskaya, O.A.Rydze. 6. The world around us – N.F. Vinogradova. 7. Music – O.V. Usacheva, L.V. Schoolboy. 8. Fine arts – L.G. Savenkova, E.A. Ermolinskaya 9. Technology – E.A. Lutseva. 10. Fundamentals of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia (4th grade) - N.F. Vinogradova, V.I. Vlasenko, A.V. Polyakov.
Educational and methodological complex "Planet of Knowledge" (scientific supervisor - I.A. Petrova) Publishing House "Astrel" Website: (scientific supervisor - I.A. Petrova) Publishing House "Astrel" Website:
Content educational subjects Educational training is focused on stimulating and supporting emotional, spiritual, moral and intellectual development and self-development of the child; to create conditions for the manifestation of independence, initiative, creativity child in various types activities. At the same time, the importance of children’s assimilation of knowledge and mastery of skills as means of development remains, but they are not considered as an end in themselves primary education. In the subjects of teaching and learning, the humanitarian orientation and its influence on the emotional and social-personal development of the child are strengthened. The educational complex contains content that helps the child retain and recreate the integrity of the picture of the world, ensures his awareness of the various connections between objects and phenomena and, at the same time, develops the ability to see the same object from different sides. The main feature of this set is its integrity: the unity of the structure of textbooks and workbooks for all grades and subjects; unity of end-to-end lines of standard tasks, unity of approaches to organizing educational activities.
The UMK includes: 1. Primer - author T.M. Andrianova. 2. Russian language - author T.M. Andrianova, V.A. Ilyukhina. 3. Literary reading - E.E. Katz 4. English language - N.Yu. Goryacheva, S.V. Larkina, E.V. Nasonovskaya. 5. Mathematics – M.I. Bashmakov, M.G. Nefedova. 6. The world around us – G.G.Ivchenkova, I.V. Potapova, A.I. Saplin, E.V. Saplina. 7. Music – T.I. Balanova.
Educational and methodological set “Harmony” (scientific supervisor - N.B. Istomina) Publishing house “Association of the XXI Century”. Website:
The course is based on a methodological concept of purposeful and systematic work on developing mental activity techniques in younger schoolchildren: analysis and synthesis, comparison, classification, analogy and generalization in the process of mastering the mathematical content provided for by the program.
The UMK includes: 1. Primer - author M.S. Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko, N.M. Betenkova, O.E. Kurlygina. 2. Russian language - author M.S. Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko. 3. Literary reading - author O.V. Kubasova. 4. Mathematics - author N.B. Istomina. 5. The world around us - author O.V. Poglazova, N.I. Vorozheikina, V.D. Shilin. 6. Technology - author N.M. Konysheva. 7. Fine arts – (Yakhont publishing house), author: T.A. Koptseva, V.P. Koptsev, E.V.Koptsev. 8. Music – (Yakhont publishing house), author: M.S. Krasilnikova, O.N. Yashmolkina, O.I. Nekhaeva. 9. Physical culture - (Yakhont publishing house), author: R.I. Tarnopolskaya, B.I. Mishina.
The system of educational and methodological kits “Primary Innovative School” was created in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of the second generation, distinctive feature which is the consistency of the requirements for the results of mastering the main educational program of the educational institution, for its structure and for the conditions of implementation.
List of textbooks of educational educational complex “Primary Innovative School” 1. Literary reading – G.S. Merkin, B.G. Merkin, S.A. Bolotova. 2. Mathematics – B.P. Geidman, I.E. Misharina, E.A. Zvereva. 3. The world around us – V.A. Samkova, N.I. Samkova. 4. English – Yu.A. Komarova, I.V. Larionova, J. Perret. 5. Physical culture – V.Ya. Baryshnikov, A.I. Belousov. 6. Fundamentals of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia. Fundamentals of religious cultures of the peoples of Russia. – under the general editorship of corresponding member. RAS A.N. Sakharov. 7. Fundamentals of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia. Fundamentals of secular ethics – M.T. Studenikin.
Developmental system L.V. Zankova (scientific supervisor - N.V. Nechaeva) Publishing house "Fyodorov Publishing House". Website:
The general goal of the II Generation Standard coincides with the goal of L.V.’s developmental education system. Zankov, formulated as “achieving optimal overall development of each child.” This coincidence of goals is explained by the fact that new Standard, and the developmental education system of L.V. Zankov have in common psychological-pedagogical the basis, which is, first of all, the theory of L.S. Vygotsky, including the idea that learning leads to development and should not be carried out at the level current development, but in the student’s zone of proximal development. Programs and educational and methodological kits developed on the methodological foundations of the L.V. system. Zankov, fully correspond to the planned educational results, designated in the Federal State Educational Standard.
The leading concept for the system of developmental education is L.V. Zankova is integrity. The integrity of educational kits is achieved by the fact that all subject lines are developed on the basis of uniform didactic principles (training in high level difficulties in complying with the measure of difficulty; leading role theoretical knowledge; awareness of the learning process; fast pace of passage of program material; work on the development of each child, including the weak) and common typical properties of the methodological system (versatility, procedurality, collisions, variability), ensuring that students achieve the required level of mastery of educational content. Pedagogical system L.V. Zankova ensures the achievement of planned results through special selection and structuring of the content of educational subjects, which creates conditions for the implementation of a systemic activity approach and individualization of training.
List of textbooks of the L.V. system Zankova 1. ABC - N.V. Nechaeva, K.S. Belarusian. 2. Russian language – N.V. Nechaeva. 3. Russian language – A.V. Polyakova 4. Literary reading – V.Yu. Sviridova. 5. Literary reading – V.A. Lazarev. 6. Mathematics - Arginskaya I.I., E.P. Benenson, L.S. Itina, etc. 7. The world around us - N.Ya. Dmitrieva, A.N. Kazakova. 8. Technology – N.A. Tsirulik, T.N. Prosnyakova. 9. Music – G.S. Rigina 10. Physical culture - V.N.Shaulin. Additional reading 1. Implementation of new educational standard: potential of the L.V. system Zankova / A.G. Vantsyan, N.V. Nechaeva, E.N. Petrova, A.Yu. Plotnikova, S.V. Yakovleva. 2. Eremeeva V.D. Boys and girls. Teach in different ways, love in different ways. Neuropedagogy. 3. Eremeeva V.D. Cultivating tolerance. Collection of articles for teachers, school psychologists and parents. 4. Savenkov A.I. Methods of research teaching of junior schoolchildren: method manual. 5. Golub G.B., Perelygina E.A., Churakova O.V. Project method - technology of competency-based education: method manual. 6. Sokolova T.E. Information culture of a primary school student as pedagogical problem: educational and methodological manual. Issue 1 List of textbooks included in the D.B. system. Elkonina-V.V. Davydova: 1. Primer - D.B. Elkonin. 2. Russian language – V.V. Repkin and others 3. Russian language – S.V. Lomakovich, L.I. Timchenko. 4. Literary reading – G.N. Kudina, Z.N. Novlyanskaya. 5. Literary reading – E.I. Matveeva. 6. Mathematics – V.V. Davydova, S.F. Gorbov, G.G. Mikulina. 7. The world around us – E.V. Chudina, E.N. Bukvareva. 8. Fine arts and artistic work – Yu.A. Poulyanov Additional literature 1. Implementation of new educational standards in primary schools using the D.B. system. Elkonina - V.V. Davydov // ed. A.B. Vorontsova. Manual for 1st grade teachers. - M., OIRO, p. 2. Matveeva E.I. Literary reading. 1-4 grades. We teach younger schoolchildren to understand artistic text. M.: Eksmo, p. 3. Matveeva E.I. Literary reading. 1-4 grades. We teach junior schoolchildren to write essays of different genres. M.: Eksmo, p. 4. Matveeva E.I., Pankova O.B., Patrikeeva I.E. An activity-based approach to literary reading lessons in the context of the transition to new educational standards. - M.: Moscow Center for Quality Education, p. 5. Matveeva E.I., Pankova O.B., Patrikeeva I.E. Formation of a system of criterion-based assessment in elementary school. - M.: Moscow Center for Quality of Education, p.
First of all, when choosing a school, parents of a future first-grader need to understand modern educational programs for primary grades. Unlike Soviet times, when everyone studied from the same textbooks, now teachers and parents have a choice in exactly how the child will receive all the necessary knowledge. And this will depend on the educational system in which the student will study in primary school. Having a choice is always nice, but it is this variety of educational systems that often leaves us perplexed. What to choose when there are sure to be several schools near your home that teach children different systems? Even within the same school, primary school teachers themselves choose which program to work on, and children from parallel classes can study using different educational and methodological complexes. Currently, there are simultaneously several educational systems that meet the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standards (Federal State Educational Standards). Each of them has its own characteristics, but in general the systems are divided into traditional and developmental. Most schools choose traditional education programs, such as "School of Russia", "Primary School of the XXI Century", "School 2010", "Harmony", "Prospective Primary School", "Classical Primary School", "Planet of Knowledge", "Perspective" . But be prepared for the fact that your child may be offered to study under the developmental programs of L.V. Zankov or D.B. Elkonin - V.V. Davydov. Of course, one should not think that traditional programs do not deal with the development of students; this name is rather conditional. IN general outline, we can say that these types of systems differ in approach: traditional programs offer an explanatory and illustrative approach to teaching a child, developmental ones offer an active one. All of the programs mentioned above are focused on a single educational standard, however, each system has its own way of presenting information and priorities. In addition to the general concept, they differ in the curriculum itself, the degree of workload of the child, the involvement of the parent in the learning process, and also the overall complexity. Each system offers its own educational and methodological complex, in other words, sets of textbooks, workbooks and didactic materials in all subjects. The most popular among schools are such educational and methodological complexes as “School of Russia”, “Perspective”, “School 2100”, “Planet of Knowledge” and “Harmony”. "School of Russia" is considered a classic program. In fact, this is the same system that, with minor changes, was taught in Soviet times. It is designed for average level, so that every child can easily master such a program. Mathematics develops computational skills, logic and thinking in equal proportions, the Russian language is taught in a standard way: development is balanced oral and written speech and competent writing skills. In this case, we can especially highlight the study of “The World Around us” using the textbooks of A. A. Pleshakov. The advantage of the course is that mastering the surrounding world is positioned as a project that the child implements together with his parents. Another educational and methodological complex that is especially popular is “Perspective”. This program is most suitable for children with a mathematical mind. This teaching aid is quite complex and will require parents to actively participate in the child’s education. The main advantage of "Perspective" can be called mathematics lessons, which are based on educational materials by L. G. Peterson. Mathematics is given with elements of geometry and algebra, which allows the child to smoothly transition to secondary school. The educational complex "School 2100" is built on the minimax principle, that is, within one curriculum Children will be able to learn at different levels of difficulty. All educational materials contain maximum additional information, which the child will be able to learn in response to such a need. This program allows the teacher to adjust the level of difficulty of presenting material and apply an individual approach to teaching without switching to another teaching aid. The Planet of Knowledge program is considered quite complex, since it was originally developed and used in pre-gymnasium classes, but it is also very popular among teachers and parents. The main advantage of this teaching aid is its focus on the child’s self-development. His ability to reason is actively stimulated, whether by emphasizing logic when studying mathematics or literary reading, which presupposes the emergence of a dialogue between a child and an adult. Just like in "School 2100" teaching aids"Planets of Knowledge" contains multi-level tasks: from basic to creative and exploratory. The main principle of the educational complex "Harmony" is comfortable learning at the intersection of traditional and developmental teaching methods. Children initially develop skills of analysis, classification, comparison and generalization. During the lessons, many problematic developmental tasks are given that form in schoolchildren the ability to think and the ability to independently draw conclusions. One of the main advantages of the program is targeted preparation for a smooth transition from primary to secondary school. Understand the clear difference between one educational system from the other you can by studying the teaching materials offered by the program in the “School Guru” section. Here you can make a selection of products by educational program, by subject, type of educational material (textbooks, workbooks, visual aids) or by grade; collect the necessary set of literature when the issue of choosing an educational system has already been resolved. It must be kept in mind that everything UMK programs are regularly revised taking into account current trends, so even if you are not sending your first child to school, keep in mind that in a couple of years the author composition of the textbooks or the overall teaching concept may have changed. The educational materials themselves can change significantly, so, as a rule, there is a need to buy all the materials of the educational complex for the class from scratch. A teacher who is currently working on the program will be able to tell you with confidence exactly what the educational curriculum looks like at the moment and what textbooks and workbooks you need to purchase for your child.
Educational and methodological complex and its components
Educational and methodological complex (UMK) is a set of systematized materials necessary for the implementation of the educational process, ensuring the success of students in cognitive, creative, communicative and other types of activities.
The educational and methodological complex should be considered as a system, the parts of which are interconnected.
Thus, teaching materials are a system, all components of which form a single whole and interact to achieve the goal of the educational program.
The entire set of components of the educational system can be divided into four components:
1. Educational program as a key document on the basis of which the teaching and learning system is developed.
2. Educational and methodological aids for teachers and students. The implementation of an additional educational program is impossible without the use of handouts, didactic, information and reference materials, thematic teaching aids, lesson notes, scientific, special and methodological literature, problems and tasks solved according to the model, tasks and tasks of a creative nature, etc.
All of the following materials can be recorded:
on modern storage media (magnetic and laser disks, videotapes, etc.;
on traditional (printed materials).
3. System of teaching aids. This component consists of manuals aimed at supporting the development of the content of an additional educational program. Tools designed to support the study of theoretical material can be roughly divided into traditional and modern.
Traditional materials include printed aids - tables, posters, paintings, photographs, as well as handouts - flashcards, filmstrips, films, sound recordings.
Modern ones include videos, multimedia materials, and computer software.
4. System of funds scientific organization labor of the teacher and students, can be presented in the form of materials in the following areas:
materials on individual support for the development of students (methods of psychological and pedagogical personality diagnostics, reminders for children and parents);
materials on working with children's groups (methods of pedagogical diagnostics of groups, gaming techniques, scenarios of collective events and affairs).
Designing a teaching aid is a labor-intensive and creative task that takes quite a lot of time.
At the first stage development of teaching materials, the teacher analyzes the specific tasks of training, education and development of students, the nature and volume of information to be assimilated, the initial level of training of students. It is also important to analyze the content of the educational material, divide it into logical portions (information components) and justify the development logic for each component of the corresponding methodology.
At the second stage The teacher begins to develop and create methodological recommendations, a selection of materials on individual support for the development of students, the development of questionnaires, questionnaires, memos for students and parents, the development of scenarios for public events and activities, and game techniques.
At the third stage To improve and develop teaching materials, the teacher creates educational and methodological aids, a package of materials that provide individual support to the student in mastering the educational program, his social and professional determination.
Each teacher has the right to approach the compilation of teaching materials creatively, to develop its content at his own discretion, in accordance with the level of training of students and their educational needs.
The educational complex can be developed by an individual teacher or a team of teachers, depending on the specifics of the structural unit (studio, club) and the type of additional educational program. The educational complex is designed to solve a full range of problems that arise within the educational process.
The main conceptual idea of the educational complex “School of Russia”: the Russian school should become a school of spiritual and moral development and education of a citizen of our Fatherland. Its basis is the modern achievements of pedagogical theory and practice and the best traditions of the national school, their exceptional value and significance.
The educational and methodological complex (UMC) for primary grades “School of Russia” is one of the most famous projects of the publishing house “Prosveshchenie” in the country. The School of Russia set has been operating as a single whole since 2001. The team of authors of the program are scientists whose names are known to everyone who works in the primary education system: V.G. Goretsky, M.I. Moreau, A.A. Pleshakov, V.P. Kanakina, L.M. Zelenina, L.F. Klimanova and others. However, the educational textbooks were revised in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard and were again sent for examination. In November 2010, the Prosveshchenie publishing house received positive expert opinions Russian Academy Sciences and the Russian Academy of Education that the “School of Russia” textbook system ensures the achievement of the results of mastering the basic educational program of primary general education and fully complies with the requirements of the federal state educational standard (FSES). All textbooks that make up the completed subject lines of the educational educational complex “School of Russia” received positive assessments from the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Education.
An essential feature of the entire teaching and learning complex “School of Russia” is the focus on developing universal learning activities (ULAs) in students as the basis for learning skills, and on including children in educational activities while studying all school subjects. In the revised textbooks of the School of Russia, special attention is paid to these and other important aspects of primary general education, recorded in the new standard. The main principle of modernizing the textbooks of the educational educational complex “School of Russia” is strengthening the orientation of educational material, methods of its presentation, teaching methods for the maximum inclusion of students in educational activities and the implementation of the ideological basis of the Federal State Educational Standard - the Concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia.
The educational complex “School of Russia” is built on fundamental principles that are common to all academic subjects, has full program and methodological support and guarantees continuity with preschool education. The leading target and the main means of its implementation, which form the basis of the “School of Russia” program, are aimed at ensuring modern education junior schoolchildren in the context of the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard. A powerful educational resource is the information and educational environment (IEE) of the School of Russia, which includes: a concept, work programs, a system of textbooks that make up the core of the IEE and a powerful methodological shell. In addition, the School of Russia program has multi-purpose Internet support.
Fundamental principles of the educational complex “School of Russia”:
The principle of educating a Russian citizen;
The principle of value guidelines;
The principle of eco-adequate nature of education;
The principle of learning by doing;
The principle of working for results;
The principle of synthesis of traditions and innovations;
The principle of global orientation of education;
The principle of variability.
The leading goal of the educational educational complex “School of Russia” is to provide modern education for primary schoolchildren in the context of the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of NEO.
The educational and methodological complex “School of Russia” today is:
Powerful potential for spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a Russian citizen;
A real opportunity to achieve personal, meta-subject and subject results that correspond to the tasks of modern education;
