The biosphere is a global ecosystem. The teachings of V. I. Vernadsky about the biosphere.
1. Give definitions of concepts.
Biosphere - the shell of the Earth, inhabited by living organisms, under their influence and occupied by the products of their vital activity; "film of life"; global ecosystem of the Earth.
Noosphere - the sphere of the mind; the sphere of interaction between society and nature, within the boundaries of which reasonable human activity becomes the determining factor in development.
2. Make a table.
Components of the biosphere (according to V. I. Vernadsky)
3. What are the main features of the biosphere as a global ecosystem?
The biosphere is a giant biogeocenosis, which exists due to the close relationship of all its structural components, is an integral and stable system that has gone through a long path of historical development. The biosphere is the shell of the Earth where life exists or has ever existed, and which is or has been exposed to living organisms. Individual organisms in certain areas form populations, populations of different species are combined into biocenoses. Biocenoses and non-living environmental factors form biogeocenoses or ecosystems. Each ecosystem borders on another ecosystem, there is an exchange of matter and energy. All ecosystems of the Earth are united by the circulation of substances and the flow of energy and form a single global ecosystem, which is called the biosphere.
4. Describe the main vital properties that are manifested at the biospheric level of the organization of life on Earth.
At this level, there is:
the global circulation of substances and the transformation of energy, as well as the interaction of living and non-living matter of the planet (metabolism).
biological cycle. Evolution of the biosphere
1. Define the concepts.
Biological cycle- this is the movement and transformation of chemical elements through inert and organic nature with the active participation of living matter.
Evolution of the biosphere- the process of continuous, simultaneous and interrelated changes: a) the nature of living matter (the emergence, development and extinction of species, the formation and destruction of biotic communities); b) the properties of the biosphere as the shell of the Earth, transformed by this substance, and c) the ecosphere of the planet.
2. Make a diagram of the cycle of any of the following substances: water, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus.
nitrogen cycle
3. Fill in the table.
The main stages of the development of the biosphere
4. What impact does a person have on the biosphere?
Mankind began to create a virtually artificial environment for its habitat. Since then, the evolution of the biosphere has entered a new phase, where human activity has become a powerful natural driving force. Since the development of industry to the present, due to the active use of natural resources and the violation of the balance that has developed in nature, the processes of destruction in the biosphere began to prevail over the processes of creation. The biosphere is on the verge of an ecological crisis. Its consequences can be catastrophic for humanity. The world community is seriously concerned about disturbances in the biosphere, which are caused by ill-conceived human activities. To eliminate them, a number of international agreements have been adopted, which should reduce the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere, protect soil and water bodies from pollution.
