In the name of the Gracious and Merciful Allah!
Peace and blessings be upon His prophet!
Translation of the Qur'an into other languages is, by and large, impossible. The translator, with all his skills, is forced to sacrifice beauty, eloquence, style, conciseness and part of the meaning of the Holy Book. But there was and is a need for understanding the Quran by people who do not speak Arabic, therefore semantic translations appear that, without claiming to reveal the entire beauty of the Quran, give a certain idea of the content of the Book.
18th century
First transfer
In 1716, by decree of Peter I, the first translation of the Koran into Russian was published under the title "Alkoran about Mohammed, or the Turkish Law." Pyotr Postnikov (1666–1703), a diplomat, doctor and polyglot, is considered to be the author of the translation. Postnikov did not know Arabic and was not an orientalist, but his interest in the Koran led to the unofficial title of the first translator of the Koran into Russian. The translation was carried out not from the original, but from the French translation of André du Rieu, who handled the text quite freely. Naturally, the choice of the source called into question the quality of Postnikov's translation. Be that as it may, it was Postnikov's translation that became the first work by which the Russian-speaking population got an idea of the content of the Koran.
Translation of the 1st chapter of the Quran:
In the name of the generous and merciful GOD, and praise be to God the generous and merciful, the king of the day of judgment, for we pray and ask you for help, guide us on the right path, the path that you blessed with those on whom you are not angry, so that we were delivered from your wrath.
About a hundred years ago, a manuscript was discovered in St. Petersburg, dating from the first quarter of the 18th century and entitled “Alkoran or Mohammedan law. translated from Arabic to French through Monsieur du Rie." In total, the manuscript contained a translation of twenty chapters of the Koran. The unknown author, like Postnikov, chose the French translation as his source and, according to the researchers, more accurately adhered to it.
Verevkin's translation
In 1787, during the reign of Catherine II, new translation Koran. The author was Mikhail Verevkin (1732–1795), a professional translator of various texts. On his account, translations of French and German books on maritime affairs, work on comparing the Russian translation of the Bible with French, German and Latin, books on agriculture, etc. Among his translations are works on Islam. Verevkin looked at the Koran much more favorably than his fellow believers-contemporaries. He openly resented the bias of European Orientalists towards Islam, saying that they "... they do not deserve respect, for everything they narrate is mixed with coarse fables". However, like previous translators, he took as a basis the French work of André du Rieu. One of the readers of his translation was Pushkin.
Translation of the beginning of the 14th chapter:
I am a merciful God. I am sending down to you, Mohammed, this book, so that you lead the people from darkness to light ...
two-volume late XVIII century
In 1792, the most detailed translation at that time was published in St. Petersburg under the title “Al Koran Magomedov, translated from Arabic into English, with explanatory and historical notes added to each chapter in all dark places, selected from the most reliable historians and Arabic interpreters Al Quran by George Salem. The difference from earlier works was that it was based not on the French translation of du Rie, but English work George Sale, which is considered more complete due to the presence of explanations to the text. The published translation showed a biased attitude towards Islam. The author was Alexei Kolmakov (d. 1804), a translator who specialized in texts of a technical nature and had nothing to do with oriental studies. He became the first translator to provide the Russian text with detailed explanations.
Translation of the beginning of the 2nd chapter:
In the name of the Almighty God. A.L.M. There is not a single doubt in this book; she is the guidance of the pious and those who believe in the mysteries of the faith, observing the established times of prayer and distributing alms from what we have given them ...
19th century
Translation of Nikolaev
In 1864 a new Russian translation of the Koran was published. Its author was K. Nikolaev, who took the French text of Albin de Bieberstein-Kazimirsky as a source. The book was repeatedly reprinted and distributed in Russia.
Translation of the beginning of the 27th chapter:
In the name of God the Gracious and Merciful. Ta. Garden. These are the signs of reading and writing the obvious. They serve as direction and good news for believers. For those who observe prayer, do alms and steadfastly believe in the life to come...
First translation from Arabic
Quite unexpectedly, the first translator of the Qur'an from the original language was a professional military man and general. Boguslavsky (1826-1893), who had already made a military career, entered the course of the Faculty of Oriental Languages, which he managed to finish as an external student. He was called a "worthy Orientalist", and for a number of years he worked as an official translator in the countries of the East. In 1871, while working in Istanbul, he not only translated the Koran, but also wrote down his explanations for the Russian text. Boguslavsky complained about significant inaccuracies in the Russian translation of Nikolaev and this explained the desire to complete his work, in which he would like to rely solely on Muslim sources. It is noted that the basis for the explanations was, for the most part, the book "Mavakib" by Ismail Farrukh. Against the background of previous translations, this approach put the work significantly above the rest. Translation long time remained unreleased. The general himself did not publish it, and the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, to which his widow applied with a proposal for publication, refused, although she spoke highly of this translation and spoke about the desirability of its publication. The first translation was published only in 1995.
Translation of the 28th verse of the 7th chapter:
Committing a shameful deed, they say: we found our fathers doing this, God ordered us to do this. Tell them: God did not order shameful deeds; how can you talk about God that you don't know?
The most common translation of pre-revolutionary times
The most popular of all translations of the times Russian Empire was published in 1878. Its author is Gordy Sablukov, professor at the Kazan Theological Seminary (1804–1880). The author was engaged in oriental studies, knew many languages, among which was Arabic.
Translation of the 1st chapter:
In the name of God, the merciful, the merciful. Glory to God, the Lord of the worlds, the merciful, the merciful, who holds the day of judgment at his disposal! We worship You and ask You for help: lead us to the straight path, the path of those whom You have favored, not those who are under anger, nor those who wander.
20th century
Translation of Krachkovsky
Until now, it is the translation of Ignatius Krachkovsky (1883-1951) that is perhaps the most famous. The author was an Arabist, lectured on the Koran at the Faculty of Oriental Languages in St. Petersburg. Krachkovsky worked on the translation of the Koran from 1921 to 1930. The author worked on finalizing the Russian text almost until the end of his life. During his lifetime, his translation was not published. The first edition was published only in 1963.
Translation of the beginning of the 3rd chapter:
In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Merciful! Alm. Allah - there is no deity but Him - living, existing! He sent down to you the scripture in truth, confirming the truth of what was sent down before him. And he sent down the Torah and the Gospel earlier as a guide for the people, and sent down the Difference.
Qadianite Translation
In 1987, a translation of the Koran into Russian was published in London. The publisher was the Qadiani sect. One of the translators was Ravil Bukharaev (1951–2012).
Translation of the beginning of the 108th verse of the 6th chapter:
And do not reproach those to whom they invoke other than Allah, lest they reproach Allah for vengeance out of their ignorance. Thus, We have made their deeds seem good to every people. Then they will return to their Lord, and He will tell them their deeds.
Poetic translation of Powder
The author of the next translation of the Koran into Russian was Iman Porokhova (b. 1949). Work on the poetic translation of the Koran Porokhov began in 1985. The text received its final design in 1991. For many, the book was a discovery: against the background of previous translations, the text favorably differed in the lightness of the language. The revision of the text continues, and new editions differ from the previous ones.
Translation of the 1st chapter (in the 11th edition 2013):
In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Merciful! Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds! All-merciful and merciful (He is One), Day of Judgment One He is the sovereign. We surrender only to You and cry out only to You for help: "Guide us along the straight path, the path of those who are endowed with Your mercy, and not the path of those on whom Your wrath is on, and not the paths of the lost."
Poetic translation of Shumovsky
In the 90s, two poetic translations of the Koran appeared at once. The author of the first was Porokhova, and the second was the Arabist Teodor Shumovsky (1913–2012), a student of Ignatius Krachkovsky. He worked on his work during 1992.
Translation of the beginning of the 1st chapter:
In the name of the Merciful, Merciful God! In the name of the Lord, whose heart is merciful, Whose mercy we want, asking for it diligently! Praise be to Him, the Ruler of the worlds, who has spread a cover over being, to Him Whose heart is merciful to creatures, Whose mercy we want, asking for it diligently!
Shidfar translation
Like Shumovsky, Betsy Shidfar (1928–1993) was a student of Ignaty Krachkovsky. During her lifetime, she did not have time to finalize her translation of the Koran. Text published in 2012.
Translation of the beginning of the 14th chapter:
In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful. Alif, lam, ra. This is the Scripture that We sent down to you, so that you would lead people out of darkness into light, by the leave of their Lord, on the path of the Almighty, the Praised.
Translation of Karaoglu
In 1994, a Russian translation of Fazil Karaoglu was published in Azerbaijan. His work has been repeatedly published in Turkey.
Osmanov's translation
In 1995, a translation was published, which was widely distributed in Russia. Its author was Magomed-Nuri Osmanov (1924–2015), a professional orientalist from Dagestan, a specialist in the Persian language.
Translation of the beginning of the 7th chapter:
Alif, lam, mime, garden. [This] Scripture has been sent down to you [Muhammad] - and do not let your heart worry because of it - so that you exhort them and be a guide for the believers.
Sadetsky's translation
In 1997, the Qadiani sect published in the United States a translation by Russian language teacher Alexander Sadetsky. The publication also included commentary on the verses.
"Al-Muntahab"
"Al-Muntahab" is a brief interpretation of the Koran in Russian, published in 2000 by the famous Egyptian university "Al-Azhar" in conjunction with the state religious authorities of Egypt. If usually works of this kind consist of a separate semantic translation of the verses and separate explanations for them, then Al-Muntahab is rather a mixture of both.
Tafsir of the beginning of the 1st chapter:
The sura begins with the name of Allah, the One, Perfect, Almighty, Impeccable. He is the Gracious, the Giver of Good (great and small, general and particular) and eternally Merciful. All kinds of the most beautiful praise to Allah the One for everything that He has predetermined for His slaves! All glory to Allah - the Creator and Lord of the inhabitants of the worlds! Allah is All-Merciful. He alone is the Source of Mercy and the Giver of every Good (great and small).
It should be noted that Abdel Salam al-Mansi and Sumaya Afifi, two Egyptian philologists of the Russian language who translated the book Al-Muntahab from Arabic, previously translated the five-volume book Meaning and Meaning of the Koran. Published first in Germany (1999) and then in Russia (2002), the multi-volume edition included explanations of the Qur'an based on comments by Maududi, Said Qutb, and others, as well as a translation of verses based on the work of Krachkovsky.
Gafurov's translation
XXI Century
Kuliev's translation
The most popular translation of the last 20 years is the work of the Azerbaijani researcher Elmir Guliyev (b. 1975), published in 2002. It has a relatively simple and understandable language. This work is often used by translators of religious texts: it was, for example, used in translating an abridged version of the tafsir of Ibn Kathir and the first edition of the tafsir of Abdullah Yusuf Ali. Elmir Kuliev himself also translated the Salafi tafsir of Abdurrahman Saadi.
Translation of the 1st chapter:
In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful! Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, the Gracious, the Merciful, the Lord of the Day of Retribution! You alone we worship and You alone we pray for help. Lead us to the straight path, the path of those whom You have favored, not those on whom anger has fallen, and not those who have gone astray.
Huseynov's translation
In 2002, a translation of the literary critic Chingiz Gasan-oglu Huseynov (b. 1929) was published under the title "Suras of the Koran arranged by Ibn Hasan as they were sent down to the Prophet." In his work, he arranged the chapters out of order and even split some chapters into several separate ones. Translation was carried out not from Arabic, but on the basis of Russian, Turkish and Azerbaijani translations.
Translation of the first verses of the chapter "Man":
Gone are the days when no one knew about a person! Verily, we created man from a drop of seed, a mixture, subjecting him to a test, endowed him with hearing ...
Third Qadiyanite Translation
Despite its small number, the Qadian sect distinguished itself with three translations of the Koran into Russian at once. The third was completed in 2005 and published in 2006. Like the first time, the publication was made in the UK. The authors of the translation were Khalid Ahmad, Rustam Khamatvaleev and Ravil Bukharaev. The edition was accompanied by explanations based on the Qadiani interpretation of the Qur'an.
Translation of the beginning of the 16th chapter of the Qur'an:
In the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Merciful. The command of Allah will come, do not rush it. Glorified is He, and above is He what they associate with Him.
Translation by Abu Adel
In 2008, Abu Adel from Naberezhnye Chelny carried out a translation that quickly gained popularity in Salafi circles, sometimes overshadowing Kuliev's translation. The basis of the work was a tafsir written under the direction of Ibn Abdul-Muhsin from Saudi Arabia.
Translation of the 1st chapter:
In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Merciful! (All) praise is to (only) Allah, Lord of the worlds, Merciful (to all His creatures in this world), (and) Merciful (only to believers on the Day of Judgment), (Only) King of the Day of Retribution! (Only) You we worship and (only) we turn to You for help (in what only You can do)! Lead (You) us to the Straight Path, the Path of those whom You bestowed with good, (a) not (the path) of those who are under (Your) wrath, and not (the path) of those who have gone astray.
Magomedov's translation
In 2008, Suleiman Magomedov (b. 1968), deputy. Mufti of the DUM AChR.
Translation of the 37th verse of the 2nd chapter:
And the Lord inspired Adam with the words of repentance and He forgave him, because He accepts repentance and is Merciful.
Translation of the Sharipovs
In 2009, a new translation of the Koran was published by orientalists Ural Sharipov (b. 1937) and Raisa Sharipova (b. 1940).
Translation of the 257th verse of the 2nd chapter:
Allah is the Protector of those who believe. He brings them out of the darkness into the light. Those who did not believe, their patrons are Taguts, who lead them away from light into darkness. These are the inhabitants of the Fire, where they dwell forever.
Translation of Oryahili and Shafik
The translation published in Istanbul remained virtually unknown to the general reader. There is almost no information about its authors.
Translation of the 12th verse of the 11th chapter:
O messenger, do not miss anything that is sent down to you, so that your heart does not shrink from bitterness when those people say: “Why are treasures not sent to him or why an angel does not accompany him?” You are only a warner, and Allah is the Protector of all things!
Alyautdinov's translation
The translation of the Moscow Imam Shamil Alyautdinov (b. 1974), published in 2012, became very popular. The publication also includes Alyautdinov's own comments on the Koran.
Translation of the 1st chapter:
In the name of Allah [in the name of God, the Creator of all things, the One and Only for all and everything], whose mercy is eternal and limitless. “True praise belongs only to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, whose mercy is eternal and limitless, the Lord doomsday. We worship You and ask You for help [support, God's blessing in our affairs]. Guide us to the right path. The path of those to whom it was bestowed [from among the prophets and messengers, the righteous and martyrs, as well as all those who were so honored]. Not those with whom You were angry, and not those who left him.” Amine.
Translation of the Rashad Khalifa sect
In 2014, the book “Quran. The Last Testament” is a translation of the English edition by Rashad Khalifa (1935–1990), who is famous for proclaiming himself the messenger of God and denying hadith. The translator into Russian was Madina Balseizer. In some sources, Mila Komarninski is named as its co-author.
Translation of the beginning of the 5th chapter:
O you who believe, you must keep your obligations. You are allowed to eat livestock, except for what is specifically prohibited here. You must not allow hunting during the Hajj pilgrimage. GOD prescribes whatever He wills.
Shiite translation
The Shiites were also noted for their translation: in 2015, the work of Nazim Zeynalov (b. 1979), who had previously translated the multi-volume tafsir of the Koran in the Shiite interpretation, was published.
Translation edited by Mukhetdinov
In 2015, the Medina publishing house published a new edition of the tafsir of Abdullah Yusuf Ali. If in the first edition, when translating the verses, Kuliev's translation was used, then in the new edition, apparently, a new, own translation is presented. As translators of tafsir with in English several people are listed: Mikhail Yakubovich, Viktor Rubtsov, Nailya Khusainova, Valery Bikchentaev, editor-in-chief - Damir Mukhetdinov (b. 1977).
Translation of the beginning of the 187th verse of the 2nd chapter:
It is permissible for you to touch your wives on the night of fasting. They are a garment for you, and you are a garment for them. Allah knows what you used to do in secret among yourselves, but He turned to you and forgave you. So go in to them and seek what Allah has ordained for you. Eat and drink until you can tell the white thread from the black at dawn, and then fast until night falls.
New translations
Despite the presence of more than twenty Russian translations of the Koran, we are probably waiting for dozens, if not hundreds of new works. This is indicated not only by the general trend towards an increase in their number, but also by the experience of other countries: for example, the number of English translations, apparently, is already indicated by three digits. Of interest, of course, are those semantic translations with explanations that are certified by trustworthy Ulama.
|
№ |
Translator |
Year |
Note |
|
1 |
Postnikov |
1716 |
Translation from French |
|
2 |
Verevkin |
1787 |
Translation from French |
|
3 |
Kolmakov |
1792 |
Translation from English |
|
4 |
Nikolaev |
1864 |
Translation from French |
|
5 |
Boguslavsky |
1871 |
|
|
6 |
Sablukov |
1878 |
|
|
7 |
Krachkovsky |
1st floor 20th century |
|
|
8 |
Bukharaev and others. |
1987 |
Qadiani version |
|
9 |
Porokhov |
1991 |
Poetic translation |
|
10 |
Shumovsky |
1992 |
Poetic translation |
|
11 |
Shidfar |
1992 |
|
|
12 |
Karaoglu |
before 1994 |
|
|
13 |
Osmanov |
1995 |
|
|
14 |
Sadetsky |
1997 |
Qadiani version |
|
15 |
Gafurov |
2000 |
Translation from an opponent of Islam |
|
16 |
Afifi, Mansi |
2000 |
Translation of tafsir "Al-Muntahab" |
|
17 |
Kuliev |
2002 |
|
|
18 |
Huseynov |
2002 |
Out of order, broken down by chapters |
|
19 |
Khalid Ahmad, Khamatvaleev, Bukharaev |
2005 |
Qadiani version |
|
20 |
Abu Adel |
2008 |
Salafi version |
|
21 |
Magomedov |
2008 |
|
|
22 |
Sharipovs |
2009 |
|
|
23 |
Oryahili, Shafik |
2010 |
|
|
24 |
Alyautdinov |
2012 |
|
|
25 |
Balsazer |
2014 |
Sect version of Rashad Khalifa |
|
26 |
Zeynalov |
2015 |
Shia version |
|
27 |
Ed. Mukhetdinova |
2015 |
Editorial site
Sources used: Yakubovich M. Russian translations of the meanings of the Koran in the language space of the CIS states // islamsng.com; Gavrilov Yu. A., Shevchenko A. G. Koran in Russia: translations and translators // Bulletin of the Institute of Sociology. - No. 5, 2012. - P. 81–96 and others.
The verses of the Qur'an used in the translation:
﴿﴾ ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّـهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ ﴿﴾ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴿﴾ مَـٰلِكِ يَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ ﴿﴾ إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ ﴿﴾ ٱهْدِنَا ٱلصِّرَٰطَ ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمَ ﴿﴾ صِرَٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا ٱلضَّآلِّينَ
بِسْمِ ٱللَّـهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
الٓر ۚ كِتَـٰبٌ أَنزَلْنَـٰهُ إِلَيْكَ لِتُخْرِجَ ٱلنَّاسَ مِنَ ٱلظُّلُمَـٰتِ إِلَى ٱلنُّورِ بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ إِلَىٰ صِرَٰطِ ٱلْعَزِيزِ ٱلْحَمِيدِ
بِسْمِ ٱللَّـهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
الٓمٓ ﴿١﴾ ذَٰلِكَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبُ لَا رَيْبَ ۛ فِيهِ ۛ هُدًى لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ ﴿٢﴾ ٱلَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱلْغَيْبِ وَيُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَـٰهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ
بِسْمِ ٱللَّـهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
طسٓ ۚ تِلْكَ ءَايَـٰتُ ٱلْقُرْءَانِ وَكِتَابٍ مُّبِينٍ ﴿١﴾ هُدًى وَبُشْرَىٰ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ﴿٢﴾ ٱلَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَيُؤْتُونَ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَهُم بِٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ
وَإِذَا فَعَلُوا۟ فَـٰحِشَةً قَالُوا۟ وَجَدْنَا عَلَيْهَآ ءَابَآءَنَا وَٱللَّـهُ أَمَرَنَا بِهَا ۗ قُلْ إِنَّ ٱللَّـهَ لَا يَأْمُرُ بِٱلْفَحْشَآءِ ۖ أَتَقُولُونَ عَلَى ٱللَّـهِ مَا لَا تَعْلَمُونَ
بِسْمِ ٱللَّـهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
الٓمٓ ﴿١﴾ ٱللَّـهُ لَآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ٱلْحَىُّ ٱلْقَيُّومُ ﴿٢﴾ نَزَّلَ عَلَيْكَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ بِٱلْحَقِّ مُصَدِّقًا لِّمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَأَنزَلَ ٱلتَّوْرَىٰةَ وَٱلْإِنجِيلَ ﴿٣﴾ مِن قَبْلُ هُدًى لِّلنَّاسِ وَأَنزَلَ ٱلْفُرْقَانَ
وَلَا تَسُبُّوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ يَدْعُونَ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّـهِ فَيَسُبُّوا۟ ٱللَّـهَ عَدْوًۢا بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ زَيَّنَّا لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ عَمَلَهُمْ ثُمَّ إِلَىٰ رَبِّهِم مَّرْجِعُهُمْ فَيُنَبِّئُهُم بِمَا كَانُوا۟ يَعْمَلُونَ
بِسْمِ ٱللَّـهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
الٓمٓصٓ ﴿١﴾ كِتَـٰبٌ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ فَلَا يَكُن فِى صَدْرِكَ حَرَجٌ مِّنْهُ لِتُنذِرَ بِهِۦ وَذِكْرَىٰ لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ
بِسْمِ ٱللَّـهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
هَلْ أَتَىٰ عَلَى ٱلْإِنسَـٰنِ حِينٌ مِّنَ ٱلدَّهْرِ لَمْ يَكُن شَيْـًٔا مَّذْكُورًا ﴿١﴾ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَا ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ مِن نُّطْفَةٍ أَمْشَاجٍ نَّبْتَلِيهِ فَجَعَلْنَـٰهُ سَمِيعًۢا بَصِيرًا
بِسْمِ ٱللَّـهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
أَتَىٰٓ أَمْرُ ٱللَّـهِ فَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلُوهُ ۚ سُبْحَـٰنَهُۥ وَتَعَـٰلَىٰ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ
فَتَلَقَّىٰٓ ءَادَمُ مِن رَّبِّهِۦ كَلِمَـٰتٍ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلتَّوَّابُ ٱلرَّحِيمُ
ٱللَّـهُ وَلِىُّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ يُخْرِجُهُم مِّنَ ٱلظُّلُمَـٰتِ إِلَى ٱلنُّورِ ۖ وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوٓا۟ أَوْلِيَآؤُهُمُ ٱلطَّـٰغُوتُ يُخْرِجُونَهُم مِّنَ ٱلنُّورِ إِلَى ٱلظُّلُمَـٰتِ ۗ أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ أَصْحَـٰبُ ٱلنَّارِ ۖ هُمْ فِيهَا خَـٰلِدُونَ
فَلَعَلَّكَ تَارِكٌۢ بَعْضَ مَا يُوحَىٰٓ إِلَيْكَ وَضَآئِقٌۢ بِهِۦ صَدْرُكَ أَن يَقُولُوا۟ لَوْلَآ أُنزِلَ عَلَيْهِ كَنزٌ أَوْ جَآءَ مَعَهُۥ مَلَكٌ إِنَّمَآ أَنتَ نَذِيرٌ وَٱللَّـهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ وَكِيلٌ
بِسْمِ ٱللَّـهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ أَوْفُوا۟ بِٱلْعُقُودِ ۚ أُحِلَّتْ لَكُم بَهِيمَةُ ٱلْأَنْعَـٰمِ إِلَّا مَا يُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْكُمْ غَيْرَ مُحِلِّى ٱلصَّيْدِ وَأَنتُمْ حُرُمٌ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّـهَ يَحْكُمُ مَا يُرِيدُ
أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ ٱلصِّيَامِ ٱلرَّفَثُ إِلَىٰ نِسَآئِكُمْ ۚ هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَّكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ لِبَاسٌ لَّهُنَّ ۗ عَلِمَ ٱللَّـهُ أَنَّكُمْ كُنتُمْ تَخْتَانُونَ أَنفُسَكُمْ فَتَابَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَعَفَا عَنكُمْ ۖ فَٱلْـَٔـٰنَ بَـٰشِرُوهُنَّ وَٱبْتَغُوا۟ مَا كَتَبَ ٱللَّـهُ لَكُمْ ۚ وَكُلُوا۟ وَٱشْرَبُوا۟ حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ ٱلْخَيْطُ ٱلْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ ٱلْخَيْطِ ٱلْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ ٱلْفَجْرِ ۖ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا۟ ٱلصِّيَامَ إِلَى ٱلَّيْلِ
Learning to read the Qur'an consists of 4 basic rules:
- Learning the alphabet (the alphabet in Arabic is called "Alif wa ba").
- Writing training.
- Grammar (tajwid).
- Reading.
You may immediately think that this is easy. However, all these stages are divided into several subparagraphs. The main point is that you need to learn how to write correctly. That's right, not right! If you do not learn to write, then you cannot move on to learning grammar and reading.
2 more very important points: the first is that by this method you will only learn to read and write in Arabic, but not to translate. To fully delve into this language, you can go to an Arab country and already there gnaw at the granite of science. Secondly, you need to immediately decide on which Koran you will study, since there are differences in them. Most of the old mentors teach from the Qur'an, which is called Ghazan.
But I do not advise you to do this, because then it will be difficult to switch to the modern Koran. The font is very different everywhere, but the meaning of the text is the same. Naturally, “Gazan” is easier to learn to read, but it is better to start learning with a modern font. If you do not quite understand the difference, then look at the picture below, this is how the font in the Quran should look like:
I think that if you want to learn how to read the Quran, then you have already bought it. Now we can move on to the alphabet. At this stage, I advise you to start a notebook and remember the school. All letters must be printed separately in a notebook 100 times. The Arabic alphabet is not more complicated than the Russian one. Firstly, there are only 28 letters in it, and secondly, there are only 2 vowels: “he” and “alif”.
But it can also make understanding that language more difficult. Because in addition to letters, there are also sounds: “un”, “u”, “i”, “a”. Moreover, almost all letters (except for “wow”, “zey”, “ray”, “zal”, “dal”, “alif”) at the end, in the middle and at the beginning of the word are written differently. Most also have problems with what needs to be read from right to left. After all, they read from left to right. But in Arabic it's the other way around.
It can also cause inconvenience in writing. The main thing in it is that the bias in handwriting should be from right to left, and not vice versa. You can get used to it for a long time, but after a while you will bring everything to automatism. Now UchiEto will show you the Arabic alphabet (yellow boxes highlight the spellings of the letters depending on their location in the word):
First, it is important that you write as much as possible. You need to get your hands on this as you are now building the foundation of your learning. In a month it is quite possible to learn the alphabet, know the spelling options and learn how to write. If you are interested, then you will meet in half a month.
Once you have learned the alphabet and learned how to write, you can move on to grammar. In Arabic, it is called "tajwid". You can comprehend grammar directly while reading. Only a small nuance - in the Koran the beginning is not where everyone is used to. The beginning is at the end of the book, but it is better to start with the first sura of the Qur'an called Al-Fatiha.
The significance of this Great Book for Muslims cannot be overestimated. The Quran is a kind of guide for a person to fulfill his destiny, to establish and maintain harmonious relationships with the Almighty, society and himself.
The Qur'an consists of 114 chapters (suras) and more than 6,000 verses (verses). The Holy Scripture is divided into 7 equal parts for easy reading during the week and 30 parts (juz) for even reading in a month. The content of the Qur'anic suras is classified by researchers as the Meccan part - the period of the beginning of the path of the Prophet ﷺ and Medina - the time of his wide recognition.
The most important suras
- "Opening a Book"("Al-Fatiha"). It is read in all obligatory daily prayers (1st sura).
- "Sincerity"("Al-Ikhlas") - which is called the "creed" (Sura 112)
- "Ayat of the Throne"("Al-Kursiy"). According to the Prophet ﷺ, this verse comes first in the Qur'an. It tells about the power and absolute power of Allah ﷻ (Sura 2, verse 255).
- "Ayat about the Light"(Suras "An-Nur") describes the glory of Allah ﷻ (Sura 24, verse 35).
- "Ya-Sin", the Meccan sura, which is called the "heart of the Qur'an" (Sura 36).
On this page you can download the Quran in Arabic is free. The original text of the Qur'an has survived unchanged to this day thanks to the isnad system, which insures the original text from distortion and allows you to trace the chain of transmitters of the sacred text up to the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Also on our site you can download the Russian translation of the Koran, i.e. translations of the meanings of the most famous translators. Ukrainian and English translations meanings.
In what languages did you personally read the Quran?
Let's share in the comments.
The Quran or, as it is also called, Al-Kur'an is a sacred book for every Muslim, recognized as uncreated God's Word, a copy of the Tablet stored in heaven and created before the creation of the world. Today, the most reliable is Quran in Arabic, because it was originally written on it, which means it does not contain translation inaccuracies.
In accordance with the teachings of Islam, the Koran is a full-fledged continuation and replacement of two more ancient revelations: the Torah and the Gospel. By the way, I will mention my knowledge of Arabic, in which the names of the revelations sound like Taurate and Injile.
Although the Holy Scriptures of Muslims are absolutely not like the Bible, there are references to the prophets from the Old Testament and Jesus Christ in it. From its pages, people learn about the story of Adam and Eve, about Cain, who killed his brother Abel, about Noah's ark, about Moses, Abraham, Ismail, Solomon and other prophets, prophets not known to Christians are also mentioned: Shuyab, Zul-Qarnayn, Salih and Zul -Kifl.
The Holy Quran is the Word sent down by God, and not a story about Him. It was transmitted through the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in Arabic. It is believed that for many centuries the text of the Qur'an in Arabic has not changed and still remains unchanged, although many question the accuracy of the presentation, which I will mention below.
Al-Kur'an can be called the cornerstone of the Muslim world, because it is the basis of the state, legal, social and economic structure of countries. To live according to the Koran is to follow the will of the Almighty, and the ideal society is one in which all prescriptions are observed. God is one and only, he is omniscient and omnipotent.
Allah repeatedly sent prophets to people, but no one was heard to the end, and the Koran is the last chance for people to submit to the will of the Almighty.
How did the Arabic Quran appear, and why is there so much controversy around it?
The name of the holy book comes from the word "kara`a", which means "read" in Arabic. Muslim mythology says that the Word was transmitted to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) through Jabrail, one of the heavenly archangels.
However, the Prophet himself did not write down the sermons, as he was not literate and considered the oral transmission of knowledge more reliable. Instead, the students did it, they wrote down the sayings on everything that came to hand: pieces of skin, bones, leaves and parchment, memorized speeches by heart and passed them on to people.
Forty people are mentioned in historical sources as writing down the revelations. However, during the life of the prophet, a single collection did not appear, perhaps because there was simply no need for it.
Later, all the records were still listed in one book, but without any systematization. The first copy of the scripture was called "Muskhaful-iman" and was kept by Hafsa, the wife of the prophet and daughter of the first caliph Abu Bekr. Interestingly, outside of Arabia, disputes immediately broke out about the accuracy and order of the narration, but the Arabs did not have a shadow of a doubt, it was known to everyone there.
Although it is considered that Quran in Arabic never corresponded, but scientists have their own opinion.
- Firstly, the Quran is a work of many authors, which is confirmed by the lack of a single style, in order to understand this, one does not need to be an expert, it is enough just to read the texts.
- Secondly, it has been established that the final edition of the Koran in Arabic appeared under Caliph Osman, who ruled in 644-656. In those days, a lot of work was carried out, during which the editorial commission streamlined the Koran as a collection of mandatory religious and everyday rules.
The rest of the collections, even those collected by the relatives of the prophet, were burned. When the Qur'an of Osman was completed, each member of the commission, assembled from the close associates of the prophet, swore that all parts of the text were arranged and presented correctly.
If today you decide to buy the Quran in Arabic, it will definitely reproduce this particular canonical text. I suggest you watch a very interesting documentary about Holy Scripture:
The structure of the Quran in Arabic: verses and juz
The Qur'an consists of 114 suras (they are also called "juz"), that is, chapters, each of which is endowed with a special meaning and conveys a revelation consisting of verses or verses (signs, miracles). In modern editions they are numbered, but traditionally marked. One of the most important suras is Al-Fatiha (Opening). It summarizes the content of the Qur'an and is sung by believers during the five daily prayers (namaz).
Often the thoughts and suggestions contained in one chapter do not agree with each other and do not even correspond to the title of the chapter. Perhaps this is due to hasty editing and omissions, or the deliberate destruction of portions of Scripture. For example, the second sura is called Al-Baqarah (translated from Arabic as "The Cow"), but the title is in no way justified by the content.
Of the 286 verses that form the second chapter, the word "cow" is accidentally mentioned in only four. That is, the name does not at all correspond to the text, which tells about the basic principles of religion. And half of the suras were named after the first word they begin with. As a rule, these words also do not reflect the content.
Traditionally, it is customary to prefix the names with the name of the place where the revelations were sent down: in Mecca or Medina. Meccan suras are often short, dynamic and emotional. The Medina suras are more prosaic, containing information about the worldly affairs of the Muslim society.
On the Stylistic Features of Holy Scripture
The condensed and figurative style of the Qur'an is beyond comparison. Often in one sura it contains different rhythmic patterns, abrupt transitions from one topic to another and from the first person to the third person, repetitions of what has already been said and allusions to subsequent chapters.
The rhymed passages do not coincide with the poetic metrics of the Arab countries, so they cannot be called poetry, but they are not prose either. Quran in Arabic- this is not an ordinary literary text, but a creation unique in its kind, it is absurd to expect from it the usual European turn with a climax and a denouement. Each reader must himself be imbued with the deep meaning of Scripture.
As early as the 10th century, the special style of the Koran was defined as ijaz, expressing its incomparability. The Quran has not yet been 100% translated, therefore, regardless of nationality, Muslims must be able to read the holy book in the original. Of course, for a more complete understanding, you can use ready-made translations, but the translation of the Quran is only a subjective attempt by the translator to explain his own understanding and vision.
It is not enough to buy the Koran in Arabic, you need to be able to read and understand it!
It is correct to read the Qur'an - not pronouncing each sound, but singing it (awaz). There are seven ways of reading the Scriptures, called kyrats, they concern exactly the pronunciation, but practically do not affect the semantic accents. I myself studied beautiful reading for a long time, and even made some progress. But, most of all I love the beautiful reading of the Arabists. Listen for yourself, isn't it wonderful?
The Holy Quran will always be relevant and in demand among believers, because time has no power over the Word of the Almighty, it refers to the essence of a human being and cannot be changed.
Various Qurans are presented in our online store - from beautiful gift editions to small travel editions. Everyone will find an option to their liking. Click the button and choose:
Choose Quran in Arabic!Peace to your home! Sincerely, Ali Askerov.
The Quran, being the word of the Almighty, serves as a true guide, the main guideline in the life of the Islamic ummah, and also a source of universal knowledge and worldly wisdom that has no analogues in the world. Revelation itself says:
“Allah sent down the best narration - Scripture, the verses of which are similar and repeated. Those who fear their Creator have a shiver run down their skin. And then their skin and hearts soften at the remembrance of the Almighty. This is the guidance of Allah, through which He guides whomever He wills to the straight path.” (39:23)
Throughout history, the Lord sent down four Holy Scriptures to His servants, namely: the Torah (Taurat), the Psalter (Zabur), the Gospel (Injil) and the Koran (Kur'an). The latter is His final Scripture, and the Creator undertook to protect it from any distortion until the day of the Great Judgment. And this is stated in the following verse:
"Indeed, We sent down the Reminder and We guard it" (15:9)
In addition to the traditional name, other names are used in God's most final Revelation to characterize some of its qualities. The most common among them are the following:
1. Furqan (Distinction)
This name means that the Qur'an serves as a distinction between "halal" (permitted) and (forbidden).
2. Kitab (Book)
That is, the Holy Quran is the Book of the Almighty.
3. Dhikr (Reminder)
It is understood that the text of Holy Scripture is at the same time a reminder, a warning for all believers.
4. Tanzil (Send down)
The essence of this name lies in the fact that the Koran was sent down by our Creator as His direct mercy for the worlds.
5. Nur (Light)
Structure of the Quran
The Holy Book of Muslims includes 114 suras. Each of them has its own special meaning and its own history of sending down. All suras consist of verses, which also carry a certain meaning. The number of verses in each sura varies, and therefore a distinction is made between relatively long suras and short suras.
The Koranic suras themselves, depending on the period of their sending down, are divided into the so-called "Meccan" (that is, sent down to the Messenger of the Almighty Muhammad, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, during the implementation of his prophetic mission in Mecca) and "Medina" (respectively, in Medina).
In addition to the suras, the Koran is also divided into juz - there are thirty of them, and each of them consists of two hizbs. In practice, this division is used for the convenience of reading the Qur'an during tarawih prayers in the Holy month of Ramadan (hatm), since reading the entire text of the Book of Allah from the first to the last verses is a desirable action in a blessed month.
History of the Quran
The process of sending down the Revelation took place in parts and for quite a long time - for 23 years. This is mentioned in Surah al-Isra:
“We sent down it (the Koran) with the truth, and it descended with the truth, but We (Muhammad) sent you only as a good messenger and a warning warner. We have divided the Qur'an so that you can read it to people slowly. We sent it down in parts" (17:105-106)
Sending down to the Prophet Muhammad (S.G.V.) was carried out through the angel Jabrail. The messenger recounted them to his companions. The first were the opening verses of Surah Al-Alaq (The Clot). It was from them that the prophetic mission of Muhammad (S.G.V.) began, twenty-three years long.
In the hadiths, this historical moment is described as follows (according to Aisha bint Abu Bakr): “The sending down of revelations to the Messenger of Allah, salallah galeihi wa sallam, originates from a good dream, and no other visions except those that came like the morning dawn. Later, he was inspired by the desire to retire, and he preferred to do this in the cave of Hira on the mountain of the same name. There he was engaged in matters of piety - he worshiped the Almighty for many nights without a break, until the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) did not have a desire to return to his family. All this lasted until the truth was revealed to him, when he was once again inside the cave of Hira. An angel appeared before him and commanded: “Read!”, but in response he heard: “I can’t read!” ” Then, as Muhammad (s.g.v.) himself narrated, the angel took him and squeezed him hard - so much so that he tensed to the limit, and then unclenched his arms and again said: “Read!” The Prophet retorted, “I can’t read!” The angel again squeezed him so that he (again) became very tense, and released him, commanding: “Read!” - and he (again) repeated: "I can't read!" And then the angel squeezed the Final Messenger of Allah for the 3rd time and, releasing, said: “Read in the name of your Lord, Who created, created a person from a clot! Read, and your Lord is the most generous…” (Bukhari).
The sending down of the Holy Book of Muslims began on the most blessed night of the month of Ramadan - Laylat ul-Qadr (The Night of Predestination). This is also written in the Holy Quran:
“We sent it down on a blessed night, and We warn” (44:3)
The Quran familiar to us appeared after the departure of the Messenger of the Almighty (s.g.v.) to another world, since during his lifetime Muhammad himself (s.g.v.) could give an answer to any question of interest to people. 1st righteous caliph Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (r.a.) ordered all the companions who knew the Koran by heart to write down its text on the scrolls, since there was a threat of losing the original text after the death of all the companions who knew it by heart. All these scrolls were brought together during the reign of the 3rd caliph - (r.a.). It is this copy of the Koran that has survived to this day.
The Benefits of Reading
Holy Scripture, being the word of the Almighty Himself, carries many virtues for people who read and study it. The text of the book says:
“We have sent down to you the Scripture to clarify all things as a guide to the straight path, mercy and good news for Muslims” (16:89)
The benefits of reading and studying Quranic suras are also mentioned in a number of hadiths. The Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) once said: “The best of you is the one who studied the Qur'an and taught it to others” (Bukhari). It follows that the study of the Book of the Lord is one of the best deeds for which one can earn the pleasure of one's Creator.
In addition, for reading each letter contained in the Holy Quran, good deeds are recorded, as the following saying of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): “Whoever reads one letter of the Book of Allah, one good deed will be recorded, and the reward for doing good deeds increases 10-fold” (Tirmizi).
Naturally, the memorization of verses will also turn out to be a virtue for the believer: “To the one who knew the Koran, it will be said:“ Read and ascend, and clearly pronounce the words, as you did in earthly life, for, truly, your place will correspond to the last verse you read ”(This hadith is quoted by Abu Dawud and Ibn Maja). Moreover, even if a believer has learned certain verses, he should re-read them so as not to forget. The Messenger of God (s.g.v.) said: “Keep repeating the Quran, as it leaves the hearts of people faster than camels freed from fetters” (Bukhari, Muslim).
It is also important to remember that the time devoted by believers to reading, studying the Book of the Creator will benefit them not only in this mortal world. There is a hadith on this subject: “Read the Quran, for, truly, on the Day of Resurrection, it will appear as an intercessor for those who read it!” (Muslim).
Did you like the material? Send it to your brothers and sisters in faith and get a savab!
